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Union of Two CrownsEgypt’s Villages are thriving!
* Surplus of Crops* New Technology* Tools, pottery, jewelry
There was also TERROR AND FEAR!!
Wars were waging between villages. How do we know this?
Evidence of ruins of wallsand paintings of bloody battle scenes!
Banding Together
• The people of Egypt joined together into two separate kingdoms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.
• Upper Egypt King wore a white crown.
• Lower Egypt King wore a red crown.
Pharaoh Menes
• KING OF UPPER EGYPT• LED HIS FORCES INTO
LOWER EGYPT AND OVERTHREW THE KING
• BECAME THE FIRST PHARAOH (THE NAME GIVEN TO ALL RULERS IN EGYPT)
• DOUBLE CROWN- – SHOWED VICTORY– SYMBOLIZED UNIFICATION-
JOINING OF SEPARATE PARTS INTO ONE
THE OLD KINGDOM
Government Under the Pharaohs
• Most powerful leaders were assigned as local governors.– Collected taxes, local
judges, made sure floodwaters were shared evenly
– Reported to Egypt’s headquarters in Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt
Religion in Ancient EgyptPharaoh- great political and
religious powerEgyptians believed the pharaoh
was a child of Ra, the sun god and most important
RA
• Gave life to Earth• Pharaoh gave life to
Egypt• Ra and pharaoh
deserved to be worshipped
Isis- protected people from sickness and harm
Osiris- represented the dead who awaited rebirth
Egypt’s Economy
ALL THINGS IN EGYPT BELONGED TO THE PHARAOH, MAKING HIM THE CENTER OF THE ECONOMY!
ECONOMY
• Way people manage money and resources for the production of goods and services
• Egypt’s economy was based on agriculture
Division of Surplus Food Collected For Taxes
Taxes, Taxes, Taxes
• Pharaoh taxed everything, even people’s TIME!!
• For example, during flood season, Egyptians from priests to potters to farmers were called upon to build canals or buildings for the government.
• Craftworkers and artists kept temples supplied in exchange for clothes and food.
A SYSTEM OF WRITING
HIEROGLYPHICS
• Made up of about 800 picture signs
• Individual picture-signs or symbols were called hieroglyphs
• Could stand for objects or sounds
• The reason we know so much about Ancient Egyptians
• Rosetta Stone
Rosetta Stone
• The Key to A Lost Language– 400 A.D.
Hieroglyphics fell out of use and the meaning was lost
– 1799 French soldier found the Rosetta Stone