Unit 11 ch. 19-21

Unit 11Age of Revolutions and Rebellions: Asia & the West Age of Revolutions and RebellionsSSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. a. Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. b. Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America (1808-1825). c. Explain Napoleons rise to power, the role of geography in his defeat, and the consequences of Frances defeat for Europe d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.

The Interaction of China and Japan with WesternersSSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry. Chinese IdealismThe culture at this time viewed outsiders as inferior barbarians

The Portuguese Around 1514, the Portuguese reached ChinaEventually set up trade Chinese let them set up a trading station in Macao

JesuitsThey used their knowledge of astronomy to get into the emperor's inner circle Emperor was in charge of predictions of eclipses and timing of the seasonsHelped revise the Chinese calendarThe emperor began appointing Jesuit missionaries to official positionsThe Jesuits gradually gained power economic and political, as well as spiritual.

JesuitsTheir power aroused jealousy and concern among some leadersQing rulers began to turn on the JesuitsEmperors realized that the Chinese Catholics were expected to promise faith and allegiance to the pope.It was feared this would undermine the peoples loyalty to the throne and bring about rebellion and overthrow.

JesuitsChristianity was denounced as anti-ConfucionThe number of converts dwindledChina also deported European missionaries to Macao

BritishDuring the late 1600s the British established a trading post at GuangzhouThe came to buy silk and tea. Tea was brought to China by the DutchGreat Britain was a land of tea drinkers and regarded Chinese tea as the best in the world

BritishThe British East India Company monopolized the new trade in Chinese teaThe British agreed to the Chinese restrictionsThey could only dock at Guangzhou, live in special quarters outside the city wall, and only deal with officially approved Chinese merchants

BritishThe policies worked for a whileMinimum contact between the Chinese and British was kept to a minimumIn the late 1700s, there were two new developments:New ideas about tradeThe sale of opiumFree Trade IdeasFree trade developed in the West as a reaction to mercantilismSupporters of free trade argued that the government should not restrict or interfere with international tradeOthers resented the British East India Companys monopoly on tea trade

Free Trade IdeasThe British government became involved in the trade matters because it wanted new overseas markets to sell their goods.The Chinese did not allow more portsIn 1833, the British East India Companys monopoly on trade with China was abolishedThe company basically failed

Opium TradeBritain traded cotton from India for teaThere was a limited demand for the cotton China needed.Britain wanted more and more tea.Britain needed a new product to tradeIt was opium

Opium - a narcotic substance, poisonous in large doses. It causes dullness or inaction or that soothes the mind or emotions.

The Opium War (1839-1842_

PRESS16Opium Wars 1839-1842Opium addiction in China was on the rise.When the Chinese tried to forcibly stop the opium trade, war broke out.China was no match for the British fleet which included iron-hulled steam ships.In 1842, the British took control of the region near Nanjing.The Chinese were ready to negotiate.

Opium Wars 1839-1842

Treaty of NanjingChina had to give Hong Kong to the BritishThe Chinese also had to open 5 ports for British trade.British goods had fixed, low tariffs.Ports were governed by the British and court cases would be tried in British courtsExtraterritoriality the requirement that foreigners must follow the laws of their home country instead of the laws of the country in which they live.

ResultsOther countries wanted treaties with China to have new markets for their goods.China had signed the earlier treaties under the pressure of defeat and fear of invasion.These are called unequal treaties.

Unequal TreatiesChina went to war with the British again over a trade dispute.The French sided with ChinaChina lost againThe Chinese were forced to sign another treaty.More ports along the Yangtze riverA British embassy in BeijingA long-term lease of China mainland opposite Hong KongChinese had to protect Christian missionaries and their convertsOther foreign countries followedTaiping Rebellion

PressTaiping Rebellion 1850-1864Led by Hong Xiuquan Influenced by Christian teachingsSaid he was the younger brother of JesusEstablished the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace with himself as kingBanned slavery, concubinage, arranged marriage, opium, footbinding, judicial torture, and the worship of idols

Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864Terrible destructions to southern China and the Yangtze valleyMillions were killedCities and farmland destroyedMuslims in central and western China launched their own rebellionsThe Qing finally put down these rebellions in the late 1870s

ResultsWeakened the Qing dynasty and the nationForeign powers took advantage and demanded more concessions and portsForeign interference in Chinas political and economic affairsWeakened Chinas power to rule its government and undermined the emperors prestigeReduced the countrys control of its own economy

JapanTokugawa ShogunsMatthew Perry

Commodore Matthew Perry The man who unlocked unlocked Japan

PressMatthew PerryPart of Japans isolation plan was not to harbor ships from other nations during storms

It angered Westerners

Western nations wanted to open trade with Japan like China.

Treaty of Kanagawa

PressTreaty of KanagawaIn 1853 President Millard Fillmore sent Perry and a powerful naval force to JapanHe was sent to negotiate a treaty to guarantee the safety of U.S. sailors and open ports for U.S. trade

In a show of force and dignity, he ceremoniously presented the letter from the presidentHe would return a year later for their answerTreaty of KanagawaAfter debate and controversy, the shogun reluctantly agreed to negotiate with Perry when he returned

Japan opened 2 ports to let Americans obtain fuel, shelter, and suppliesTrade began between the 2 nationsWithin 2 years, Japan signed similar treaties with other European Countries.

Tokugawa IeyasuLife in Tokugawa Japan was peaceful but heavily controlled by the shogunal government. After a century of chaotic warfare, the Tokugawa Peace was much-needed.All people were confined to their traditional roles (class structure)

Tokugawa IeyasuJapanese Christians were first banned from practicing their religion in 1614 by Tokugawa Hidetada.All citizens are required to register with their local Buddhist temple.Any who refused were considered disloyal.Christian peasants revolted but was stamped out by the shogunate.Tokugawa IeyasuAfterward, Japanese Christians were exiled, executed or driven underground, and Christianity faded from the country.

Despite some heavy-handed tactics, the Tokugawa shoguns presided over a long period of peace and relative prosperity in Japan.