Unit 2 Review: Population

Vocab• Demography• Arithmetic population density: number of

people/km2 (or mile)• Physiologic population density: number of

people/km2 (or mile) of arable land• Agricultural density – number of farmers

per arable land• Ecumene – portion of Earth’s surface

occupied by permanent human settlement• Nonecumene – uninhabited or sparsely

populated

Highest Population Density

Region Country – pop/km2

East Asia

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Western Europe

1.

2.

3.

4.

Monaco – 23,6601.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Singapore -6,369

Malta – 1,272

Maldives-1,105

Bahrain-1,047

Bangladesh -1,0456.

• Some areas of North America’s population have clusters of high density areas – such as the megalopolis extending from Boston to Washington, DC. (de Blij 43) approx. with a population density of 7000+ per sq. km

• New York Country has a population density of 67,000 / sq. mile (Rubenstein)

• Overpopulation• Carrying Capacity• J-Curve – a graph representing

exponential growth• S-Curve – the flattened out part of the

curve represents a population size consistent with and supportable by the exploitable resource base – have reached the homeostatic plateau

Time

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Naturalincrease

Birth rate

Death rate

Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.www.prb.org

DTM: The Classic Stages

http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/Demotrans/demtran.htm

http://www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/ib_population/ib_demographic_transition_model.htm

Statistics for England

Year CBR CDR Population

1750 40 40 6

1800 34 20 9

1850 34 22 18

1900 28 16 32

1950 16 12 44

2000 11 10 60

Population Statistics

• NIR• TFR• CDR• CBR• IMR• Doubling Times• Life Expectancy• ZPG

Decline or Growth, 2005-2050Percent

8

10

13

-23

-11

-6

Russia (1.4)

Italy (1.3)

Trinidad & Tobago (1.6)

Armenia (1.3)

China (1.6)

Country (average number of children per woman)

Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

Countries with Low Fertility

Thailand (1.7)

Population Pyramids

Cohort

Population (demographic) momentum

Typical pyramids

Government Population Policies

• Expansive Population Policies – ex. Europe• Eugenic Population Policies – designed to favor

one racial or cultural sector, ex. Japan• Restrictive Population Policies – range from

toleration of officially unapproved means of birth control to China’s one child only policy (de Blij)

• Swedish gov’t encouraging w/ little results• Catholic countries prohibit birth control yet have

slow growth in close by countries, higher growth farther away. Islamic countries experience opposite.

Malthus & Neo-Malthusian

• Malthus – English economist – without checks on the population, it will inevitably increase faster than the food supplies

• Neo-Malthusians – advocates of population control

Vocab• Age distribution • Carrying capacity • Demographic equation • Demographic regions • Dependency ratio • Diffusion of fertility control • Disease diffusion • Epidemiological

Transition model • Gendered space • Maladaptation

• Mortality • Natality • Overpopulation • Population explosion • Population projection • Rate of natural increase • Sex ratio • Standard of living • Sustainability • Underpopulation

Unit 2 Review: Migration

Types of Movement

• Cyclic Movement – daily routine takes them through a regular sequence of short moves within a local area – activity spaces– Commuting– Nomadism

• Periodic Movement – a longer routine but still results in returning home– Migrant labor– Transhumance – system of pastoral farming in which

ranchers move with the livestock

Migration

• International / Internal (inter-regional)– THINK SCALE– Migration transition – stage 2 migrants

(source countries) move to stage 4 countries (destination countries)

• Forced / Voluntary

• Chain Migration

Migration ??? Explanations/models/yada yada

• Push & Pull Factors– Economic (remittances)– Environmental– Cultural– Distance decay & intervening opportunities– Chain migration

• Ravenstein’s Law• Gravity Model – size and distance affects

number of migrants

Im- or E-migration Patterns

• US Immigration Wave Chart!

• European Immigration– Guest workers

• Emigrants from– Cuba– Vietnam– Haiti

Internal Migration

• Urban to Suburban – (counterurbanization)

• Or Rural to Urban

Immigration Restrictions

• 1920’s Quota Laws and National Origins Act – 2% of number already here

• Immigration Act of 1965 – hemisphere quotas

• 1978 global quota

• Preferences for family sponsored immigrants & Skilled workers or exceptionally talented professionals

Vocab

• Activity space • Forced • Gravity model • Internal migration • Intervening opportunity • Migration patterns • • Intercontinental • • Interregional • • Rural-urban

• Migratory movement • Periodic movement • Personal space • Place utility • Space-time prism • Step migration • Transhumance • Transmigration • Voluntary