Unit 2

Topics 1 – 4

5 & 8

DO NOT ANSWERS QUESTIONS 6 AND 7

Topic 1: Population Dynamics

• Demographic Transition Model

• Population Pyramids

Optimum Population

• Over population

• Under population

• How can it be managed?

• China One Child Policy

• Singapore have 3 or more

Topic 2: Consuming resources

• Non – renewable – cannot be remade, can only be used once.

• Renewable – replaces itself

• Recyclable – resources that can be deliberately renewed e.g. wood

Alternative resources: Benefits & Costs

• Tar sand oil

• Bio fuels

• Solar energy

Named resources and consumption: Oil

• ‘For a named resources describe the inequalities in its consumption.’

• Oil

• Sub Saharan Africa• USA• China

Consumption theories

Reducing our resources

• Recycling• Get on your bike• Conservation• Why don’t people do it?

How can technology save the day?

• Hydrogen economy

• Solar panels

• Wind turbines

Topic 3: Globalisation

• Clark Fisher Model

Work and working conditions

• Ethiopia (developing country)*informal sector*

• China (NIC)

• UK (developed country)

The Global economy

Players

Networks

Flows

Major players: TNCs, WTO, IMF, World Bank, UN

TNCs

• Characteristics: Multinational, head offices & designers in developed countries, manufacturing in developing countries.

• Secondary sector Example: Toyota HQ Japan, Global manufacturing to be close to the market and overcome tax barriers.

• Tertiary sector example: Tesco HQ UK, products from all over the world e.g. flowers from Kenya

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

• This is when one country became involved in the business of another. For example in the past the UK invested into China so they could set factories up there.

• Now China are investing in parts of Africa e.g. Sudan.

• Do they do this to help the country or for their own gain?

Topic 4: Development Dilemmas• What is development?

• Measuring development:• Gross Domestic Product• Human Development Index• Happy Planet Index• Gender Inequality Index

• ‘Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using the Human development index.’ (6 marks)

The development gap• Named example: Tanzania

• Barriers to development:• Corruption• Lack of equality• Drought• HIV/Aids (1.4 m)• High fertility rates• Global oil and food prices

• ‘For two of the problems shown above describe how they are barriers to development.’ (4 marks)

Development theories

• The Rostow model

• Traditional society • Pre conditions for take off• Take off• Drive to maturity • High mass consumption

‘What is the Rostow model and why has it been criticised?’

Development approaches

• Top down: Three Gorges Dam, China/ San Antonia Dam, South America

• Bottom Up: Hand pumps in Tanzania/ Micro – hydro dams, Peru

• ‘Using named examples compare the main features of a top down and bottom up approach.’ (6 marks)

Topic 5: The Changing economy of the UK

• Primary sector changes – Agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining

• Secondary sector changes – Deindustrialisation vs. growth in luxury car industry

• Tertiary and quaternary sectors – growth since 1970s

Contrasting regions: north East and South east England

• North east• Used to be dominated by steel production.• In 1971 manufacturing accounted for 40% of

jobs by 1996 on 24%.• Tried to attract new companies through

Enterprise zone. • High unemployment 11.6%

South East

• Low unemployment: 6.3%• Centre of service industries e.g. health and

education.• Many HQ based here. • All major motorways and transport services link to

here.• 4 major airports.• Large skilled work force. • Close to decision makers e.g. governement

• ‘Explain the main differences in the industrial structures and workforce of two contrasting areas of the UK.’ ( 8 marks)

Impacts of chnaging workj on people: Glasgow

• Major power in early 1900s.• DEINDUSTRIALISED IN 1970S +S & -S• Regeneration as City of Culture 1990 +S & -S

• YOU CAN USE LIVERPOOL AS AN EXAMPLE OF A PLACE OF CHANGE

Green and brownfield sites

• Greenfield: Dudley, West Midlands built 334 homes

• Brownfield: Longbridge built new shops and restaurants. Can use London Olympics

• ‘Describe costs and benefits of developing both on a brownfield and greenfield site.’ (8 marks)

Diversification in employment (new jobs!)

• Green sector jobs

• The digital economy

• Education and research

• Self employment

Topic 8: The challenges of a rural world

• ‘Using named examples, explain the challenges facing rural areas in the developing world.’ (6 marks)

• Problems facing rural developing world• Agriculture – climate change, desertification• Population change• Urbanisation• Human hazards e.g. HIV• GlobalisationRural poverty

Problems facing rural developed word

• Depopulation• Close of village shops• Tourist hotspots e.g. lake Windermere• Survival of farming

Who can improve livelihoods?

• UK• Local government, county planners, NGOs, EU,

private companies

• Uganda• National governments, IGOs, NGOs

Developing world Example: Crops and a shop: Ethiopia

• FARM – Africa (NGO)

• Provide people with bottom up apporaches o help survive drought e.g. irrigation schemes.

• Also provide loans which can be used to improve crops and open small shops.

Improving rural infrastructure

• Transport• Water and sewage disposal• Healthcare and education• Energy• Communications

• Which do you think is most important and why?

Developed work example: Farm Diversifaction

• Not making enough money from crops? How can you boost income?

• Organic crops• Farm shop• Caravan site• Café• Shooting• Paint balling• Wind turbines

Making farming greener in the developed world

• Arable rotation

• Organic farming

• Drip irrigation

• Hedgerows