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Unit 3Biotechnology
In its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment.
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Historic Applications of Biotechnology
• Yeast to make bread rise
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Historic Applications of Biotechnology
• Yeast to transform
fruit and grains into alcoholic beverages
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Historic Applications of Biotechnology
• • Bacteria in milk to
produce cheese and yogurt
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Cheese Making
The First Biotechnician• The first person to
SELECT a better dog, horse, sheep, goat, or ox to use as a parent for the next generation.
•
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?
The First Biotechnician• The first person to
SELECT a seed from a bigger, or stronger, or juicier plant.
•
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Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY
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Gregor Mendel—The Father of HEREDITY– He
experimented with garden peas.
– He observed a definite pattern of visible characteristics from parent to offspring.
– He coined the terms DOMINANT and RECESSIVE.
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Dominant VS. Recessive
DNA—the GENETIC CODE of All Life
• Deoxyribonucleic acid• The transmitter of
hereditary information• Occurs in pairs of
strands linked together
• Looks like a twisted ladder
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Base Pairs of DNA
The genetic alphabet of the language of life
• Adenine—A• Thymine—T • Guanine—G• Cytosine—C
• Adenine is always linked to thymine.• Guanine is always linked to cytosine.
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What Is a GENE?
• Many genes make up the strand of DNA.
• The trait for hair color might be spelled GCAATCTA.
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What Is a GENE?
• When the sequence GCAATCTA. (hair color) is located on the strand of DNA, it is MAPPED.
• From the map of genes, scientists can SPLICE in or out a certain gene.
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Gene Splicing• Also referred to as RECOMBINANT DNA• Advantages
– A SINGLE trait can be inserted – In the future a SINGLE trait can be
removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease).
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• In the future a SINGLE trait can be removed (like the gene for Huntington's disease).
TRANSGENIC Animals
• Animals that contain genes that are not naturally found in the animal
• Advantages– production of INSULIN
used by humans with diabetes
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CLONING(Dolly the sheep)
5 July 1996
First Cloned Dog (2005)
Snuppy (right), the first successfully cloned dog, is shown at 67 days after birth with Tai, the three-year-old Afghan hound whose skin cells
were used to clone him.
Cloned cats with fluorescent gene
Safety in Biotechnology
• Biotechnological research is monitored by the FDA )The Food and Drug Administration) before, during, and after experimentation.
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