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CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING • TRANSPORTATION •

STORAGE • CONTAINMENT • ENERGY PRODUCTION

UNIQUE POLYMER COATINGS THAT SOLVE CORROSION PROBLEMS APC COATINGS RESIST ACIDS – CAUSTICS - SOLVENTS

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A FUTURE OFCONTINUINGTECHNOLOGYADVANCES The Greater the Distance Between the Crosslinks, the Greater the Permeation Causing Chemical Attack and Absorption

Epoxy Group

Curing Agent

The Technology; Epoxies, Vinylesters and , ,

Form 3 Dimensional Screen-Like Structures when Cured

CORROSIONPROTECTION ATEVERY TURN

Advanced Polymer Coatings, Ltd. (APC) presents a family ofunique coatings to protect against the damage from corrosion andto provide safe transport of chemicals whether on land or sea.Based on its development of the patented Siloxirane® polymer resin,the company has engineered a range of industry-specific coatingsthat resist and control the problems encountered by corrosion andchemical attack.

Protection at every turn means that no matter where you manufac-ture, store, and transport chemicals, APC offers a coating solution.

APC first developed Siloxirane®, across-linked organic-inorganic poly-mer resin used in composite parts,prepregs and coatings for the aero-space industry for high temperatureapplications. Siloxiraine® resin hasbeen specified for a range of strin-gent parts requirements such asadvanced tactical missiles, aircraftparts, space hardware, ordnance,electronics and other high perform-ance applications.

Based on their success with engi-neered polymers, APC attacked andsolved problems in other industriesfocusing on the corrosion protec-

tion deficiencies of conventional protec-tive coatings and linings. Today, fromits headquarters in Avon, Ohio, near theheart of the world’s leading polymerresearch centers and testing facilities,APC manufactures coatings formulatedwith proven Siloxiraine® technology,that are geared for extreme corrosion-,high temperature- and abrasion- resistance.

A H i s t o r y i n A e r o s p a c e

The Following 3 Diagrams Represent the Same Coating Cutaway (pictured left) Chem Chem

Chem

Phenol Epoxy“Old Technology”

with 2 Functionality. Forms 4 Crosslinks.

Original APC CoatingA “Breakthrough” in the 1990s

with 5 Functionality. Forms 25 Crosslinks.

Latest APC Advancementwith 28 Functionality.Forms 784 Crosslinks.

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SUPERIORCORROSIONRESISTANCEPROTECTION

Siloxirane®-based coatings resist98% of all corrosive acids, alkalis,solvents, gasses and materials atvarious temperatures. APC hasconducted more than 5,000 chemical and physical tests ofSiloxirane® resin and coatings. Inapplications testing versus conven-tional coatings such as vinylesters,

Nitrogen Fertilizers A A — ANorval Amine A N N AOctanoic Acid A A — AOrthonitro Benzene A N N NOleum A N N AOlive Oil Fatty Acid A A A APalm Oil Fatty Acid A A A APerchloroethylene A N N APerchloric Acid A N N NPhenol A N N APhosphoric Acid A N A NPhthalic Anhydride A N A APiperzine A N — APolyethylene Polyamines A N — APotassium Hydroxide A A L LPotassium Permanganate A A A LPropionic Acid A N N APyridine A N N ARubber Extender Oils A A A ARum A A A ASodium Carbonate A N A NSodium Dichromate A N A ASodium Hydroxide A A A LSodium Hypochlorite A N A NSodium Sulfide A A N NStannic Chloride A A A NStearic Acid A A A ASpent Sulfuric Acid A N N ASulfur A N N ASulfuric Acid 1-70% A A A NSulfuric Acid 70-99% A N N LSulphurous Acid A N N ATall Oil A A A ATallow Acid A A N ATar Acid A N A ATetra Chloroacetic Acid A N N NTetra Hydrofurfuryl Alcohol A N N AToluene Diamine A N N AToluol A L L AValeraldehyde A N — AVinegar A N A AVitriol Oil 65% A N A AWater, Acid A N N AXylenol A N N A

Acetaldehyde A L N AAcetic Acid A N N AAcrolein Acid A N — AAcrylic Acid A N N AAcrylonitrile A N N AAmmonium Persulfate A A A LAzabenzene A N N ABenzene A A N ABenzene Carboxylic Acid A A N ABenzoyl Chloride A N N NB-Methacrylic Acid A N N ABichromate of Soda A N A ABromine A N N AButanoic Acid A N — AButyric Aldehyde A N A ACalcium Hydroxide A A A ACalcium Hypochlorite A A A LCaustic Potash A N N ACarbolic Acid A N N AChlorine Water A N A NChlorosulfonic Acid A N N NChlorinated Acetone A N N LChloracetic Acid A N N LChromic Acid A N A NCoal Tar Oil A N A ACoconut Fatty Acid A A A AColamine A N N ACresol A N — ADichloromethane A N N ADetergents A A A ADiethyl Formamide A N N ADiethylamine A N N ADiethylene Chloride A N N LDiethyl Ether A N N ADimethylamide Acetate A N — ADisulphuric Acid A N — AEDTA A N A AEthanolamine A N N AEthonic Acid Anhydride A N — AEthyl Acrylate A A N AFatty Acids A A A AFatty Acid, Palm A A A AFerric Chloride A N A NFlaked Stearic Acid A N A A

Fluoraboric Acid A N — NFormaldehyde A A A AFormamide A N — AFormic Acid 10% A N A AGreen Liquor A N A LGlycerol A N N AGrape Juice A A A AGrapefruit Juice A A A AGrease Oil A A A AHeptanoic Acid A A — AHerring Oil A A A AHexahydroanaline A N — AHMDA A N — AHydrazine A N N AHydrobromic Acid A N A NHydrochloric Acid A N A N10% Hydrofluoric Acid A N A N5-20% Hydrogen Chloride A N — N35% Hydrogen Peroxide A N A A10%-30% Hydrogen Sulfate A N A A5%-12% Hypochlorite Bleach A N A NIsobutanol A N A AIsobutyric Acid A N — AIsopropyl Amine A N A AJavelle Water A N A NJuices, Fruit A A A ALactic Acid A A A ALactonitrile A N — ALatex A A A ALiquified Ammonia A N N ALiquid Pitch Oil A N A AM-Phosphoric Acid A N A LMaleic Anhydride A N A AMCA A N — AMethacrylonitrile A N N AMethanamide A N — AMethanol A N N AMEK A L N AMethylene Chloride A N N NMonochloroacetic Acid A N N NMonochloro Benzene A N N NNaphtalene A N A ANitric Acid 1-20% A N A ANitro Benzene A A N A

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Corrosion resistance data for Epoxy, Vinylester andStainless Steel from published literature.

epoxies, rubbers and high bake phenolics, Siloxirane® has proven tooutperform other linings and delivera better return on investment.Siloxirane® is highly effective againstextreme corrosion and erosion, witha temperature resistance capabilityup to 500°F (260°C).

APC and its affiliate company,ChemLine Europe Ltd., have provid-ed ChemLine® coating for hundredsof ISO tank containers, over-theroad tankers and portable tanks.These vessels are in service through-out the world safely carrying eventhe most aggressive chemicals such

as 98% Sulfuric Acid, 37%Hydrochloric Acid, 50% SodiumHydroxide, Methanol, MethyleneChloride, Acetic Acid and others,while delivering an increasedreturn on investment for ownersand operators.

RaiLine® is the pro-tection standard forvessels traveling viarail. RaiLine® is

referred to as the ‘Universal TankLining System’ as it resists thou-sands of chemicals, offering fargreater benefits than stainless steelor lining materials such as highbake phenolics and rubber used onrail tanker cars. RaiLine® alsooffers excellent wear and abrasionresistance when carrying pellets,crystals and other coarse media inrail hopper cars.

TRANSPORT VIA ROAD & RAIL

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For maritime chemical tankers,MarineLine® is the only high performancelining that withstands all IMO approvedchemical cargoes. MarineLine®’s uniquecross-linked polymer structure does notallow a chemical cargo to permeate thetank lining. This answers the critical needsto assure product purity, resist corrosion,and ensure tank cleaning is fast and easy.

Tanks coated with Marineline® are today safely carrying a range of CPP and chemicals including Benzene, MTBE,Palmoils, Vegetable Oils, Phenol,Acrylonitrile, Methanol, EthyleneDichloride, Toluene, Acetic Acid, andmany others. Chemical-carrying tankscoated with MarineLine® over 10 years agoare still in service today. MarineLine® isnow the coating of choice for the maritimechemical tanker industry.

TRANSPORT VIA THE SEA

Use our free CostAnalysis Tool located atwww.adv-polymer.com,or ask for theMarineLine® StoryCD, available from APC.

Many years of studying the operationsof MarineLine® ship owners has produced acomputer program thatallows you to analyzeyour operating cost! Fillin the blanks with youritemized cost and see how much YOU canadd to YOUR BottomLine Profit.

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� Absorbs cargoes to high levels (depending oncargo)

� Absorbs cargo relatively slowly� Releases absorbed cargo very slowly� Small traces may be retained� Subsequent cargo contamination

� Absorbs cargo quickly� Retains oil like cargoes� Subsequent cargo contamination� Limit back hauling capability� Not resistant to acids, caustics, and

acid containing oils and urea

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS ELIMINATE PROBLEMS

Problems with Phenolic Epoxy Coating Problems with Zinc Silicate Coatings

MarineLine® vs Phenolic Epoxy comparisons after 45 days immersion with various cargoes,showing days recovery (desorption) with ventilation @ 30º C.

Absorption/Desorption

CARGO AND ABSORPTION % IMMEDIATELY AFTER DISCHARGE

Tests performed by independent testing laboratory

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After Discharge

and Cleaning

CARGO VOYAGE AFTER DISCHARGE

Swelling due toabsorption

Epoxy withabsorbed cargo

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“MarineLine ® coating resists, without limitations, virtually all common sea-trade cargoes, including also products unsuitable for stainless steel.”

“For chemical-carriers of all IMO classes, MarineLine ®, owing to its unlimited cargo range as well as owing to easier cargo handling and tank cleaning, offers signifi-cant advantages over traditional coatings.”

“Compared to stainless steel tanks, MarineLine ® offersthe same cargo range (limited only by the equipmentmaterial) at a much lower cost.”

Independent tests certify the product purity of cargoes in MarineLine® before and after 30days immersion. MarineLine® performs without any contamination.

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS DELIVER SUPERIOR RESULTS

MarineLine® Product Purity of 11 Different Cargoes Tested

PRODUCT TESTED

Tests certified or performed by DNV, Verwey Labs and other independent labs

For a free copy of this technical report, contact Advanced Polymer Coatings

The followingexcerpts are takenfrom the independ-ent technical reporttitled “Suitability ofMarineLine® forCargo TankCoatings,” preparedby Dr. NorbertAckermann ofAnticorrosionService.

SUITABILITY OF MARINELINE FOR CARGO TANK COATINGS

CONSULENZE PER LA PROTEZIONE ANTICORROSIVA

INDUSTRIALE E NAVALE

del dott. Norbert Ackermann

34128 TriesteVia Valerio, 110/ATel. 040/350093

P. Iva 00565900321C.f. CKR NBR 44C10 Z102Z

Messrs.S.E.C.via del Pescatori 56VIAREGGIO

I refer to your request for a survey of a 2 component coating denominated MARINELINE.

Introduction

MARINELINE is a 2 component paint based on SILOXIRANE, a patented polymer with an organ-

ic/inorganic matrix. More precisely, SILOXIRANE consists of SiO-rings with oxirane end caps,

which react by means of a catalyst forming a homopolymerized thermoset (heat cured) resin with

high chemical resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Due to the small size of SiO-mole-

cules, a very dense, cross-linked molecular structure is formed. Moreover, contrary to other coatings,

there are only strong ether (oxygen to carbon) linkages and no hydroxyl or ester groups, which are

subject to acid attack or hydrolysis. The combination of a very densely cross-linked structure and

strong primary chemical bonds makes the resin impervious to the penetration of the most aggressive

solvents and resistant against acid and alkaline attack. According to the enclosed resistance list, pro-

vided by APS, at ambient temperature MARINELINE coatings resist, without limitations, virtually

all common sea-trade cargoes, including also products unsuitable for stainless steel.

anticorrosion service

Independent Test Results Certify MarineLine’sCorrosion Resistance and Non-Absorption Qualities

At chemical, petrochemical, industrial process-ing and storage facilities, ChemLine® offersoptimal corrosion protection against acids,caustics and solvents. ChemLine® is virtuallyimpermeable so wherever hazardous chemicalspose problems – tanks, pipes, stacks, digesters,and in or around processing equipment –ChemLine® delivers superior long-term performance.

ChemLine® is also versatile, providing superior resistance to more than 98% of all types of chemicals. The coating offers superiorbonding qualities and can even be applied topitted and corroded steel. It is the ideal choicefor safely protecting investments at processingand storage facilities.

ChemSAFE PROCESSING & STORAGE

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ChemLine® is the coatings answer to protect concrete-basedcontainment structures, wastewater tanks, clarifiers, flocculationbasins, neutralization chambers,chemical plant floors and cleanroom floors. Wherever spills occur

and/or protective chemical containmentis needed, ChemLine® is the answer. Dueto ChemLine®’s unique cross-linked polymer structure, chemicals are not ableto permeate the lining, ensuring contain-ment, even against the most aggressivechemicals.

APC also providesChemPrime® as asurface-tolerantprimer and sealer

with high elongation for priming sub-strates. This primer seals and strengthensconcrete and offers crack bridging capa-bility. When overcoated with ChemLine®,the concrete structure is now chemicallyresistant and ready to contain concentrat-ed acids, caustics, and solvents.

SECURE CONTAINMENT & PROTECTION Chem

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PowerLine® coating is specially formulated tohandle the high temperature and abrasion require-ments of the power industry. The coating hasproven to be very effective at preventing corrosion in a number of key areas including flue gas desulfurization systems, stacks, chimneys, ducts, FGD scrubbers, chemical scrubbers, pre-scrubbers, spray towers and fans.

PowerLine® offers very high bond strength of5200 PSI on grit blasted steel and can be appliedto pitted and corroded steel. It resists fly ash abra-sion and the coating’s smooth, low surface energyreduces fly ash buildup in ducts and stacks.PowerLine® delivers superior corrosion and hightemperature resistance up to 500°F (260°C), withexceptional flexibility and toughness.

It is the coating of choice for your most demand-ing power protection requirements.

RELIABLE POWER GENERATION PROTECTION

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MarineLine® Offers Versatile Solutionsfor Clearwater Group Tanker Fleet

ChemLine® Coating Protects StainlessSteel Tanks at ChemicalPlant

RaiLine® Shows NO Deterioration after10 Years of Service

PowerLine® Provides CorrosionResistance for Scrubber in Australia

MarineLine-coated tanks enable this fleetof ships to carry sulfuric, phosphoric, andacetic acids in its cargo tanks, as well as awide range of other aggressive acids, caustics & solvents all covered in the IBCCode. The tankers have made up to 80cargo changes in a year. Cleaning is easily

achieved with hotsalt water, fol-lowed by a freshwater rinse. Thisversatility givesClearwater Groupan exceptionaledge in the market.

A chemical com-pany’s stainless steeltanks were beingeaten away by a bac-teria known as MIC.This micro organism wasintroduced through the tanks’ wastewater system. The bacteria created smallcracks in the tanks’ stainless steel wallswhich were then also attacked by otherchemicals, and the unfiltered waste waterat a 160ºF temperature. The tanks werelined with an APC Siloxirane®-basedcoating, now branded as ChemLine®,which successfully solved this problem.

A smelting services company inAustralia needed to line two largescrubbers used to treat exhaustgasses from furnaces. These corro-sive gasses are essentially prod-ucts of combustion, containinghydrogen fluoride, sulfur diox-ide, sulfur trioxide,condensable organicvapors and nitrogenoxide. APC’sSiloxirane-based coat-ing, now branded asPowerLine®, was usedand has been in serv-ice delivering superiorcorrosion resistance.

CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS

Leading chemical producers have reliedon RaiLine® for over 10 years to protecttheir railcars and hopper cars from cor-rosion and product contamination. Thecars have been used to carry productssuch as 98% sulfuric acid, waste acids,MEA, fertilizers and hundreds of otherproducts. In a recent inspection of sever-al of these cars after 10 years of servicethere is no sign of deterioration of theRaiLine® coating and the rail cars arestill in service.

Advanced Polymer Coatings, Ltd.Avon, OH 44011 U.S.A.Web: www.adv-polymer.comEmail: apc@adv-polymer.comPhone: +01-440-937-6218Fax: +01-440-937-5046

ChemLine (Europe) Ltd.Cheshire, United KingdomWeb: www.chemline-europe.comEmail: enquiries@chemline-europe.comPhone: +44 (0)1625 584444Fax: +44 (0)1625 584455

A WEBSITEDESIGNEDWITH OURCUSTOMERSIN MIND

To learn more about Advanced Polymer Coatings polymer-based high performance coatings –MarineLine®, RaiLine®, ChemLine® and PowerLine®, visitour website. Learn about the various markets APCserves with product-specific coatings. The site offersdownloadable PDFs of all product brochures and a complete chemical resistance guide. Other subjectsinclude a ‘Cost Analysis Tool’ which shows cost savingsand profit potential in coating tanks with MarineLine® onchemical tankers. A brief movie presents the story of

MarineLine® coatings on-board chemical tankers.The website also contains case studies, listings of coated and contracted ships, article reprints, newsupdates, product MSDS, and application specifications.

www.adv-polymer.com

CLIENT LIST Leading-edge companies throughout the world haverelied on Advanced Polymer Coatings to solve theircorrosion-control needs.

3M CorpAlcoaAsarcoB.P. ChemicalsBASFBayer ChemicalBetz LabsBoeing Corp.Bristol Myers

SquibbCargillCelanese

ChemicalsChevron PhillipsCIBA Specialty

ChemicalsClearwater Group

Shipping Coors BreweryClipper Group

Dow ChemicalDuke EnergyDuPont ChemicalEli LillyFormosa Plastics

Corp.GE PlasticsGeorgia PacificGreat Lakes

ChemicalHuntsman

ChemicalCorporation

IMC/AuroraTankers

International PaperLatvian ShippingLockheed MartinMaersk - A.P.

Moeller Shipping

Mead WestvacoMerck ChemicalMonsanto

ChemicalNepcoOccidental

ChemicalPPG IndustriesRhodiaRolls RoyceShell Chemical

CompanyStolthaven

TerminalsVopak TerminalsVought AircraftWeyerhauser