.uni-trier.de dblp 12 November 2003Michael Ley1 Computer Science Digital Libraries a personal view...

12 November 2003 Michael Ley 1

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Computer ScienceDigital Libraries

a personal view

JBIDI 2002

Alicante, Spain


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Thank you for the invitation

alternative title of this talk:

An Amateur‘s Computer Science

Digital Library


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About me …

• born 1959

• home: bookstore (small family business)

• 1986 diploma in informatics (Aachen)

• 1993 Ph.D. (Trier)

• since 1993 lecturer at University of Trier– Programming for 1st/2nd year students– DB implementation, Digital Libraries


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ComputerScience

Information &LibraryScience

DLs&

JBiDi


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Why is DBLP„An Amateur‘s CS DL“ ?

• no formal degree in library management

• unprofessional methods of software development & use

nevertheless DBLP seems to usefull …


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Outline

1. History of DBLP

2. Computer Science Publications & DLs

3. Technical Background

4. Demo


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Outline

1. History of DBLP



4. Demo


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[Atzeni et al. VLDB 1997]


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The Beginning: End of 1993

• Simple test of Web technology: Xmosaic, NCSA HTTP server

• Tables of contents:– Journals and proceedings– DataBase systems / Logic Programming


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VLDB‘93 VLDB‘92 VLDB‘90 TKDE5 TKDE4 TKDE3 …

Tables of Contents

VLDB TKDEStreams ……

Conferences Journals

Entry Pages

„Home“

Basic Architecture


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Person-Publication Network

VLDB‘93 VLDB‘92 VLDB‘90 TKDE5 TKDE4 TKDE3 …

Tables of Contents

J.D.Ullman H.-J.Schek S.Ceri

Person Pages

Person Index Person Search

…


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Early Recognition

• 1997:– ACM SIGMOD Service Award– VLDB Endowment Special Recognition

Award

• Helped to make DBLP a more „official“ project & to get a small inital fund


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ACM SIGMOD Anthology

• Idea by Rick Snodgrass (SIGMOD chair 1997-2001):– scan in „historical“ DB publications– Combine these full texts and an improved

version of DBLP to a CDROM-based digital libary


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Anthology: Contents

Journals, Newsletters:• TODS• TKDE• VLDB Journal• Distr. & Parallel DB• Data Engineering

• SIGMOD Record• SIGKDD Expl.• SIGIR Forum• Data Base


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Proceedings:• ACM DL• ACM GIS• ADBIS• CIKM• COOPIS• DASFAA• DBPL• DOLAP

• EDBT• ER• Hypertext• ICDT• KRDB• MFDBS• NPIV• PDIS• PODS

• POS• SIGIR• SIGMOD• SIGFIDET• SSD• SSDBM• VLDB• XP

+ several Workshops


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Books:

• Abiteboul/Hull/Vianu: Foundations of DBs

• Bernstein/Hadzilacos/Goodman: Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems

• Maier: Theory of Relational Databases• Gray: The Benchmark Handbook• Stonebraker: The INGRES Papers• Wiederhold: Database Design (2nd Ed.)• Snodgrass: The TSQL2 Temporal Query L.


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>150000pages full text


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size # files # PDF files

DVD 1 7.5 G 10339 10025

DVD 2 6.31 G 201902 4284


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Anthology: Citation Links

References:[1] …[2] B: xxx.[3] ……

References:[1] ……Referenced by:• A: yyy.• …


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…

…


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lp ACM SIGMODDigital Symposium Collection (DiSC):Recent Material (4 CDROMs, 1 DVD)edited by Isabel Cruz (1999-2001), Aidong Zhang (2002), …

ACM SIGMOD Contributions Award 2003


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Economic Models for Networked Information

[William Y. Arms, iMP, March 2000]

• Restricted access: use-based payment

• Restricted access: subscriptions

• Open access: advertising

• Open access: external funding DBLP


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Sponsor Found / Expansion• help by MS Research & Jim Gray made it

possible to expand DBLP to cover most areas of computer science

• students were hired to enter data


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Other Sponsors / Supporters

• Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik (Saarbrücken): Students / Library

• University of Trier• VLDB Endowment• IFIP• CSREA• Dagstuhl Library


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New Project:

End of 2002 – September 2005


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CCSB(Achilles)

CompuScience

LeaBib(Mayr)

DBLP


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Service Research

Semantic Methods andTools for Information Portals


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• FIZ Karlsruhe• GI / Uni Frankfurt• AIFB, Uni Karlsruhe• TU München• Uni Trier

• AIFB, Uni Karlsruhe• DFKI Saarbrücken• FhG IPSI, Darmstadt• Uni Trier


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Our Group (Nov.2003)

• Prof. Dr. Bernd Walter• Dr. Michael Ley• Alexander Weber• Emma Rabbidge• Stephan Klink• Patrick Reuther

• B. Weiland (Secretary)• Marion Sievers• Doris Holzträger• Dietrich Arlart• Dongxin Yi

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Outline

1. History of DBLP



4. Demo


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Main Players (1)• Learned societies:

– ACM– IEEE(-CS),– many small societies

• Commercial publishers:– Elsevier group (North-Holland, Pergamon,

Academic Press, Morgan Kaufmann, …)– Springer/Kluwer– …


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Main Players (2)• Open access online publications:

– CoRR, NCSTRL, …– CEUR, … – ECCC, …

• Abstracting & Indexing services:– INSPEC, ACM Portal, CompuScience,…– Achilles(CCSB), CiteSeer, DBLP, LeaBib, HCI, …– Google et al.

(-) insufficient information about the volume: no editors, no ISBN, …

(+) Session Titles

Page Number

DOI


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no easy navigationa certain volume


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insufficient information:no editors, no volume title

no session titles


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Articles freely available online are more highly cited.

combinationof data fromCiteSeer andDBLP


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What is „special“ with Computer Science ?

• Conferences & proceedings are more important than journals (in many subfields)

• More high quality material is available on the (open) Web, e.g. on personal home pages

• There is no abstract/index database used by most computer scientists


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Although bibliographic databases such as INSPEC, ABI/INFORM and MLA Bibliography indexed the reported journals of choice for researchers in computer science and literary theory, the researchers did not use them.

[Covi, IPM 1999]


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→ DBLP: Person Pages


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Person Names

• widely accepted method to identify persons

• names may not be unique

• a person may change her/his name (marriage, emigration to other cultural environment)

• variations of person names …


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• abbreviations: Jeffrey D. Ullman, J. D. Ullman, J. Ullman, Jeff Ullman, …

• nicknames: Michael / Mike, William / Bill, Joseph / Joe

• permutations: Liu Bin / Bin Liu

• different transcriptions: Andrei / Andrej / Andrey

• accents: Stephane / Stéphane

• umlauts: Muller / Müller / Mueller


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• ligatures: Weiß / Weiss, Åström / Aastrom

• case: Al-A’Ali / Al-A’ali

• hyphens: Hans-Peter / Hans Peter

• composition: MaoLin / Mao Lin, Kenichi / Ken-ichi / Ken’ichi

• postfixes: Karel Culik II, Jr. / Sr.

• typos


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Person Names: Problems

• there should be a 1:1 mapping between persons and person pages

• how to search persons best ?

• how to normalize different spellings ?

name normalization costs morethan 60% of our time …


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Person Name Normalization

• for each new entry we try to locate the authors/editors in the existing collection

• if spellings differ, but we are confident that they are variations of the same person‘s name → make them equal

• write out most parts of the name• person‘s perferred spelling ?


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• for persons with many publications the name spelling usually converges to a stable & correct state

• for persons with a few known publications it is more likely that there are duplicate person pages, incorrect or incomplete spellings


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Heuristics in the decision process • coauthor relationship gives strong

indications for the identity of persons

• streams (journals/conference series): condensation points for communities, weaker indication

• same keywords in titles

• time frame ?

• a lot of background knowledge …


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new entry:Marcos Flôres Ferrão

Example …

correct the old entry


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…for library people this is an old idea:„controlled vocabularies“ /„authority control“


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Classification

• ACM CR System– classifications only available for small

subset of computer science literature– often criticized as too inflexible / too coarse

• intellectual classification (on the paper level) is too expensive


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Most bibliographic databases use keywords from controlled vocabularies and/or map publications into a thesauraus/onthology.

In DBLP we try concentrate on authority control for person names and a comprehensibe representation of publication streams


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Outline

1. History of DBLP



4. Demo


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Initial Design

• Entry pages

• Collection of HTML tables of contents

• TOCs were parsed to generate „Person Pages“ (customized xmosaic parser)

• Person Index


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TOC Parser / Generation of Person Pages

Parser TOC_OUT mkauthors

TOCs

PersonPages


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…

mkauthors

AUTHORS author

CGI


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TOC_OUT title

CGI


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Bibliographic Records

better search engine, citation linking, reviews, annotated bibliographies, …

• assign an unique ID to each publication

• make it accessible by this ID

• store the information in classical bibliograhic records


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Bibliographic Records

• Idea: BibTeX++ in XML syntax

• Simple DTD

• You may download them from

http://dblp.uni-trier.de/xml/

uncompressed ~182MByte(Nov 2003 )



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<inproceedings mdate="2003-10-26" key="conf/jbidi/CollC02"><author>Imma Subirats Coll</author><author>José Manuel Barrueco Cruz</author><title>ReLIS: una biblioteca digital distribuida para Documentación.</title><year>2002</year><crossref>conf/jbidi/2002</crossref><booktitle>JBIDI</booktitle><ee>http://mariachi.dsic.upv.es/jbidi/jbidi2002/Camera-ready/ Sesion4/S4-2.pdf</ee><url>db/conf/jbidi/jbidi2002.html#CollC02</url></inproceedings>

date of last modification

key

key of proceedings record

electronic edition

URL of TOC


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<ee> , <url>

• <ee> contains a link to an abstract and/or full text

• for <inproceedings>, <article> and <incollection> the <ee>-Field points into the table of contents of the volume

• <ee> and <url> may contain absolute links (start with http:// or ftp://) or local links (you

have to add a DBLP prefix)


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<proceedings mdate="2003-10-26" key="conf/jbidi/2002"><title>Actas de las III Jornadas de Bibliotecas Digitales, El Escorial (Madrid), 18-19 de noviembre de 2002</title><booktitle>JBIDI</booktitle><year>2002</year><url>db/conf/jbidi/jbidi2002.html</url></proceedings> URL of TOC


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<article mdate="2002-01-26" key="journals/wi/OberweisS91">

<author>Andreas Oberweis</author><author>Wolffried Stucky</author><title>Die Behandlung von Ausnahmen in Software-Systemen: Eine Literaturübersicht.</title><pages>492-502</pages><year>1991</year><volume>33</volume><journal>Wirtschaftsinformatik</journal><number>6</number><url>db/journals/wi/wi33.html#OberweisS91</url></article>

a journal article


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<inproceedings mdate="2002-01-02" key="conf/er/JaeschkeOS93"><author>Peter Jaeschke</author><author>Andreas Oberweis</author><author>Wolffried Stucky</author><title>Extending ER Model Clustering by Relationship Clustering.</title><pages>451-462</pages><year>1993</year><booktitle>ER</booktitle><url>db/conf/er/er93.html#JaeschkeOS93</url><crossref>conf/er/93</crossref><cdrom>er93/ER93-P447.pdf</cdrom><ee>db/conf/er/JaeschkeOS93.html</ee>

only used for the

ACM SIGMOD Anthology


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<cite label="CaJA89">conf/er/CarlsonJA89</cite><cite label="Chen76">journals/tods/Chen76</cite><cite label="FeMi86">journals/cj/FeldmanM86</cite><cite label="Mart89">...</cite><cite label="Mist91">...</cite><cite label="RaSt92">conf/er/RauhS92</cite><cite label="ScSt83">...</cite><cite label="ScSW79">conf/er/ScheuermannSW79</cite><cite label="TeYF86">journals/csur/TeoreyYF86</cite><cite label="TWBK89">journals/cacm/TeoreyWBK89</cite></inproceedings>

citation links


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<proceedings mdate="2002-01-02" key="conf/er/93"><editor>Ramez Elmasri</editor><editor>Vram Kouramajian</editor><editor>Bernhard Thalheim</editor><title>Entity-Relationship Approach - ER'93, 12th International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach, Arlington, Texas, USA, December 15-17, 1993, Proceedings</title><booktitle>ER</booktitle><series href="db/journals/lncs.html">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</series><volume>823</volume><publisher>Springer</publisher><year>1994</year><isbn>3-540-58217-7</isbn><url>db/conf/er/er93.html</url></proceedings>


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XML Parser / Generation of Person Pages

Parser TOC_OUT mkauthors

XML-Records

PersonPages


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„Advanced Search“: MG

• „Managing Gigabytes“ Software by Witten, Moffat, Bell

• DBLP XML Records →MG Documents

• Filter: matching terms in the required field


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please use the XML recordsto build your own services …

example:

Bibshare – an environment for bibliographic

managementby José H. Canos, Valencia


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client layer MS Word Emacs …

collectionlayer

DBLP-API …-API BibShare-API

Bibshare Search Enginefederatedsearch layer


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BibTeX(xml)

BibTeX(xml)

BibTeX(xml)

BibTeX(xml)

BHT

…

HTML

Tables of Contents, …


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„Bibliography HyperText“ (BHT)

• include mechanism (<cite key='…' style='…'>)

• several additonal tags: <logo>, <footer>, <ref href="…">, …

• HTML - subset


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<html><head><title>25. SIGIR 2002: Tampere, Finland</title></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000000"><logo style="sigir"> <h1>25. <ref href="db/conf/sigir/index.html">SIGIR</ref> 2002: Tampere,Finland</h1><hr><cite key="conf/sigir/2002"><cite key="conf/sigir/2002" style="bibtex"> <center><img alt="SIGIR 2002" src="sigir2002logo.gif" border=0 width=108 height=94></center><ul><li><cite key="conf/sigir/Rijsbergen02" style=ee></ul><h2>Web Information Retrieval</h2> <ul><li><cite key="conf/sigir/AnhM02" style=ee><li><cite key="conf/sigir/ParkPGK02" style=ee><li><cite key="conf/sigir/SiC02" style=ee><li><cite key="conf/sigir/KraaijWH02" style=ee></ul><h2>Information Retrieval Theory</h2> …

session title


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BHT: Status

• the „dirty“ BHT files are not published

• a XML version of BHT is under construction

• an intital version of most files and a DTD is available from








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Design …

• standard design: put all information in bibliographic records– the world of publications has a very rich

structure → very complex record formats (e.g. MARC)


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Design …

• DBLP design: put only very regular information in bibliographic records– keep the records simple

• All other information is stored as „semistructured“ hypertext („BHT“)– you have the „freedom of HTML“


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DBLP Architecture

Entry Pages

Person Pages

„Streams“: Conference Series,

Journals

Tables of Content (TOC)

PersonSearch

AdvancedSearch

generatedanswers


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Entering DataStudents

WWW, E-Mail

wrapper

BibTeX

BibTeX

…

BHT

<h2>PODS Invited Talk</h2><ul><li>Brian Babcock, Shivnath Babu, Mayur Datar,Rajeev Motwani, Jennifer Widom: Models and Issues in Data Stream Systems. 1-16<ee>http://...</ee></ul>

<h2>Research Session 1: Award Winning Papers</h2><ul><li>Georg Gottlob, Christoph Koch: Monadic Datalog and the Expressive Power ofLanguages for Web Information Extraction. 17-28<ee>http://...</ee>

<li>Chung-Min Chen, Christine T. Cheng: From Discrepancy to Declustering: Near optimalmultidimensional declustering strategies for range queries. 29-38<ee>http://...</ee></ul>...


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Problems …

• to get correct & complete information

• amount of work

primary challenge to run DBLP:

management – not technique

better tools should improve productivity


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Data Quality

• Accuracy

• Completeness– only complete proceedings / journal issues

are entered

• Timeliness

• Relevance

• …


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DBLP Browser: SemiPort Project

• platform for experiments in visualization

• bibliographic tool for users of DBLP– composition of reference lists– export in popular formats like BibTeX

• maintenance tool


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DBLP Browser

• main memory IR system– compressed representation of the

bibliographic records

• convenient graphical user interface

• Java / Swing

• first prototype implemented


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Outline

1. History of DBLP



4. Demo


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„Porta Nigra“ – the most famous landmark of Trier


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Outline

1. History of DBLP



4. Demo

5. Additional Slides: Browser …


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<article key="journals/ai/SchreyeBV89"><author>Danny De Schreye</author><author>Maurice Bruynooghe</author><author>Kristof Verschaetse</author><title>On the Existence of Nonterminating Queries for a Restricted Class of PROLOG-Clauses.</title><pages>237-248</pages><year>1989</year><volume>41</volume><journal>Artificial Intelligence</journal><number>2</number><url>db/journals/ai/ai41.html#SchreyeBV89</url></article>…


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Representation of <title>-Fields:

• construct canonical Huffman codes on word level [MG-Book]

• degree of tree-nodes: 213 (0x2a-0xff)

• lexicon: 3-in-4 front coding

• Publications are sorted by journal/booktitle, year


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…7Comprehending32sibility5-ons0sion2Compress21ibility3+n3onless6Compressions3,ve2.lets2or5Compressors/-ise2+d2s4Comprising/5omisability3,ed4s6Compromising0+r..sing.ter2Compters0,ur/-ing/on2Comptuer.4uatational1-ion4al5Compuations20tional//iting/log4Compulsory/,nd0.ting/s0Comput03abilities2-les3y7Computacional1-ion4,al1ting7Computationai6.lism5,el4ons…

Lexicon oftitle words

0=‘*‘, 1=‘+‘, 2=',', 3='-',4='.', 5='/', 6='0', 7='1', …


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Lexicon: title words

<article key="journals/ai/SchreyeBV89"><author>Danny De Schreye</author><author>Maurice Bruynooghe</author><author>Kristof Verschaetse</author><title>c1c2c3 ...</title><pages>237-248</pages>…</article>…


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Representation of <author>- and <editor>-Fields:

• construct list of all persons• sort them by number of publications• add inverted lists (publication numbers)

to all persons

Peter Smith 17 36 1003 7790 8800Johanna Mayer 36 2077 9002…


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Representation of inverted indexes

• use d-gaps [MG-book]• variable-byte coding (base 111

numbers, ≈ 7bit value + last byte flag) [Scholer et al., SIGIR 2002]

nmline1line2line3

…

line n

line 1 line 2 line 3 … line n

…

1

n

1 m


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<article key="journals/ai/SchreyeBV89"><author>a1</author> <author>a2</author><author>a3</author> <title>c1c2c3 ...</title><pages>237-248</pages><journal>Artificial Intelligence</journal>…</article>…

Person table


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Representation of <journal>- and <booktitle>-Fields:

• construct lists of all journals and booktitles

• add position of first publication with this journal/booktitle and count

Artificial Intelligence 5000 603TODS 7890 400…


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<article key="journals/ai/SchreyeBV89"><author>a1</author> <author>a2</author><author>a3</author> <title>c1c2c3 ...</title><pages>237-248</pages> <journal>j</journal> <number>2</number><url>db/journals/ai/ai41.html#SchreyeBV89</url></article>…

Person table

Journal table

Booktitle table


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Representations of Paths: key, <ee>, <url>

construct paths dictionary: bottom-up tree of path elemens

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Person table

Journal table

Booktitle table

paths dictionary

series table

publishers table

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Date post:	27-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	oswin-hutchinson
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