UNIT 1THE NATURE OF SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1:Biology and You

STANDARDSOF

MEASUREMENT

Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word

Kilo k 1,000 Thousand

Hecto h 100 Hundred

Deca da 10 Ten

Deci d 0.1 Tenth

Centi c 0.01 Hundredth

Milli m 0.001 Thousandth

Base

METRIC SYSTEM

Volume?Liter (L)milliter (mL)

gram (g)kilogram (kg)milligram (mg)

Mass?

Distance?meter (m)kilometer (km)centimeter (cm)millimeter (mm)

Base Units

English System Metric System

1 inch1 foot

2.5 cm0.3048 meter

1 mile 1.6 kilometer

1 cup1 quart4 quarts (1 gal)

0.24 liters0.95 liter3.8 liters

1 ounce1 pound

28 grams0.5 kilogram

Distance

Volume

Mass

k h da BASE d c m

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

1. 20 km = ____ meters

Decimal moves: k h da m = 3 times to the right

= 20,000 m

2. 200 mg = ______ grams

gram d c m = 3 times to the left

= 0.2 g

Examples:

Metric Conversionskilo hecto deca BASE deci centi milli

Unit = Celsius

Freeze 0oCBoil 100oCBody 37oCRoom Temp 20-25oC

Temperature =

32o C212oC

98.6oC70-80oC

EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT

MassTriple Beam BalanceUnit?

DistanceMeter StickMetric RulerUnit?

VolumeGraduated CylinderBeakerErlenmeyer FlaskUnit?

MicroscopeGlass SlideCover Slip

RandomTest TubeTest Tube ClampPetri DishPipetteSyringeScalpelForceps

TemperatureThermometer (Celsius)Hot PlateUnit?

TimeStop WatchUnit?

LABORATORY SAFETY

Chemical Safety

Fire Safety

Safety Symbols

THESCIENTIFIC

METHOD

Scientific Method 6 Steps:

1. Identify the problem/ Form a question

3. Hypothesis

4. Controlled Experiment

4.

2. Observations

5. Record and Analyze Data

6. Conclusion

Maggots “appear” on Meat

1. Problem/Question:

2. OBSERVATIONS: (relevant to question)

3. HYPOTHESIS: (educated guess) Has to be testable

“If.., then…” statement

4. EXPERIMENT- Controlled Experiment = only one variable

is changed.- Variable = factors that can change.

PROCEDURE

Controlled Variables:

Manipulated Variables:“Independent Variable”

Uncovered jars Covered jars

Several days pass

Maggots appear No maggots appearResponding Variable: “Dependent Variable”

Keep the same

Change intentionally

Changes due to IV

5. RECORD and ANALYZE DATA:- Quantitative = numbers by measuring or counting

(Chart/Graph)- Qualitative = description (chart)

6. CONCLUSION:

“The Hypothesis was correct. Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat.”

-Hypothesis correct/incorrect-Statement of results- Errors and Improvements

Several days pass

Maggots appear No maggots appear

Scientific Method

1. Question

2. Observe

3. Hypothesis

4. Experiment

5. Data

6. Conclusion

If IV, then DV

“Controlled”Variables

Publish experimentalresults in a ScientificJournal.

repetitionand validity

Allows?

Theory = A well tested explanation that unifiesa broad range of observations

Other Theories?

Law =A natural phenomenon that has been proven to occur invariably whenever certain conditions are met.

GRAPHING

= a visual display of information or data

Graph?

Line Graph

Bar Graph

Circle/Pie Graph

Independent Variable

“X-axis”Horizontal Axis =

“Y-axis”

Vertical Axis =

Dependent Variable

???

Which factory had the least amount of defective Cars?How many did this factory have?

B

17 per 1000 cars

Between what 2 point of mileage does a car’s value decrease the most?How much value does a car’s value depreciate over this period?

20,000- 40,000

$4,000

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFEAND

THEMES OF BIOLOGY

Characteristics of Life• Order• Reproduction• Growth and Development• Energy Utilization• Response to the Environment• Homeostasis• Evolutionary Adaptation

Order Reproduction Growth and Development

Response to Environment Homeostasis

Energy Utilization

Evolutionary Adaptation

THEMES OF BIOLOGY

1. Cell structure and Function

2. Reproduction

3. Metabolism

4. Homeostasis

5. Heredity

6. Evolution

7. Interdependence

1. Cell structure and Function2. Reproduction

3. Metabolism

4. Homeostasis5. Heredity6. Evolution7. Interdependence

Carcharodon carcharias

4. Homeostasis

6. Evolution

1. Cell structure and Function

3000 teeth

3. Metabolism

7. Interdependence

2. Reproduction

5. Heredity

Unit 1: The Nature of Science Test

Graphing-X and Y axes-IV and DV-Bar and Line Graphs

Chapter 1-Characteristics of life-Themes of biology

Metric System-Base units (length, volume, mass)-Prefixes-Metric Conversions

Equipment-Names-Use

Safety-Chemical, Fire, Electrical

Labs-Green Bean-Vitruvian Man

Scientific Method-Purpose-Steps-Variables

UNIT 1REVIEW

END

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

ExampleTo convert 90o C F

F = (1.8 X 90) + 32F = 162 + 32F = 19490o C = 194o F

F = (1.8 x C) + 32

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

ExampleTo convert 82o F C

C = (F - 32) / 1.8

C = (82 - 32) / 1.8C = 50 / 1.8C = 27.882o F = 27.8o C