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Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold...

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Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF
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Page 1: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s

OHS HISTORY STAFF

Page 2: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Learning Objectives

• Describe the competition between the U.S.A and the Soviet Union

• Describe the Cold War arms race and economic competition

• Understand the Cold War alliances of NATO, SEATO and Warsaw Pact

• Analyze the causes and effects of the Second Red Scare

• Describe the causes, course, and consequences of the Korean War

• Explain the Cold War polices during President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s administration

• Explain the fears of Americans surrounding nuclear holocaust, weapons stockpiling, and the use of nuclear weapons

Page 3: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Big Concepts

• Following World War 2 the United States and the Soviet Union became enemies.

• These two new super powers competed over global influence and expansion of political and economic ideology

• Both super powers forged new alliances to deter one another from gaining a military advantage

• President Truman developed a Cold War policy known as containment.

• The goals of containment were to “contain” communism where it was and to prevent its spread.

• The United States and the Soviet Union’s first Cold War battlefield was over influence in postwar Germany.

• Germany and its capital of Berlin had been split into four economic zones

• Stalin sought to push the western democracies out of Berlin.

Page 4: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Key Vocabulary

• Yellow = Must Copy

• Green = Copy if time permits

Page 5: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Cold War

• Political and military struggle between the United States and its democratic allies and the Soviet Union and its communist allies.

Page 6: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

NATO

• American led European military alliance

• Collective security against communist aggression

Page 7: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Warsaw Pact

• Soviet led Eastern European military alliance

• Created in response to NATO

Page 8: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Containment

• American foreign policy stance towards the Soviet Union

• The belief in containing communism where it is and preventing its spread

Page 9: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Truman Doctrine

• President Truman’s containment policy of providing military and financial aid to countries battling communism.

• Used to prevent the spread of communism to Greece and Turkey

Page 10: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Marshall Plan

• an American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe to prevent the expansion of communist ideology

• The United States transferred over $12 billion in economic recovery programs to Western European economies

• Happy people in a democracy = no communist overthrow

• Boosted the American economy

• Led to many American allies

Page 11: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition
Page 12: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Berlin Airlift• Following World War 2 Germany was divided into two zones

between the United States and the Soviet Union.

• Berlin, the capital, was divided in two and was in the Soviet zone.

• Stalin was upset by the western democracies working together to rebuild West Germany and decided to blockade Berlin and force America to withdraw from the city.

• America and its allies flew supplies into its half of the city

• Stalin couldn’t shoot the planes down because it would start a war and he didn’t have atomic bombs yet.

• Stalin gives up the blockade leading to an American Cold War victory

Page 13: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Second Red Scare• The tension between the United States and

communist Soviet Union led to a wave of fear and anxiety at home.

• The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb in 1949, shocking American experts.

• Communist spies and agents were feared to be operating in the United States government.

Page 14: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

McCarthyism

• Politicians used the fear of communism to gain power and influence.

• Senator Joseph McCarthy is best known for this.

• With little to no evidence he accused hundreds of government and military personnel of working for the communists.

Page 15: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Blacklisting

• Congress created the House Un-American Activities Committee to search for communists in American society.

• Hollywood was targeted because of its influence on American culture.

• Many writers, directors, and actors lost their jobs and were blacklisted from working in the film business.

Page 16: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

• Accused of overseeing a spy network that stole American atomic secrets and handing those over to the Soviet Union

• the couple were the only spies executed during the Cold War.

Page 17: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Korean War• After WW2 – Korea was split in half at the 38th Parallel. North =

Communist , South = Non-Communist

• North Korea’s neighbor, China had recently been taken over by communists and supports North Korea’s invasion of South Korea.

• The United States lobbies the United Nations to intervene.

• Fearful of the spread of communism, known as the domino theory, the United States intervenes and saves South Korea at the Battle of Inchon.

• The North is almost defeated but the Chinese army attacks the United States and pushes American forces back to the 38th parallel.

• The war starts in 1950 an ends in 1953

• 54,000 American soldiers were killed in this “forgotten war”

Page 18: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower

• President following Harry Truman.

• President from 1953-1961

• Cold War Policies• Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the brink of war to stop communism

• “Peaceful coexistence” – Belief that USA and USSR could exist together without fighting.

• Feared military industrial complex – felt military industry had too much power

Page 20: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition
Page 21: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

Nuclear Fears

• Atomic Testing – Large number of bigger and more destructive atomic bombs were tested above ground. Banned in 1959.

• Civil Defense – organized non-military effort to prepare Americans for military attack

• Fallout Shelters – underground bunker for protection from atomic explosions

• Impact of Sputnik – Soviets launch first satellite into orbit sparks fears USA is behind in the Cold War. Leads to the Space Race.

• Mutual Assured destruction – Concept that if WW3 occurred both sides would be destroyed

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Page 23: Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s - MR. BOROMBOZIN · 2020-02-03 · Unit 19: The Early Cold War 1945-1950s OHS HISTORY STAFF. Learning Objectives •Describe the competition

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