Unit 2 Exam Cell Cell organelles Plant and Animal Tissue Cell Membrane Cell Transport Cell Communication
Transcript
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Unit 2 Exam Cell Cell organelles Plant and Animal Tissue Cell
Membrane Cell Transport Cell Communication
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What is the pathway a secretory protein as it is synthesized in
the cell and released?
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Ribosome Rough ER Golgi Body Secretory vesicle Plasma
membrane
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This is a polymer of the protein tubulin that is found in
cilia, flagella and spindle fibers
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Microtubule
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Cells that lack membrane bound organelles are called
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Prokaryotic cells
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These proteins traverse the entire cell membrane.
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Transmembrane proteins
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This organelle is a set of flattened sacs that are stacked;
vessicles are secreted from the trans face.
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The Golgi Body
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This organelle contains pores to allow RNA and other molecules
to pass to the cytoplasm.
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The nuclear membrane
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Bacteria contain DNA in a nucleus.true or false?
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False, DNA is a coiled structure called a
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Nucleoid
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When a cell takes in liquid by means of endocytosis, is is
called
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pinocytosis
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These are found on the Rough ER and free floating in the
cytoplasm; made in the nucleolus.
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Ribosomes
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These organelles are not found in animal cells.
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Cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts, glyoxysomes
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What do glyoxysomes do?
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Convert fat to carbohydrates in plants
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What are the fundamentals of living things?
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Cellular organiization Growth Sensitivity Development
Reproduction Regulation Heredity Homeostasis
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This type of microscope provides and image only visible on a
computer and the image is a 3-D view of the surface of the
object.
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A Scanning Electron Microscope
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What are some adaptaions to large cells to accomidate efficient
transport of materials?
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Flattened Elongated Villi present Dimples
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This organelle contains an internal membrane system called
cristae.
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The Mitochondria
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This theory suggests that the mictochondria and chloroplast
were once free living prokaryotes.
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The Theory of Endosymbiosis
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The cytoskeleton is an interior network to hold organelles and
proteins in place, as well as keeping the cells structure. It is
made of these three substances.
During osmosis across the cell membrane, water moves through
special pores called
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Aquaporins
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Which is hypertonic? The cell or the solution? 10% sucrose 5%
NaCl
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The cell is hypertonic to the environment
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In which environment will the cell swell because the cell is
hypertonic? water 2% sucrose10% sucrose
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None (In each case the cell is hypotonic and will loose
mass.)
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These are examples of bulk transport
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Endocytosis, exocytosis, and bulk flow(due to pressure)
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Nerve cells must utilize the sodium-potassium pump to maintain
what balance of sodium and potassium ions?
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Low sodium and high potassium in, high sodium and low potassium
out
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Give another reason why any cell would need to keep hig sodiu
outside and low sodium in.
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There is a concentration gradient that forces sodium back into
the cell through coupled channels. This allows other substances to
enter (calcium, glucose) Coupled transport and counter
transport
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This type of cell to cell contact is needed to allow passage of
material to adjacent cells without leaking.
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Tight junctions
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These cell junctions adhere cells to each other in animal
tissue.
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Desmosomes
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These types of junctions are necessary on tissue that may be
under mechanical stress, like muscles and skin; they attach
cytoskeletons
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Anchoring junctions
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This communicating junction in plant cells, allows one cell to
pass substances to another due to the connection of ERs
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Plasmodesmata
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These junctions in animal tissue do not touch and release
substances across a synaptic gap. Where are they found?
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Gap junctions found in nerve tissue
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When cells signal one another, some signals are long lived,
reach distant organs by way of the circulatory system. These
signals are called.
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Endocrine signals
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These are endocrine signaling molecules
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Hormones
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Neurotransmitters are signals of what type?
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Synaptic signals that provide rapid communication with distant
cells by way of dendrites.
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How do paracrine signalling and direct signaling differ?
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Paracrine signaling reaches local cells and are short lived
Direct signaling reaches only adjacent cells
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The membrane used in the lab to form a model of a cell only
allowed certain molecules to pass across. This is called
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Semipermeable
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The water potential will decrease in an apple if 1. the apple
is allowed to sit in the open dry air or 2. the apple is placed in
water