UNIT 2 - RMM ICT GROUP | sekadar luahan rasa · Unit 1: Negative Numbers UNIT 2 ... Answers 42....

Unit 1:

Negative Numbers

UNIT 2

FRACTIONS

B a s i c E s s e n t i a l

A d d i t i o n a l M a t h e m a t i c s S k i l l s

Curriculum Development Division

Ministry of Education Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module Overview 1

Part A: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 2

1.0 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions with the Same Denominator 5

1.1 Addition of Fractions with the Same Denominators 5

1.2 Subtraction of Fractions with The Same Denominators 6

1.3 Addition and Subtraction Involving Whole Numbers and Fractions 7

1.4 Addition or Subtraction Involving Mixed Numbers and Fractions 9

2.0 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions with Different Denominator 10

2.1 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions When the Denominator

of One Fraction is A Multiple of That of the Other Fraction 11

2.2 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions When the Denominators

Are Not Multiple of One Another 13

2.3 Addition or Subtraction of Mixed Numbers with Different

Denominators 16

2.4 Addition or Subtraction of Algebraic Expression with Different

Denominators 17

Part B: Multiplication and Division of Fractions 22

1.0 Multiplication of Fractions 24

1.1 Multiplication of Simple Fractions 28

1.2 Multiplication of Fractions with Common Factors 29

1.3 Multiplication of a Whole Number and a Fraction 29

1.4 Multiplication of Algebraic Fractions 31

2.0 Division of Fractions 33

2.1 Division of Simple Fractions 36

2.2 Division of Fractions with Common Factors 37

Answers 42

Basic Essential Additional Mathematics Skills (BEAMS) Module

UNIT 2: Fractions

1



PART 1

MODULE OVERVIEW

1. The aim of this module is to reinforce pupils’ understanding of the concept

of fractions.

2. It serves as a guide for teachers in helping pupils to master the basic

computation skills (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division)

involving integers and fractions.

3. This module consists of two parts, and each part consists of learning

objectives which can be taught separately. Teachers may use any parts of the

module as and when it is required.


UNIT 2: Fractions

2



PART A:

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

OF FRACTIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of Part A, pupils will be able to:

1. perform computations involving combination of two or more operations

on integers and fractions;

2. pose and solve problems involving integers and fractions;

3. add or subtract two algebraic fractions with the same denominators;

4. add or subtract two algebraic fractions with one denominator as a

multiple of the other denominator; and

5. add or subtract two algebraic fractions with denominators:

(i) not having any common factor;

(ii) having a common factor.


UNIT 2: Fractions

3



TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES

Pupils have difficulties in adding and subtracting fractions with different

denominators.

Strategy:

Teachers should emphasise that pupils have to find the equivalent form of

the fractions with common denominators by finding the lowest common

multiple (LCM) of the denominators.


UNIT 2: Fractions

4



numerator

denominator

Fraction is written in the form of:

b

a

Examples:

3

4 ,

3

2

Proper Fraction Improper Fraction Mixed Numbers

The numerator is smaller

than the denominator.

Examples:

20

9 ,

3

2

The numerator is larger

than or equal to the denominator.

Examples:

12

108 ,

4

15

A whole number and

a fraction combined.

Examples:

65

71 8 ,2

Rules for Adding or Subtracting Fractions

1. When the denominators are the same, add or subtract only the numerators and

keep the denominator the same in the answer.

2. When the denominators are different, find the equivalent fractions that have the

same denominator.

Note: Emphasise that mixed numbers and whole numbers must be converted to improper

fractions before adding or subtracting fractions.

LESSON NOTES


UNIT 2: Fractions

5



1.0 Addition And Subtraction of Fractions with the Same Denominator

1.1 Addition of Fractions with the Same Denominators

8

5

8

4

8

1 i)

2

1

8

4

8

3

8

1 ii)

fff

651 iii)

EXAMPLES

Add only the numerators and keep the

denominator same.

Write the fraction in its simplest form.


denominator the same.



8

1

8

4

8

5


UNIT 2: Fractions

6



1.2 Subtraction of Fractions with The Same Denominators

2

1

8

4

8

1

8

5 i)

7

4

7

5

7

1 ii)

nnn

213 iii)


Subtract only the numerators and keep

the denominator the same.





8

5

8

1

2

1

8

4


UNIT 2: Fractions

7



1.3 Addition and Subtraction Involving Whole Numbers and Fractions

.8

11 Calculate i)

7

29

7

1

7

28

7

14

7

14

5

18

5

2

5

20

5

24

5

33

3

12

3

1

3

12

3

14

y

yy

First, convert the whole number to an improper fraction with the

same denominator as that of the other fraction.

Then, add or subtract only the numerators and keep the denominator

the same.

1 8

1

8

11

8

9

+

8

8

+

8

1


UNIT 2: Fractions

8



n

n

nn

n

n

52

5252

k

k

k

k

kk

32

323

2

First, convert the whole number to an improper fraction with

the same denominator as that of the other fraction.

Then, add or subtract only the numerators and keep the



UNIT 2: Fractions

9



1.4 Addition or Subtraction Involving Mixed Numbers and Fractions

.8

4

8

11 Calculate i)

7

5

7

15

7

5

7

12

= 7

20 =

7

62

9

4

9

29

9

4

9

23

= 9

25 =

9

72

88

11

88

31

xx

= 8

11 x

First, convert the mixed number to improper fraction.

Then, add or subtract only the numerators and keep the denominator the same.

8

11

8

4

8

51

8

13

+

8

9

+

8

4


UNIT 2: Fractions

10



2.0 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions with Different Denominators

.2

1

8

1 Calculate i)

To make the denominators the same, multiply both the numerator and the denominator of

the second fraction by 4:

Now, the question can be visualized like this:

?

The denominators are not the same.

See how the slices are different in

sizes? Before we can add the

fractions, we need to make them the

same, because we can't add them

together like this!

8

1

8

4

+

8

5

8

4

2

1

4

4

Now, the denominators

are the same. Therefore,

we can add the fractions

together!

8

1

2

1

+

?


UNIT 2: Fractions

11



Hint: Before adding or subtracting fractions with different denominators, we must

convert each fraction to an equivalent fraction with the same denominator.

2.1 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions When the Denominator of One Fraction is

A Multiple of That of the Other Fraction

Multiply both the numerator and the denominator with an integer that makes the

denominators the same.

(i) 6

5

3

1

6

5

6

2

6

7

= 6

11

(ii) 4

3

12

7

12

9

12

7

12

2

6

1

Change the first fraction to an equivalent

fraction with denominator 6.

(Multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the first fraction by 2):

6

2

3

1

2

2



Change the second fraction to an equivalent fraction with denominator 12.

(Multiply both the numerator and the

denominator of the second fraction by 3):

12

9

4

3

3

3

Subtract only the numerators and keep the



Convert the fraction to a mixed number.


UNIT 2: Fractions

12



(iii) vv 5

91

vv 5

9

5

5

v5

14

Change the first fraction to an equivalent

fraction with denominator 5v.

(Multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the first fraction by 5):

vv 5

51

5

5




UNIT 2: Fractions

13



2.2 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions When the Denominators Are Not Multiple of

One Another

Method I

4

3

6

1

(i) Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM)

of the denominators.

2) 4 , 6

2) 2 , 3

3) 1 , 3

- , 1

LCM = 2 2 3 = 12

The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.

(ii) Change each fraction to an equivalent

fraction using the LCM as the

denominator.

(Multiply both the numerator and the

denominator of each fraction by a whole

number that will make their

denominators the same as the LCM

value).

= 4

3

6

1

= 12

9

12

2

= 12

11

Method II

4

3

6

1

(i) Multiply the numerator and the

denominator of the first fraction with

the denominator of the second fraction

and vice versa.

= 4

3

6

1

= 24

18

24

4

= 24

22

= 12

11

Write the fraction in its

simplest form.

This method is preferred but you

must remember to give the

answer in its simplest form. 3

3 2

2

4

4 6

6


UNIT 2: Fractions

14



Multiply the first fraction with the second denominator and

multiply the second fraction with the first denominator.

1. 5

1

3

2

= 5

5

3

2

+

3

3

5

1

15

3

15

10

= 15

13

2. 8

3

6

5

=

8

8

6

5

–

6

6

8

3

= 48

18

48

40

= 48

22

= 24

11


EXAMPLES

Multiply the first fraction by the

denominator of the second fraction and multiply the second fraction by the

denominator of the first fraction.


denominator of the second fraction and

multiply the second fraction by the denominator of the first fraction.






UNIT 2: Fractions

15



3. 7

1

3

2g

= 3

3

7

7

7

1

3

2

g

= 21

3

21

14

g

= 21

314 g

4. 53

2 hg

3

3

55

5

3

2

hg

15

3

15

10 hg

15

310 hg

5. dc

46

= c

c

d

d

dc

46

cd

c

cd

d 46

= cd

cd 46

Multiply the first fraction by the denominator of the second fraction and

multiply the second fraction by the


Write as a single fraction.










UNIT 2: Fractions

16



Convert the mixed numbers to improper fractions.


2.3 Addition or Subtraction of Mixed Numbers with Different Denominators

1. 4

32

2

12

= 4

11

2

5

= 4

11

2

5

2

2

= 4

11

4

10

= 4

21

4

15

2. 4

31

6

53

= 4

7

6

23

= 6

6

4

4

4

7

6

23

= 24

42

24

92

= 24

50

= 12

25

= 12

12

Change the first fraction to an equivalent fraction

with denominator 4. (Multiply both the numerator and the denominator

of the first fraction by 2)

The denominators are not multiples of one another:

Multiply the first fraction by the denominator

of the second fraction.

Multiply the second fraction by the






Change the fraction back to a mixed number.






UNIT 2: Fractions

17



The denominators are not multiples of one another Multiply the first fraction with the second denominator

Multiply the second fraction with the first denominator



2.4 Addition or Subtraction of Algebraic Expression with Different Denominators

1. 22

m

m

m

= )2(

)2(

2

2

22

m

mm

m

m

=

22

2

22

2

m

mm

m

m

= )2(2

)2(2

m

mmm

= )2(2

22 2

m

mmm

= )2(2

2

m

m

2. y

y

y

y 1

1

= )1(

)1(1

1

y

y

y

y

y

y

y

y

= )1(

)1)(1(2

yy

yyy

= )1(

)1( 22

yy

yy

= )1(

122

yy

yy

= )1(

1

yy

Remember to use brackets

Write the above fractions as a single fraction.






Expand:

m (m – 2) = m2 – 2m

Expand:

(y – 1) (y + 1) = y2 + y – y – 1

2

= y2 – 1

Expand:

– (y2 – 1) = –y

2 + 1

Write the fractions as a single fraction.







UNIT 2: Fractions

18





3. 24

5

8

3

n

n

n

= n

n

n

n

n

n

n 8

8

24

4

4

5

8

3

2

2

= )4(8

)5(8

)4(8

1222

2

nn

nn

nn

n

= )4(8

)5(812

2

2

nn

nnn

= )4(8

84012

2

22

nn

nnn

= )4(8

404

2

2

nn

nn

= )8(4

)10(42nn

nn

= 28

10

n

n

Factorise and simplify the fraction by canceling

out the common factors.

Expand:

– 8n (5 + n) = –40n – 8n2

Subtract the like terms.








UNIT 2: Fractions

19



Calculate each of the following.

1. 7

1

7

2

2. 12

5

12

11

3. 14

1

7

2

4. 12

5

3

2

5. 5

4

7

2

6. 7

5

2

1

7. 313

22

8. 9

72

5

24

9. ss

12

10. ww

511

TEST YOURSELF A


UNIT 2: Fractions

20



11. aa 2

12

12. ff 3

52

13. ba

42

14. qp

51

15. nmnm5

3

7

2

5

2

7

5

16.

)2(2

1p

p

17.

5

3

2

32 yxyx

18.

xx

x 5

2

412

19.

x

x

x

x 1

1

20.

2

4

2 x

x

x

x


UNIT 2: Fractions

21



21.

4

84

2

36 yxyx

22.

29

4

3

2

n

n

n

23.

r

rr

15

25

5

2

24.

p

p

p

p

2

232

25.

n

n

n

n

10

34

5

322

26.

n

n

mn

nm 33

27.

mn

nm

m

m

5

5

28.

mn

mn

m

m

3

3

29.

24

5

8

3

n

n

n

30.

m

p

m

p 1

3


UNIT 2: Fractions

22



PART B:

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

OF FRACTIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of Part B, pupils will be able to:

1. multiply:

(i) a whole number by a fraction or mixed number;

(ii) a fraction by a whole number (include mixed numbers); and

(iii) a fraction by a fraction.

2. divide:

(i) a fraction by a whole number;

(ii) a fraction by a fraction;

(iii) a whole number by a fraction; and

(iv) a mixed number by a mixed number.

3. solve problems involving combined operations of addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division of fractions, including the use of brackets.


UNIT 2: Fractions

23



TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES

Pupils face problems in multiplication and division of fractions.

Strategy:

Teacher should emphasise on how to divide fractions correctly. Teacher should

also highlight the changes in the positive (+) and negative (–) signs as follows:

Multiplication Division

(+) (+) = + (+) (+) = +

(+) (–) = – (+) (–) = –

(–) (+) = – (–) (+) = –

(–) (–) = + (–) (–) = +


UNIT 2: Fractions

24



1.0 Multiplication of Fractions

Recall that multiplication is just repeated addition.

Consider the following:

32

First, let’s assume this box as 1 whole unit.

Therefore, the above multiplication 32 can be represented visually as follows:

This means that 3 units are being repeated twice, or mathematically can be written as:

6

33 32

Now, let’s calculate 2 x 2. This multiplication can be represented visually as:

This means that 2 units are being repeated twice, or mathematically can be written as:

4

22 22

LESSON NOTES

3 + 3 = 6

2 + 2 = 4

2 groups of 3 units

2 groups of 2 units


UNIT 2: Fractions

25



Now, let’s calculate 2 x 1. This multiplication can be represented visually as:

This means that 1 unit is being repeated twice, or mathematically can be written as:

211 12

It looks simple when we multiply a whole number by a whole number. What if we

have a multiplication of a fraction by a whole number? Can we represent it visually?

Let’s consider .2

12

Since represents 1 whole unit, therefore 2

1unit can be represented by the

following shaded area:

Then, we can represent visually the multiplication of 2

12 as follows:

This means that 2

1unit is being repeated twice, or mathematically can be written as:

1

2

2

2

1

2

1

2

12

1 + 1 = 2

2

1 +

2

1 = 1

2

2

2 groups of 1 unit

2 groups of 2

1 unit


UNIT 2: Fractions

26



Let’s consider again .22

1 What does it mean? It means ‘

2

1 out of 2 units’ and the

visualization will be like this:

Notice that the multiplications2

12 and 2

2

1 will give the same answer, that is, 1.

How about ?23

1

Since represents 1 whole unit, therefore 3

1unit can be represented by the

following shaded area:

Then, we can represent visually the multiplication 23

1 as follows:

This means that 3

1unit is being repeated twice, or mathematically can be written as:

3

2

3

1

3

1 2

3

1

3

1 +

3

1 =

3

2

The shaded area is 3

1unit.

2

1 out of 2 units 12

2

1


UNIT 2: Fractions

27



Let’s consider 23

1 . What does it mean? It means ‘

3

1out of 2 units’ and the visualization

will be like this:

Notice that the multiplications3

12 and 2

3

1 will give the same answer, that is,

3

2.

Consider now the multiplication of a fraction by a fraction, like this:

2

1

3

1

This means ‘3

1 out of

2

1 units’ and the visualization will be like this:

Consider now this multiplication:

2

1

3

2

This means ‘3

2 out of

2

1 units’ and the visualization will be like this:

2

1unit

3

1 out of 2 units

3

22

3

1

3

1 out of

2

1 units

6

1

2

1

3

1

2

1unit

3

2 out of

2

1 units

6

2

2

1

3

2


UNIT 2: Fractions

28



What do you notice so far?

The answer to the above multiplication of a fraction by a fraction can be obtained by

just multiplying both the numerator together and the denominator together:

6

1

2

1

3

1

9

2

3

1

3

2

So, what do you think the answer for 3

1

4

1 ? Do you get

12

1 as the answer?

The steps to multiply a fraction by a fraction can therefore be summarized as follows:

1.1 Multiplication of Simple Fractions

Examples:

a) 35

6

7

3

5

2

b) 35

6

5

3

7

2

c) 35

12

5

2

7

6

d) 35

12

5

2

7

6

Steps to Multiply Fractions:

1) Multiply the numerators together and

multiply the denominators together.

2) Simplify the fraction (if needed).

Remember!!!

(+) (+) = +

(+) (–) = –

(–) (+) = –

(–) (–) = +

Multiply the two numerators together and the two denominators together.


UNIT 2: Fractions

29



1.2 Multiplication of Fractions with Common Factors

6

5

7

12 or

6

5

7

12

1.3 Multiplication of a Whole Number and a Fraction

6

152

=

6

31

1

2

=

6

31

1

2

= 3

31

= 3

110

Second Method:

(i) Simplify the fraction by canceling

out the common factors.

6

5

7

12

(i) Then, multiply the two

numerators together and the two

denominators together, and

convert to a mixed number, if

needed.

6

5

7

12

7

31

7

10

2

1

Convert the mixed number to improper

fraction.

Simplify by canceling out the common

factors.

Remember

2 = 1

2

First Method:

(ii) Multiply the two numerators

together and the two

denominators together:

6

5

7

12 =

42

60

(ii) Then, simplify.

7

31

7

10

42

60

10

7

3 Multiply the two numerators together and

the two denominators together.

Remember: (+) (–) = (–)


1

1

2


UNIT 2: Fractions

30



1. Find 10

15

12

5

Solution: 10

15

12

5

= 8

5

2. Find 5

2

6

21

Solution : 5

2

6

21

= 5

2

6

21

5

7

= 5

21

Simplify by canceling out the common

factors.

Note that 3

21 can be further simplified.

Simplify further by canceling out the

common factors.

3

1

Simplify by canceling out the common factors.

EXAMPLES

Multiply the two numerators together and the

two denominators together.

Remember: (+) (–) = (–)

Multiply the two numerators together and


Remember: (+) (–) = (–)

3

1

1

7

Change the fraction back to a mixed

number.

2

1

4

5


UNIT 2: Fractions

31



1.4 Multiplication of Algebraic Fractions

1. Simplify 4

52 x

x

Solution : 4

52 x

x

= 2

5

= 2

12

2. Simplify

m

n

n4

9

2

Solution:

m

n

n4

9

2

=

1

4

2

9

2

mn

n

n

= 1

)2(

2

9 mn

= nm22

9

1 2

1 1 Simplify the fraction by canceling out the x’s.



Simplify the fraction by canceling the

common factor and the n.

Multiply the two numerators together

and the two denominators together.


Change the fraction back to a mixed

number.

2

1

1

1


UNIT 2: Fractions

32



1. Calculate 27

25

5

9

2. Calculate – 20

14

7

3

12

45

3. Calculate

4

112

4. Calculate

5

14

3

1

5. Simplify

k

m3

6. Simplify )5(2

mn

7. Simplify

14

3

6

11

x

8. Simplify )32(2

dan

9. Simplify

yx

10

95

3

2

10. Simplify

x

x 120

4

TEST YOURSELF B1


UNIT 2: Fractions

33



2.0 Division of Fractions

Consider the following:

36

First, let’s assume this circle as 1 whole unit.

Therefore, the above division can be represented visually as follows:

This means that 6 units are being divided into a group of 3 units, or mathematically

can be written as:

2 36

The above division can also be interpreted as ‘how many 3’s can fit into 6’. The answer is

‘2 groups of 3 units can fit into 6 units’.

Consider now a division of a fraction by a fraction like this:

.8

1

2

1

LESSON NOTES

How many 8

1 is in

?2

1

6 units are being divided into a group of 3

units:

2 36


UNIT 2: Fractions

34



This means ‘How many is in ?

8

1

2

1

The answer is 4:

Consider now this division:

.4

1

4

3

This means ‘How many is in ?

4

1

4

3

The answer is 3:

But, how do you

calculate the answer?

How many 4

1 is in ?

4

3


UNIT 2: Fractions

35



Consider again .236

Actually, the above division can be written as follows:

3

16

3

636

Notice that we can write the division in the multiplication form. But here, we have to

change the second number to its reciprocal.

Therefore, if we have a division of fraction by a fraction, we can do the same, that is,

we have to change the second fraction to its reciprocal and then multiply the

fractions.

Therefore, in our earlier examples, we can have:

4

2

8

1

8

2

1

8

1

2

1 (i)

The reciprocal of a

fraction is found by

inverting the

fraction.

Change the second fraction to its

reciprocal and change the sign to .

The reciprocal

of 8

1 is .

1

8

These operations are the same!

The reciprocal

of 3 is .3

1


UNIT 2: Fractions

36



3

1

4

4

3

4

1

4

3 (ii)

The steps to divide fractions can therefore be summarized as follows:

2.1 Division of Simple Fractions

Example:

7

3

5

2

= 3

7

5

2

= 15

14

Change the second fraction to its reciprocal

and change the sign to .



Steps to Divide Fractions:

1. Change the second fraction to its


2. Multiply the numerators together and

multiply the denominators together.

3. Simplify the fraction (if needed).

Tips:

(+) (+) = +

(+) (–) = –

(–) (+) = –

(–) (–) = +

Change the second fraction to its


The reciprocal

of 4

1 is .

1

4


UNIT 2: Fractions

37



2.2 Division of Fractions With Common Factors

Examples:

9

2

21

10

= 2

9

21

10

= 2

9

21

10

= 7

15

= 7

12

7

6

5

3

6

7

5

3

10

7

7

65

3

1

5 3

7

1

2

Express the fraction in division form.

Change the second fraction to its reciprocal and

change the sign to .

Simplify by canceling out the common factors.




Then, simplify by canceling out the common

factors.



Remember: (+) (–) = (–)




UNIT 2: Fractions

38



1. Find 6

25

12

35

Solution : 6

25

12

35

= 25

6

12

35

= 10

7

2. Simplify –4

52 x

x

Solution : –xx 5

42

= –25

8

x

3. Simplify 2

x

y

Solution :

2x

y

2

1

x

y

x

y

2

5

7


and change the sign to . Then, simplify by canceling out the common

factors.

Method I

EXAMPLES



Multiply the two numerators together and the two

denominators together.

Express the fraction in division form.


and change to .

Multiply the two numerators together and the two

denominators together.

Remember: (+) (–) = (–)



2

1


UNIT 2: Fractions

39



Multiply the numerator and the denominator of

the given fraction with x

2

x

y

= 2

x

y

x

x

= x

xx

y

2

= x

y

2

4. Simplify 5

)1( 1r

Solution:

5

)1( 1r

= 5

)1

1(r

r

r

= r

r

5

1

The given fraction.

r is the denominator of r

1.

Multiply the given fraction with r

r.

Note that:

1)1

1( rrr

Method II

The numerator is also

a fraction with

denominator x

Multiply the numerator and the denominator of the

given fraction by x.


UNIT 2: Fractions

40



1. Calculate 2

21

7

3

2. Calculate 16

5

8

7

9

5

3. Simplify 3

48 y

y

4. Simplify

k

2

16

5. Simplify

3

5

2

x

6. Simplify n

m

n

m

3

24 2

7. Simplify 8

1

4

y

8. Simplify

x

x

11

TEST YOURSELF B2


UNIT 2: Fractions

41



9. Calculate 5

)1(341

10. Simplify y

x15

11. Simplify

32

941 x

12. Simplify

15

1

1

p


UNIT 2: Fractions

42



TEST YOURSELF A:

1. 7

3

2. 2

1

3. 14

5

4. 4

1

5. 35

38 or

35

31

6. 14

3

7. 13

67 or

13

25

8. 45

73or

45

281

9. s

3

10. w

6

11. a2

5

12. f3

1

13. ab

ab 42

14. pq

pq 5

15. nm

16. 2

33 p

17. 10

1716 yx

18. x

x 12

19. )1(

1

xx

20. 2

21. 2

8 yx

22. 29

47

n

n

23. r

r

3

12

24. 2

2

2

6

p

p

25. 2

2

10

647

n

nn

26. m

m1

27. n

n

5

5

28. n

n

3

3

29. 28

10

n

n

30. m

p

3

34

ANSWERS


UNIT 2: Fractions

43



TEST YOURSELF B1:

1. 3

21

3

5or 2.

8

11

8

9 or 3.

2

15

2

11or

4. 5

21

5

7 or 5.

k

m3 6.

2

5mn

7. 4

x 8. ndna

2

3 9. yx

5

3

3

10

10. 4

15 x

TEST YOURSELF B2:

1. 49

2 2.

9

51

9

14 or 3.

2

6

y

4. 8k

5. x5

6 6.

m

6

7. )1(2

1

y 8.

1

2

x

x

9. 20

9

10. xy

x 15 11.

6

13x 12.

p4

5

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