Unit 1.1 B: History of the Earth

APES Period 4

Introduction-Katrina Moore

Many Planets, One EarthMichaela Brost

Solar Nebula

4.65 billion years ago a Solar Nebula, a cloud of gas and dust, collapsed! It’s particles condensed forming planets, asteroids, and other smaller bodies. Most of the matter compacted to form….

Asteroid

The Outer Planets

Jupiter

Neptune

Saturn

Uranus

Farther from the sun, made of Hydrogen and Helium.

The Terrestrial Planets

Venus

Mars

Mercury

Earth

Largely made up of Iron, Silicates, and Magnesium.

Varying AtmospheresMars-- Cold, all water is frozen. Atmosphere 100 times thinner than Earth’s. Clouds of ice and frozen CO2 drift over the surface. !Venus-- A stifling inferno! Surface temperatures greater than 8600 F. Atmosphere 100 times thicker than Earth’s, made up almost completely of CO2. !Earth-- A developed Carbon Cycle keeps Earth habitable. Temperatures vary over the planet but remain liveable.

Work Cited"Asteroid." En.wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid>.

"The Book of Sassafras." : A HYMN to the SUN. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/

2012/06/hymn-to-sun.html>.

Commons.wikimedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_by_Cassini-Huygens.jpg>.

"The Earth Seen from Apollo 17." Wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg>.

"Over 100,000 People Enlist to Colonize Mars." N.p., n.d. Web. <Over 100,000 People Enlist to Colonize Mars>.

"Saturn Fact Sheet." Saturn Fact Sheet. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/

saturnfact.html>.

"Solar System Exploration." N.p., n.d. Web. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury>.

"Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Overview." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Overview. N.p., n.d.

Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune>.

"Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Overview." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Overview. N.p., n.d. Web.

05 Sept. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus>.

"Venus, Second Planet from the Sun, Brightest Planet in Solar System." Space.com. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.space.com/44-venus-second-planet-from-the-sun-brightest-planet-in-solar-system.html>.

Section 3 Reading Geologic Records, McKenna Chase

Section 3 - Nicholas Cochrane

Section 4Carbon Cycling and Earth’s Climate- Cierra Bordwine

Section 4Karis Heidebrecht

Section 5Testing the Thermostat: Snowball Earth Dani Beck

Section 7 Early Life: Single-Celled Organisms (Jennifer Ellis)

First Billion Years: Bacteria and Archaea

The Cambrian Explosion and the Diversification of Animals

Maribeth Villanueva, Period 4

What is The Cambrian Explosion?

“The rapid diversification of multicellular animal life that took place around the beginning of the Cambrian Period. It resulted in the appearance of almost all modern animal phyla.”

What about phyla?“The primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that have the same body plan.”

How did this happen?Growing organisms that later evolved into more complex life forms created an “ecological relationship” that had a distinct role in much larger organisms and a rising oxygen level in the atmosphere. Also, there was a mass extinction at the end of the Proterozoic era, right before the Cambrian, so the environment flourished.

What happened during this?Life took 3 giant steps.

The Evolution of Early MammalsBy: Geoff Ashton

With Old Endings Come New Beginnings

● Mammals were the size of rodents !● KT-Boundary Extinction !● Very few predators !● Held an internal temperature !● Mammal’s went all over Laurasia and

Gondwanaland

Angiosperms

● Dominant form of land plants !

● Seeds were enclosed inside the structure !

● Fertilized ovaries grew !

● Became the main type of plant life

Climate Fluctuations

● Extreme warming in the cenozoic era due to the breakup of Gondwanaland !

● Ocean currents trapped by Antarctica !

● Led to our most recent ice age

Apes in Africa

● Australopithecus !

● The Genus Homo !

● Homo erectus went from Africa to China and Eurasia !

● Homo Sapiens settled in europe, 30,000 years later, North America

Section 9 (Daniel Monsalve)

Key Terms (Vocabulary) Eve Tovar