UNIT 3

IMPERIALISM

CHAPTER 17 SECTION 3 & 4 AMERICA’S NEW ROLE

After the Spanish-American War the debate intensified on whether the U.S. should build and empire as three presidents took different approaches to imperialism

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896)#26 - Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)#27 - William Howard Taft; Republican (1909)#28 - Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913)

OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the causes and effects of imperialism.

Objective 3.3: What were the goals of Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy?

Objective 3.4: What were the main arguments raised by the anti-imperialists?

THEME: America will look to expand its borders and influence

CHAPTER 17 SECTION 3

Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYeFcSq7Mxg

Opening Question:Why did President Woodrow Wilson’s actions in Mexico anger many Latin Americans?

ANSWER: “MORAL DIPLOMACY”Wilson’s moral stance during his intervention in Mexican affairs (against Pancho Villa General Huerta) angered Mexicans when the U.S. supported unpopular governments.

A NEW TRADE ROUTE IS NEEDED

Americans needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. o A French company had bought a 25-year concession from

Colombia to build a canal across Panama.o A concession is a grant for a piece of land in exchange for

a promise to use the land for a specific purpose.

Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the company abandoned the project and offered its remaining rights to the United States for $100 million.

THE PANAMA CANAL

President Roosevelt helped instigate the Panamanian Revolution to overthrow the Colombian government.

The revolution is successful and the US recognizes Panama as an independent nation.

US negotiated Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty which gave us the land for the canal. The revolution left a legacy of ill will from Latin America

The U.S. paid Panama $10 million for the land to build the canal U.S. also paid $250,000.00 yearly rental fee.

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Negotiations with Columbia (which owned Panama) failed. They wanted to hold out until the French contract expired in 1904.

¨ quick access to Atlantic & Pacific

¨ military protection of territories

¨ trade & economic value would increase

Roosevelt at the canal in 1906 $400 million to build

Began in 1904 and completed by 1914

Dr. Walter Reed found ways to deal with yellow fever

How the canal was built: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2T7CL9wqyM

BIG STICK DIPLOMACYThe Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine — U.S. will act as “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere

America will intervene to prevent intervention by other powers. Ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Roosevelt in Latin America — Under Roosevelt, the United States often

intervened in Latin America. Roosevelt in Asia — Roosevelt wanted to preserve an open door to

trade with China. He won a Nobel peace prize for negotiating a peace settlement between Russia and Japan.

Absent from Roosevelt’s geopolitical thinking was the concern for interests of less powerful nations“Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far.”

Roosevelt used this old African proverb to guide his foreign policy.

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Big Stick Policy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”. Also referred to as “Roosevelt’s Corollary”

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY

In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world The Fleet demonstrated U.S. as a

naval power that would maintain stability in neighboring countries

American citizens clearly saw the advantages of having a powerful navy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkdiFsXEb5Y

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THE GREAT WHITE FLEET

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY

This policy was called dollar diplomacy. America will give financial aid in return for loyalty. The United States reached new heights of international power under Roosevelt and Taft.

However, the policies of both Presidents also created enemies in Latin America and a growing international resentment of U.S. intervention.

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William Howard TaftElected President in 1908Taft believed in maintaining influence through American investments, not military might.

A NEW FOREIGN POLICY - ASSESSMENTRoosevelt’s foreign policy was based on

(A) the threat of military intervention.(B) the use of American investments.(C) moral and legalistic standards.(D) the fear of foreign invasion.

The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to:(A) bribing foreign diplomats.(B) American investments in other countries. (C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries.(D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

A NEW FOREIGN POLICY - ASSESSMENTRoosevelt’s foreign policy was based on

(A) the threat of military intervention.(B) the use of American investments.(C) moral and legalistic standards.(D) the fear of foreign invasion.

The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to:(A) bribing foreign diplomats.(B) American investments in other countries. (C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries.(D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

CHAPTER 17 SECTION 4

ANTI-IMPERIALISTS ARGUMENTS(1) Expansion was a rejection of our principle of “liberty for all.”

Some believed that the “constitution must follow the flag”

(2) Imperialism was just another form of racism.

(3) Expansion involved too many costs. Maintaining the armed forces required more taxation, debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required, military service.

In addition, laborers from other countries would compete for jobs with U.S. workers.

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LONG TERM EFFECTSPatriotism

Despite the arguments, Imperialism maintained a powerful hold on the American publicScouting programs showed a “frontier” mentalityBoy & Girl Scouts began in the early 1900’s

Future Conflicts?

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DEBATING AMERICA’S NEW ROLE - ASSESSMENTWhich of the following was NOT an argument against

imperialism? (A) Imperialism rejected the idea of the “constitution must follow the flag.”(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods. (C) Imperialism is another form of racism.(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.

DEBATING AMERICA’S NEW ROLE-ASSESSMENTWhich of the following was not an argument against imperialism?

(A) Imperialism rejected the idea of the “constitution must follow the flag”(B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods. (C) Imperialism is another form of racism.(D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation.