Unit 1: Maps and Exploration a. Map skills b. Explorers c. Colonies WHAT DO THESE MAPS HAVE IN COMMON? Equator An imaginary, horizontal line on the Earths surface EQUIDISTANT from the North Pole and the South Pole that divides the earth into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere. An imaginary, horizontal line on the Earths surface EQUIDISTANT from the North Pole and the South Pole that divides the earth into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian An imaginary, vertical line that divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Longitude here is 0 degrees. An imaginary, vertical line that divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Longitude here is 0 degrees. Latitude Horizontal lines running East to West that give the location of a place on Earth that is North or South of the equator. Horizontal lines running East to West that give the location of a place on Earth that is North or South of the equator. Longitude Vertical lines running North to South that give the location of a place on Earth that is East or West of the Prime Meridian. Vertical lines running North to South that give the location of a place on Earth that is East or West of the Prime Meridian. Hemisphere Half of the Earth. Can be the northern, southern, eastern, or western. Half of the Earth. Can be the northern, southern, eastern, or western. Scale The ratio of a single unit of distance on the map to the equivalent distance on the ground. The ratio of a single unit of distance on the map to the equivalent distance on the ground. Ex: 1 cm = 100 miles Ex: 1 cm = 100 miles Legend The little box in the corner of the map. It contains icons to tell you what the map is intended to display. The little box in the corner of the map. It contains icons to tell you what the map is intended to display. Compass Rose A figure that displays the orientation of the cardinal directions: North, South, East, West A figure that displays the orientation of the cardinal directions: North, South, East, West Political Map Show governmental boundaries of countries, states, counties. Show governmental boundaries of countries, states, counties. Show the location of major cities Show the location of major cities Physical Map Shows deserts, mountains, plains Shows deserts, mountains, plains Lets practice! Longitude imaginary lines that run north to south, creating the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, measuring the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. N S Latitude Imaginary lines that run east to west creating the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, measuring the distance north or south of the equator. N S Recall: Grid Finding Places N 41N 40N 39N 38N 37N 109W108W107W106W105W104W103W102W Grand Junction Delta Durango Pueblo Colorado Springs Pikes Peak Mt. Elbert Boulder Denver Find 40 N Latitude What city is located at this latitude? What line of Longitude is closest to this city? Latitude is always written first: How would you write the coordinates correctly for the city of Boulder? Practicing Map Skills 1. Which line of Latitude runs near Pikes Peak? 2. Which line of Longitude runs near Pikes Peak? 3. Write the correct location for Pikes Peak using Longitude and Latitude 4. What city is near 39N Latitude, 108W Longitude? 41N 40N 39N 38N 37N 109W108W107W106W105W104W103W102W Grand Junction Delta Durango Pueblo Colorado Springs Pikes Peak Mt. Elbert Boulder Denver Answers 1. 39N W 3. 39 N Latitude, 105 W Longitude 4. Delta 41N 40N 39N 38N 37N 109W108W107W106W105W104W103W102W Grand Junction Delta Durango Pueblo Colorado Springs Pikes Peak Mt. Elbert Boulder Denver What is the coordinates of the City of Durango? 37 N Latitude, 108 W Longitude Age of Exploration/Discovery Period from the early 15th century to the early 17th century when Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trade and goods. The most desired goods were gold, silver and spices. Western Europeans used new sailing ship technologies. Period from the early 15th century to the early 17th century when Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trade and goods. The most desired goods were gold, silver and spices. Western Europeans used new sailing ship technologies. Europeans goldsilverspices Europeans goldsilverspices Circumnavigate To circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship. To circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship.Earth Armada a word of Spanish origin similar to navy or fleet a word of Spanish origin similar to navy or fleet Remember the Spanish Armada of 1588? Remember the Spanish Armada of 1588? Conquistador one of the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who took part in the conquest of large parts of the Americas and Asia, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. one of the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who took part in the conquest of large parts of the Americas and Asia, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries.explorers adventurersconquest AmericasAsia Spanish colonial ruleexplorers adventurersconquest AmericasAsia Spanish colonial rule Big Ten Explorers Columbus Sailed west to Indies Sailed west to Indies Landed on the Bahamas Landed on the Bahamas Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Magellan Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean Sailed through straits of Magellan Sailed through straits of Magellan Died in Philippines Died in Philippines Crew lst to circumnavigate the world Crew lst to circumnavigate the world Prince Henry The Navigator Portuguese Prince Portuguese Prince Set up navigation school Set up navigation school Sent explorers on expeditions along the western African coast to determine the coast line layout Sent explorers on expeditions along the western African coast to determine the coast line layout Learned about currents, wind patterns, & climate Learned about currents, wind patterns, & climate Sought gold for Portugal, rich spice trade & hope to spread the Christian faith Ponce de Leon 1 st to land on the mainland of North America 1 st to land on the mainland of North America Looking for fountain of youth Looking for fountain of youth Sailed for Spain Sailed for Spain Established St. Augustine, Florida Established St. Augustine, Florida Vasco da Gama - Portugal Sailed to India in 1498 Sailed to India in 1498 Got valuable goods for India Got valuable goods for India Coronado Looking for fabled seven cities of gold Looking for fabled seven cities of gold Explored present- day Arizona and New Mexico Explored present- day Arizona and New Mexico Cortes Spanish Conquistador Spanish Conquistador Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma Balboa Spanish Explorer Spanish Explorer Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain Pizzaro Conquered the Incan Empire Conquered the Incan Empire Sailed for Spain Sailed for Spain Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci America was named after him America was named after him Recruited by Spain Recruited by Spain New Advancements in Technology Map making- gave them knowledge of the world; began to believe the world was round Navigation- tools that helped them find where they were going New ships- longer and more narrow; could travel faster narrow; could travel faster What advancements from the Scientific Revolution made Exploration possible? What technological advances were there? Astrolabe An instrument used by navigators to predict the positions of the sun, moon, and planets. It also was used to determine time based on longitude and latitude. An instrument used by navigators to predict the positions of the sun, moon, and planets. It also was used to determine time based on longitude and latitude. Caravel a small, highly maneuverable, ship, created by the Portuguese and used also by them and by the Spanish for long voyages of exploration from the 15th century ship PortugueseSpanishship PortugueseSpanish Gunpowder An explosive mixture of sulfur and charcoal used in firearms as a propellant. An explosive mixture of sulfur and charcoal used in firearms as a propellant. What does this mean for the Native Americans? Compass A navigational instrument used to determine direction based on the magnetic force from the Earths poles A navigational instrument used to determine direction based on the magnetic force from the Earths poles Rudder Part of the outside of the boat that helps steer Part of the outside of the boat that helps steer Hourglass A device that uses the passing of sand to measure time A device that uses the passing of sand to measure time Quadrant (Backstaff) a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of the sun or moon. a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of the sun or moon.navigationalaltitudenavigationalaltitude When observing the sun, users kept the sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. When observing the sun, users kept the sun to their back (hence the name) and observed the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. How did Global wind and current patterns affect where explorers landed? Colony A territory under immediate control of a country. A territory under immediate control of a country. The territory is ruled by the mother country The territory is ruled by the mother country The territory must provide goods and profit to the mother country The territory must provide goods and profit to the mother country Mercantilism There is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and that in order to receive a larger share, one country has to take some wealth away from another country. There is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and that in order to receive a larger share, one country has to take some wealth away from another country. To do so, you MUST export more than you import. To do so, you MUST export more than you import. I smell competition! I smell competition! What role did mercantilism play with the colonies? European powers aimed to colonize overseas lands that were rich in gold, silver, and raw materials that could not be produced at home. European powers aimed to colonize overseas lands that were rich in gold, silver, and raw materials that could not be produced at home. A powerful nation sought to buy raw materials from its own colonies. A powerful nation sought to buy raw materials from its own colonies. Columbian Exchange describes the enormous exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after describes the enormous exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after slaves diseases EasternWestern slaves diseases EasternWestern Triangular Trade Middle Passage the forced transportation of African people from Africa to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade the forced transportation of African people from Africa to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade African people AfricaNew World Atlantic slave trade African people AfricaNew World Atlantic slave trade the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage. the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage.triangular tradetriangular trade Plantation a large estate where cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar cane, or trees are cultivated a large estate where cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar cane, or trees are cultivatedcottontobacco coffeesugar canetreescottontobacco coffeesugar canetrees This system had positive and negative outcomes. Divide into two groups. One group consider the advantages of colonialism, and the other should consider its disadvantages. Each group should write down three legitimate points. This system had positive and negative outcomes. Divide into two groups. One group consider the advantages of colonialism, and the other should consider its disadvantages. Each group should write down three legitimate points. For example: Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new revenue. For example: Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new revenue. Advantages of Colonization 1. New colonies provide land and raw materials 1. New colonies provide land and raw materials 2. New colonies are a market to sell finished products to. 2. New colonies are a market to sell finished products to. 3. Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new revenue. 3. Colonists can be taxed, thus providing new revenue. Disadvantages of Colonization 1. Forcing trade upon colonies interferes with a free market. 1. Forcing trade upon colonies interferes with a free market. 2. Mercantilism only exploits the resources of the new colonies. 2. Mercantilism only exploits the resources of the new colonies. 3. Colonization creates tension towards the Mother Country. 3. Colonization creates tension towards the Mother Country. 7-1.6: Economic Developments of Colonies Entrepreneurs People who start businesses and take risks in order to make a profit. Development of a Market Economy People decide what they are going to buy and sell they make choices! People decide what they are going to buy and sell they make choices! Law of Supply and Demand A person shows demand when they buy something. A person shows demand when they buy something. When the demand for something increases, usually businesses increase the supply of that item. When the demand for something increases, usually businesses increase the supply of that item. What happens if they dont? Middle Class It grew! Poor people got richer and moved on up through participation in the market economy. Capitalism Production for a profit! Production for a profit! The main reasons why European nations colonized new areas was because of mercantilism. A nation made money by exporting more goods than it imported. The main reasons why European nations colonized new areas was because of mercantilism. A nation made money by exporting more goods than it imported. Powerful nations like Britain, France, and Spain realized that they could increase their exports and revenue by creating colonies. Powerful nations like Britain, France, and Spain realized that they could increase their exports and revenue by creating colonies. They were forced to import (buy) the goods of the Mother Country, and the colonists were heavily taxed. They were forced to import (buy) the goods of the Mother Country, and the colonists were heavily taxed. Principles of Mercantilism 1. Gain as much gold and silver as possible. 2. Export more than you import. 3. Tax items it decreases your import cost! (How?) 4. Settle as many colonies as you can! 5. Allow colonies to trade with the mother country only. 6. Dont let the colonies make their own finished goods. Activity! 1. You will be assigned a team. Your team will receive a top secret envelope. The name on the envelope is the mother country you are representing. 2. In each envelope, your country has a list of finished goods it must purchase the raw materials for. Your job as a group is to figure out what materials you need and purchase the right quantities and labor to make your finished goods without going over budget. 3. Along with your envelope, your team will receive money to spend. Each team will get $120 in silver and gold. 4. We will hold a silent auction for your team to obtain the goods it needs. Depending on the location of your countrys colonies, you might get something for free! 5. Winning team is the team who can obtain the most goods for the production of their product and have the most money left over. You win a 100 classwork grade and all the Paw Points used in todays activity to split evenly among yourselves. Auction Process 1. Select a bidder from your group. 2. To make a selection, the bidder must silently hold his or her envelope up when the item and its price are called out. 3. Because it is a silent auction, if you talk you forfeit the good. 4. As long as there are multiple bidders, the price will rise until theres only 1 bidder left. 5. If you are that bidder, you have secured the item. Exit Slip 1. What are 3 principles of mercantilism? 2. How did you use those principles today in our activity? Explain how you used each principle in complete sentences.