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Unit 12Reconstruction
12.1Civil War Effects
Reconstruction Era 1865-1877
Period after Civil War
Issue: How South would be
admitted back into Union
Freedmans bureau Expanded education
purposes
Helped freed slaves food, clothing, and medical care
Asked for: “20 acres and mule”
Black Codes laws passed in the South
during Reconstruction to limit the opportunities for freedmans.
Made it Illegal to: Hold public office Travel freely Serve on juries
Compromise of 1877 The election of 1876 was
very close
Congress would decide who would win the election
In a deal with Southern states, Rutherford B Hayes promised to remove soldiers if they voted for him to win the election
12.2Reconstruction Legislation (LAWS)
Civil Rights Bill Guaranteed freedman’s
rights
AKA: 14th amendment
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Union established military rule over former Confederate states
Union troops helped register freedman to vote
Former Confederate leaders could not vote
Jim Crow Laws laws passed to bypass
laws created by the Radical Republicans(North)
Jim Crow laws functioned to keep black and white people separated:
Schools, marriage, voting
Examples: No colored person shall
serve as a barber [to] white women or girls.
Separate rooms [shall] be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent
Homestead Act of 1862 Any citizen could occupy
160 acres of land
If the property were “improved” after 5 yrs the owner would be given the land
Attracted poor people and immigrants
1.4 million homestead sites were granted
Dawes Act Purpose was to protect the
Indian society
Each indian family was given 160 acres
The surplus was taken by the Gov’t
Tribal ownership disappeared
The Indian culture was greatly affected
Morril Act Each state was given
30,000 acres of land per congress member Ex: 30,000 x 20=600,000
State would sell land and use $ to fund public colleges Ex: A&M - Tech schools
12.3People During Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson Took over for Lincoln
after was assasinated
Followed Lincoln’s plan for leniency toward Southern states
Pardoned most rebel leaders
Was almost impeached He fired the security of
war which was unconstitutional
Rutherford B Hayes Became the 19th POTUS b/c
of the Compromise of 1877
Compromise states that in a POTUS election run-off (tie) Hayes would win if Federal troops were removed and Reconstruction ended
his victory ended Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers/Scalawags Scalawags:
Southerners who sided with the North
Carpetbaggers: Northerners who went
South
Sharecroppers Were given land, tools, livestock from plantation owners
Plantation owners took advantage of the uneducated farmers
(Credit Card example)
Were slaves to their loans
Created fake money
Made sharecroppers buy overpriced tools from them with fake money
Klu Klux Klan Secret society
Sought to destroy the Republican party in the South
Intimidated free African-americans and any race who helped them
Hiram Rhodes Revels US Senator
1st African American senator
Elected in 1870
Spoke out against racial segragation
Helped recruit African Americans during War