Unit 1 Structure of MatterUnit 1 Structure of MatterTest PreparationTest Preparation

True/FalseTrue/False

The volume of a gas can be measured with The volume of a gas can be measured with a graduated cylinder.a graduated cylinder.

Volumes of solids can be expressed in liters Volumes of solids can be expressed in liters or millilitersor milliliters

Weight and mass are the same thing.Weight and mass are the same thing.

Changing the temperature of a gas has no Changing the temperature of a gas has no effect on the volume of the gas.effect on the volume of the gas.

Pressure in a gas-filled container is caused Pressure in a gas-filled container is caused by gas particles hitting the walls of the by gas particles hitting the walls of the container.container.

Compounds cannot be broken down by any Compounds cannot be broken down by any means.means.

Compounds can be broken down only by Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means.chemical means.

Heating can break down some compounds.Heating can break down some compounds.

Which of the following statements is true about an Which of the following statements is true about an object’s weight but NOT about its mass?object’s weight but NOT about its mass?

a.a. It may vary depending on the object’s It may vary depending on the object’s location.location.

b.b. It is a measure of the amount of matter in It is a measure of the amount of matter in the object.the object.

c.c. It is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams It is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).(g).

d.d. It would be the same on the moon as it is It would be the same on the moon as it is on Earth.on Earth.

What happens to a solid object with a density that What happens to a solid object with a density that is less than water when it is placed in water?is less than water when it is placed in water?

a.a. The object sinks about halfway into the The object sinks about halfway into the water.water.

b.b. The object displaces a quantity of water The object displaces a quantity of water greater than its volume.greater than its volume.

c.c. The object settles to the bottom of the The object settles to the bottom of the water.water.

d.d. The object floats on top of the water.The object floats on top of the water.

Which of the following is NOT the result of a Which of the following is NOT the result of a chemical change?chemical change?

a.a. soured milksoured milk c.c. ground flourground flour b.b. rusted metalrusted metal d.d. digested fooddigested food

What makes characteristic properties useful What makes characteristic properties useful to scientists?to scientists?

a.a. They can be either physical or They can be either physical or chemical.chemical.

b.b. They can be used to identify matter.They can be used to identify matter.

c.c. They are easy to observe and They are easy to observe and measure.measure.

d.d. Sample size does not matter.Sample size does not matter.

Which of the following units would be best Which of the following units would be best for describing the volume of mercury for describing the volume of mercury (liquid) used in an experiment?(liquid) used in an experiment?

a.a. grams or kilogramsgrams or kilograms c.c. liters or liters or millilitersmilliliters

b.b. meters or centimetersmeters or centimeters d.d.newtonsnewtons

The motion of a 150 g ball is more difficult to The motion of a 150 g ball is more difficult to change than the motion of a 50 g ball change than the motion of a 50 g ball because the 150 g ball hasbecause the 150 g ball has

a.a. less weight than the 50 g ball.less weight than the 50 g ball. c.c.more mass than the 50 g ball.more mass than the 50 g ball.

b.b. greater density than the 50 g ball.greater density than the 50 g ball. d.d.larger volume than the 50 g ball.larger volume than the 50 g ball.

How does a physical change differ from a How does a physical change differ from a chemical change?chemical change?

a.a. New properties of the matter are New properties of the matter are observed.observed.

b.b. New materials are produced.New materials are produced. c.c. The change always involves heat or The change always involves heat or

light.light. d.d. The composition of the matter is The composition of the matter is

unchanged.unchanged.

Which of the following would be the easiest Which of the following would be the easiest to start moving?to start moving?

a.a. a cart loaded with two potatoesa cart loaded with two potatoes b.b. an empty cart with no potatoesan empty cart with no potatoes c.c. a cart loaded with many sacks of a cart loaded with many sacks of

potatoespotatoes d.d. a cart with one potatoa cart with one potato

Which of the following signs does NOT Which of the following signs does NOT indicate that a chemical change has indicate that a chemical change has happened?happened?

a.a. change in statechange in state b.b. change in color or odorchange in color or odor c.c. foaming or bubbling foaming or bubbling d.d. production of heat or lightproduction of heat or light

Why is freezing water to make ice Why is freezing water to make ice considered a physical change?considered a physical change?

a.a. The ice has some new properties.The ice has some new properties. c.c.The water changes its state.The water changes its state.

b.b. The ice floats on water.The ice floats on water. d.d. The The water changes its identitywater changes its identity

Why would dissolving salt in water be Why would dissolving salt in water be considered a physical change?considered a physical change?

a.a. The salt disappears forever.The salt disappears forever. b.b. The water tastes salty.The water tastes salty. c.c. The salt changes its state.The salt changes its state. d.d. The salt returns if the mixture is The salt returns if the mixture is

heated.heated.

Why would molding clay be considered a Why would molding clay be considered a physical change?physical change?

a.a. The clay changes only its shape.The clay changes only its shape. b.b. The clay changes in composition.The clay changes in composition. c.c. The clay changes only its state of The clay changes only its state of

matter.matter. d.d. The clay changes its identity.The clay changes its identity.

What makes chemical properties so difficult What makes chemical properties so difficult to observe?to observe?

a.a. They result in changes of state.They result in changes of state. b.b. Observing them produces new Observing them produces new

materials.materials. c.c. Wearing protective glasses is Wearing protective glasses is

required.required. d.d. They happen too quicklyThey happen too quickly

How can you tell that baking a cake produces a How can you tell that baking a cake produces a chemical change?chemical change?

a.a. It produces changes of state in the It produces changes of state in the ingredients.ingredients.

b.b. It combines the ingredients to form new It combines the ingredients to form new substances.substances.

c.c. It causes changes that are not reversible.It causes changes that are not reversible.

d.d. It changes physical properties such as It changes physical properties such as color and odor.color and odor.

How can you tell that the electrolysis of How can you tell that the electrolysis of water produces a chemical change?water produces a chemical change?

a.a. It is a reversible reaction.It is a reversible reaction. b.b. It produces a change of state.It produces a change of state. c.c. It requires heat to produce changes.It requires heat to produce changes.

d.d. It changes the composition of matter.It changes the composition of matter.

In a solid, the particlesIn a solid, the particles a.a. overcome the strong attraction overcome the strong attraction

between them.between them. b.b. vibrate in place.vibrate in place. c.c. slide past one another.slide past one another. d.d. move independently of one another.move independently of one another.

Crystalline solidsCrystalline solids a.a. include glass and rubber.include glass and rubber. b.b. may also be liquids.may also be liquids. c.c. have particles that are not in a have particles that are not in a

special arrangement.special arrangement. d.d. have particles in a repeating pattern have particles in a repeating pattern

of rows.of rows.

Orange juiceOrange juice a.a. has a surface tension that is different has a surface tension that is different

from gasoline.from gasoline. b.b. changes volume when poured into a changes volume when poured into a

different container.different container. c.c. has the same viscosity as other has the same viscosity as other

liquids.liquids. d.d. has a definite shape.has a definite shape.

Boyle’s law explains the relationship Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed between volume and pressure for a fixed amount ofamount of

a.a. a solid.a solid. c.c. a gas.a gas. b.b. a liquid.a liquid. d.d. any type of matter.any type of matter.

Which of these factors could affect the Which of these factors could affect the temperature at which water boils?temperature at which water boils?

a.a. the volume of water in the potthe volume of water in the pot b.b. the atmospheric pressure at which the atmospheric pressure at which

the water is heatedthe water is heated c.c. the amount of energy added to the the amount of energy added to the

waterwater d.d. the type of fuel used to heat the waterthe type of fuel used to heat the water

A drop of vinegar will flow and spread out but a A drop of vinegar will flow and spread out but a drop of vegetable oil will form a bead. This is drop of vegetable oil will form a bead. This is evidence thatevidence that

a.a. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vinegar.and lower viscosity than vinegar.

b.b. vinegar has a lower surface tension and vinegar has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vegetable oil.lower viscosity than vegetable oil.

c.c. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vinegar.and higher viscosity than vinegar.

d.d. vinegar has a lower surface tension and vinegar has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vegetable oil.higher viscosity than vegetable oil.

The melting point of salt is the same as itsThe melting point of salt is the same as its a.a. boiling point.boiling point. c.c. freezing point.freezing point. b.b. condensation point.condensation point. d.d. sublimation sublimation

point.point.

In order for carbon dioxide gas to enter the In order for carbon dioxide gas to enter the air from dry ice, the dry ice mustair from dry ice, the dry ice must

a.a. gain energy.gain energy. c.c. increase in increase in pressure.pressure.

b.b. boil.boil. d.d. undergo an exothermic undergo an exothermic change.change.

Which of the following statement is NOT true of all Which of the following statement is NOT true of all different types of matter?different types of matter?

a.a. They are made up of atoms and They are made up of atoms and molecules.molecules.

b.b. The particles that make them up are The particles that make them up are always in motion.always in motion.

c.c. They are made up of extremely small They are made up of extremely small particles.particles.

d.d. The particles that make them up move at The particles that make them up move at the same speed.the same speed.

Boyle’s law explains the relationship Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure forbetween volume and pressure for

a.a. a small amount of a gas.a small amount of a gas. b.b. a large amount of a liquid. a large amount of a liquid. c.c. a fixed amount of a gas.a fixed amount of a gas. d.d. a fixed amount of a liquid.a fixed amount of a liquid.

When two or more elements join together When two or more elements join together chemically,chemically,

a.a. a compound is formed.a compound is formed. b.b. a mixture is formed.a mixture is formed. c.c. a substance that is the same as the a substance that is the same as the

elements is formed.elements is formed. d.d. the physical properties of the the physical properties of the

substances remain the same.substances remain the same.

The physical properties of compounds do The physical properties of compounds do NOT includeNOT include

a.a. melting point.melting point. b.b. density.density. c.c. reaction to light. reaction to light. d.d. color.color.

How do elements join to form compounds?How do elements join to form compounds? a.a. randomlyrandomly c.c. in a ratio of 1 to 8in a ratio of 1 to 8 b.b. in a specific mass ratioin a specific mass ratio d.d. as the as the

scientist plans itscientist plans it

What is a solid solution of a metal or What is a solid solution of a metal or nonmetal dissolved in a metal?nonmetal dissolved in a metal?

a.a. suspensionsuspension c.c. colloidcolloid b.b. alloyalloy d.d. compoundcompound

What is true about particles in both solutions What is true about particles in both solutions and colloids?and colloids?

a.a. Particles cannot scatter light.Particles cannot scatter light. c.c.Particles are soluble.Particles are soluble.

b.b. Particles can settle out.Particles can settle out. d.d.Particles cannot be filtered.Particles cannot be filtered.

One way to learn about the properties of One way to learn about the properties of a(n) ____________________ substance a(n) ____________________ substance is to observe what new substances form is to observe what new substances form during a reaction.during a reaction.

A chemical ____________________ A chemical ____________________ describes the process by which new describes the process by which new substances are formed.substances are formed.

The amount of matter in an object is its The amount of matter in an object is its ____________________.____________________.

The SI unit for mass is the The SI unit for mass is the ____________________.____________________.

The way a balloon decreases in volume The way a balloon decreases in volume when the temperature is decreased when the temperature is decreased illustrates ____________________.illustrates ____________________.

In a(n) ____________________ change, In a(n) ____________________ change, energy is added to a substance.energy is added to a substance.

The amount of space that an object takes up The amount of space that an object takes up is its ____________________.is its ____________________.

A state of matter with fixed volume, but not a A state of matter with fixed volume, but not a fixed shape, is a ____________________.fixed shape, is a ____________________.

If hydrogen peroxide is exposed to light, a If hydrogen peroxide is exposed to light, a ____________________ will result.____________________ will result.

If a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of If a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of water, the salt is the water, the salt is the ____________________.____________________.

Match each item with the correct Match each item with the correct statement.statement.a.a. centrifugecentrifuge f.f. suspensionsuspensionb.b. solutesolute g.g. distillationdistillationc.c. solventsolvent h.h. solutionsolutiond.d. colloidcolloid i.i. concentrationconcentratione.e. mixturemixture j.j. solubilitysolubility

combination of two or more substances that combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combinedare not chemically combined

homogeneous mixture of two or more homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phasethroughout a single phase

substance that dissolves in a solventsubstance that dissolves in a solvent

substance in which a solute dissolvessubstance in which a solute dissolves

amount of a substance in a given quantity of amount of a substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or orea mixture, solution, or ore

ability of one substance to dissolve in ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and another at a given temperature and pressurepressure

mixture in which particles of a material are mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gasa liquid or gas

mixture consisting of tiny particles that are mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensionssolutions and those in suspensions

process that separates a mixture based on process that separates a mixture based on the boiling points of the componentsthe boiling points of the components

machine that separates mixtures by the machine that separates mixtures by the densities of the componentsdensities of the components

Short AnswerShort Answer

Explain why compounds are considered Explain why compounds are considered pure substances.pure substances.

Essay QuestionsEssay Questions

After a tree is cut with a chain saw, it is After a tree is cut with a chain saw, it is impossible to put the tiny wood chips back impossible to put the tiny wood chips back together. The process cannot be reversed. together. The process cannot be reversed. Does this mean that cutting trees with a Does this mean that cutting trees with a chain saw causes a chemical change in chain saw causes a chemical change in the wood? Explain why or why not.the wood? Explain why or why not.

Explain why more time is required to boil Explain why more time is required to boil pasta in Denver, Colorado, than in New pasta in Denver, Colorado, than in New Orleans, Louisiana.Orleans, Louisiana.

To create special effects for movies and To create special effects for movies and television shows, technicians often pour television shows, technicians often pour water over solid carbon dioxide, also water over solid carbon dioxide, also called dry ice. What effect does this called dry ice. What effect does this produce? Explain your answer.produce? Explain your answer.

On Thanksgiving Day a big parade is held in On Thanksgiving Day a big parade is held in New York City with many giant helium-New York City with many giant helium-filled balloons. How will the weather affect filled balloons. How will the weather affect the inflation of the balloons? Explain your the inflation of the balloons? Explain your answer.answer.