Unit 3 Excel

8/8/2019 Unit 3 Excel

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MS-EXCELINTRODUCTION

MS-Excel is made of grid of rows and columns, which knowas spreadsheet or electrician sheet or worksheet. In a Worksheet

the intersection ofrow and column is called cell. In it columns arealphabetically labeled as A,B,C..Z and then AA,AB,..AZand then BA,BB,.BZ and so on to IA,IB.IV, it is lastcolumn(IV) in excel sheet so it consists of Total 256 columns in it.And rows are numerically numbered as 1,2,3,4,5..65,536rows. So one worksheet consists 256 columns and 65,536 rows and

there are 1,67,77,216 cells in it. Like this there are 255 worksheet inone workbook. And MS-Excel can N number of workbook.

Fig : Representation of Workbooks and Worksheets in excelTo work with MS-EXCEL from Windows environment.

START PROGRAMSMS-EXCEL

1MS-EXCEL

MS-EXCEL

WORKBOOK(N)

WORKSHEET(1)

ROWS(65,536) ANDCOLUMNS(256)

CELLS(1,67,77,216)WORKBOOK(1)

WORKSHEETS(255)


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The environment of the ms-excel is as

Title Bar Menu Bar Standard Toolbar Columns

Sheet name cell(intersection of row and column)Rows

This are important parts of ms-excel 1) Title Bar 2) Menu Bar 3) StandardToolbar(optional) 4)Worksheet Name 5)Rows 6) Columns 7) ScrollBars(Horizontal and Vertical) 8) Name Box 9) Formula Bar

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1) Title Bar

2) Menu Bar

Some of the menus of Excel are as follows :1) File Menu 2) Edit Menu 3) View Menu 4) Insert Menu 5) Format

Menu 6) Tools Menu 7) Data Menu 8) Window Menu 9) HelpMenu.

3) Standard Toolbar which optional. It consists all shortcut icons to work

with files and cells.

4) Name Box : It display the reference of cursor pointer in the ms-excelsheet(spreadsheet), it displays the Address of the cell where the cursor

pointer is moving that means cell address(intersection of row and column).Example like A1. Here Column Alphabet is followed by Row number. A isthe Column Alphabet and 1 is Row Number.

5) Sheet Name : This are worksheet names that there in one workbook. Thedefault number of sheets in the excel can be controlled by user. Theminimum is 1 sheet and maximum is 255 sheets display in it. To adjust thenumber of sheets go to tools menu in that select options (option) in it, awindow will be displayed in that select General option it there will beoption called sheets in new workbook with textbox with increment anddecrement button to it. By default there given name as Sheet1 and Sheet2 soon up to Sheet255. Later sheet can be renamed also.

Sheet name list

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6) Formula Bar : The Data (number or Characters or Strings or Used forcalculations also). First move your cursor pointer to the place you want toenter the data in it and select Formula bar and enter the data that willdisplay in the cell where your cursor pointer there. Or if enter the data in thecell directly also the data is visual in Formula Bar.

7) Scroll Bar : The Scroll Bar is used to move the sheet vertical andhorizontally.

In MS-Excel we have 9 menus in it, they are File, Edit, View, Insert,Format, Tools, Data, Window and Help.

This menu are helpful in doing the common work within the worksheetthe option of the different type of menu are as shown below.

File Menu Options Edit Menu Options View Menu Opt

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Insert Menu Option Format Menu Option Tools Menu Option

Data Menu Option

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Fig : The Workspace Area(Worksheet)The MS-Excel is made of Grid Lines(Horizontal and Vertical), they are

know as Rows and Columns, they are used to enter the data in the cell. Thedata are aligned properly in the cell.

Note : This gridlines are not visible while we print the worksheet or see a printpreview at that time this gridlines will not visible. They are only for enter datain the proper way in the cell so they are aligned properly.

To move around the spreadsheet use keyboard arrow keys like to

move Right side of sheet, to move left side of sheet to move down sideof the sheet and to move up side of sheet. To move one screen of sheet upor down use scroll bars. To move the desired cell type the cell address in the

Name Box it take your cursor pointer to desired cell.

In excel the number are Right justified or Aligned ( i.e. means that

numbers are displayed to Right corner of the cell) and Character are leftjustified or Aligned ( i.e. means that numbers are displayed to right corner ofthe cell).

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Number in the cell Character in the cell

To enter the formula in excel we have special symbol it is= (Equal to symbol), it used for all types of arithmetic and logical operationson the values and with cell address also. Suppose we want to add to values ofcell A1 and B1 and result must be displayed in the C1 cell then first enter 2values in the Cell A1 and B1 after that move your cursor to cell C1 and theretype =Cell A1 value + cell B1 value. For example A1 cell has value 10 and B1cell has value 20 then C1 cell will have result value as 30(10+20=30). We canalso add the values using the cell address name also. Like this A1+B1. Theadvantage of using cell address is that we can copy the same formula to theother cell also. We can enter date and time into the cell in ms-excel.

To insert a new worksheet in the workbook the following step is involved.

INSERTWORKSHEETA new worksheet will in introduced in the workbook. The sheet name willgiven in the increase order of the sheet. For example there are sheet1, sheet 2,sheet3 if i want a new sheet then the sheet name will be sheet4.

FORMATTINGIn excel we can increase and decrease the size of the column and row.

The increasing and decreasing of row and column can done with help ofmouse and keyboard also. To work with the mouse move the mouse torequired column or row last to increase or decrease the size by dragging themouse left and right for column and up and down for row. The default the

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width of the column size is 8.43 (or 64 pixels) and row height is 12.75. Thesize of column width and row height can be changed form the keyboard alsothe steps are as follows :

To increase the width of the column is like this

FORMAT COLUMNWIDTHA small window will be displayed like this in which we can enter the

size and change it.

To increase the height of the row is like thisFORMAT ROW HEIGHT

A small window will be displayed like this in which we can enter thesize and change it.

Note : Without distribution width of cell we can enter 8 numbers and 7characters in it(Font Size is 12). It differs from Font Type ,Style and Size also.

To format the data (number or character in the cell) the following stepsare required to work withStep 1: enter the data in the cell.

Step 2: FORMAT CELL

Step 3: A small window will be displayed it look like this

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To format the number select number option in it. It has internal optionslike general , number, currency, accounting, date, time, percentage, fraction,scientific, text, special and custom.

To align the data in the text we will use Alignment option in it. Tochange the font type, style , size, color, effects and underline we will use Fontoption in it. To draw the border to the cell as table form we will select borderoption in it. To fill the color to cell background we will select the patternoption in it. To lock the formula from or being copied to other cell we willselect the protection option in it.

As per the requirement of formatting we will use the option in it.

To format the numbers in the excel that means increasing the decimal

point number to the number or using (,) comma after the hundreds place ortype of values to be used like no negative values. Steps are as followed toformat the number:Step 1: Enter the number(s) in the cell.

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Number(s) in the cell before

Step 2: High light the cell which you want to format using shift button +arrow keys(up, down, left, right) or with mouse button dragging.

High lighted number in the cell to be formatted

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Step 3: FORMAT CELLA small format cells window will be displayed in that select number

option menu and in that again number option and then format the number.

In this i amformatting the numbersdecimal value to 2

places and allowingonly positive values,at last press ok

button on it.

The result will look like this after formatting the number(s) in the cellNumber(s) after formatted is as in the cell

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To format the number to currency format the following steps arerequired :Step 1: Enter the number(s) in the cell as required.Step 2: High light the number(s) in cell to be formatted.

Step 3: FORMAT CELLStep 4: In the format cells select currency option from the number menu thenselect the number of decimal places required after the number and symbol

required before the number as prefix to it( like dollar symbol $, pound

symbol and etc,,. And the type of value negative or positive values only. Numbers before formatting Number after formatting

-123

125

-45100

Number formatted with 2 decimal values and $ symbol and positive

values only.To format the number to percentage format the following steps are

required :Step 1: Enter the number(s) in the cell as required.Step 2: High light the number(s) in cell to be formatted.

Step 3: FORMAT CELLStep 4: In Format Cells select Number option. In it select percentage optionthen select the number of decimal places option to introduce number ofdecimal places after the normal numbers.

The result will be multiply of 100 of cell value, with number of decimalvalues as select and at last of result we will have percentage symbol(%).

Numbers before formatting Number after formatting

To format the Date the following steps are required :12

MS-EXCEL

$123.46

$125.00

$45.00

$100.00

100

200

300

400

10000.00%

20000.00%

30000.00%

40000.00%


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Step 1: Enter the Date(s) in the cell as required.Step 2: Highlight the Date(s) in cell to be formatted.

Step 3: FORMAT CELLStep 4: In the Format Cells select Date option from number menu. In the Date

option we have 2 sub option in it 1) Type : it specifies which date format stylewe want to format it. 2) Location to change according the place like u.s.a.,u.k., France and etc,,

Date(s) before formatting Date(s) after formatting5/11/2005

5/12/2005

5/13/2005

5/14/2005

5/15/2005

Few of the options of the datetype sub options are like this.

To Format the Text in the cell(s) the following steps are involved:Step 1: Enter the Data(s) in the cell as required.Step 2: High light the Data(s) in cell to be formatted.

Step 3: FORMAT CELLStep 4: In the format cells window select Font menu option. In it sub optionare will be like this.

1) Font Type2) Font Style3) Font Size 4) Color5) Underline Style6) Effects to text7) Preview.

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11-May-05

12-May-05

13-May-0514-May-05

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The Font menu has option called Font which name of the Font type likeArial, courier new, time new Roman, Arial Narrow and etc, and 4 Font Stylelike Regular, Bold, Italic, Bold Italic, and then Font Size from 1 to 100 andetc,,, and then Underline style , Color of the Font, and then Special effects likeStrikethrough, Superscript and Subscript. And one place to see effects all thatis Preview place. As per you requirement select above option in it.

Text before formatting Text after formatting

It font type is Arial, Now font type is Courier new size is 10Font size is 10 and according to type and style bold and

Normal style. effects is strikethrough.Note : The Font size and style will change according to the correspondingselection of the Font Type.

To format data in cell with proper Alignment involves following steps:Step 1: Enter the Data in the cell as required.Step 2: High light the Data in cell to be formatted.

Step 3: FORMAT CELLStep 4: In format cells window select Alignment Menu option. The windowlook like this

In this we can align thehorizontal and verticaltext can be controlled

and orientation and

Text direction are thesub option in it.

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RAMA

RAVI

RAMA

RAVI


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Data before border to cell Data after border to cellSlno name age

1 rama 222 ravi 233 rana 25

As per the style and color of line and presets and border selected theborder will be drawn to the corresponding cell which are highlighted only.

ENTER NUMBER IN THE MS-EXCELIn ms-excel we can fill the series of number in the rows or columns.

The number can also be filled automatically in the rows or columns. To enterthe number automatically without the help of menu bar option. To do this firstwe must enter 2 number into consecutive rows or columns like this as shownthe below figure. Then highlight that two consecutive rows or columns, thenmake your

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slno name age

1 rama 22

2 ravi 23

3 ramesh 25


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Mouse Pointer as fill handler something like this and then drag themouse pointer to the sequences of number to be generated or up to therequired row or column limit. The number generated is by the difference ofthe two number in the above fig difference is 1 then generated series is likethis

Like this we can generate the series of number in the ms-excel, thegenerated number is the difference of the second number minus the firstnumber 10 20 then difference is 10 number sequence will be 10 20 30 40 50and etc,,, .

If we want to generate through the menu options then we require tofollowing the way. First step enter the number in cell that is the starting

number in it to generate the series of number. Second step go to Edit menu inthat select Fill option and in it select sub option Series a window will bedisplayed like this

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In the window the type Linear means the number will be generated insum(addition) of the previous no in the cell plus the step value up to the stopvalue or up to the selected or highlighted range in the worksheet, Growth isthe multiplication of the cell number into the step up to the stop value or up tothe selected or highlighted range in the worksheet, date to generate date on thedata unit depend, AutoFill will fill the number automatically if but in thisoption no step value or stop value is required it will fill the number

automatically up to the highlighted cell in the worksheet. To generate thenumber with have second number in the cell then use the trend option theabove window

The option to series option

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EDITING

The editing in excel and be done by press function F2 or click on thecell the mouse pointer will be displayed on the formula bar or select the cellwhich we want to editing work in it and then go to formula bar and press it theformula bar will be highlighted then we can do the modification to it.

CALCULATIONS

In excel calculation can be done in 2 ways 1)one is called formulamethod this can be done by using the expression of the values directly or byusing the cell address reference. For doing this the symbol required is = whichthe prefix symbol used for any type of formula calculationsFor example : =10+20*30

=A1+B1*C1

In the above excel sheet we have written the formula with the help of celladdress and the result is shown the cell D1

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Using calculation we have 2 type of cell reference, they are Absolutecell reference and other is Relative cell reference. The first in it used isdirectly by specifying the cell address directly like A1, B2 with symbol like=A1+B1*C2. The result of this cell can be copied to other cell where everythis formula is dragged with the mouse. The second in it used is indirectly byspecifying the cell address the each cell address has $(dollar) symbol in frontof column alphabet and row number for example (A1) is represented in it like

$A$1. If it used for the calculation the result of can be found in respective celladdress but it cannot be copied to other cell because the result of first cellvalue will be copied to other cell as it is.FUNCTIONS

The second method is Function method. In excel we have few in builtfunctions which are also used for calculating the values in the cell but they arerestricted to one type of calculations only like we have sum functions to findthe sum of values in the given cell address or direct values given within the ()of the sum functions.For example =sum(a1+b1+c1) or =sum(a1:e1) or =sum(10+20+30)

To have functions in excel we have follow this step.

Insert Function (with the symbol to it as fx )

When we select this option a window will be displayed it looks like this:

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This window(Paste Function) has 2 parts on is the Function Categorypart which as name of all main category of functions like Financial, Math &Trig, Data & Time, Statistical and etc. It has second window also in it we cansee the sub function name of the select main function category like if weselected Math & Trig the sub function will displayed like sum, sin, tan, cos,abs and etc,,.

1)If consider the category as Math & Trig its few sub functions are follows:

slno FunctionName

Syntax Purpose

1 Abs Abs(number) Returns the absolute value of anumber, a number without its sign

2 Cos Cos(number) Returns the cosine of an angle

3 Exp Exp(number) Returns e raised to the power of agiven number

4 Fact Fact(number) Returns the factorial of a number,equal to 1*2*3*.*number

5 Power Power(number,power) Returns the result of a number raised to a power

6 Sin Sin(number) Returns the sine of an angle

7 SQRT SQRT(number) Returns square root of a number

8 Sum Sum(number1,number2,. NumberN)

Add all the number in a range ofcells

9 Tan Tan(number) Returns the tangent of an angle

Example Result

Abs(-23.456) 23.456

Cos(90) -0.44807

Exp(1) 2.718282

Fact(5) 120

Power(10,2) 100

Sin(0) 0

SQRT(4) 2

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Sum(10,20,30) 60

Tan(45) 1.6197752

2)If consider the category Statistical as its few sub functions are follows:

slno FunctionName

Syntax Purpose

1 Average Average(number1,number2,..)

Returns theaverage(arithmetic mean) ofits arguments, which can benumbers or names or arraysor reference that contains

number2 Count Count(Value1,Value2,.) Counts the number of cell that

contain numbers and numberswithin the list of arguments.

3 Large Large(array,k) Returns the k-th largest valuein a data set

4 Max Max(number1,number2,) Returns the largest value in aset of values. Ignores logicalvalues and text

5 Min Min(number1,number2,.) Returns the smallest value ina set of values. Ignoreslogical values and text

6 Small Small(array,k) Returns the k-th smallestvalue in a data set

7 Mode Mode(number1,number2,) Returns the most frequentlyoccurring or repetitive valuein an array or range of data

8 Median Median(number1,number2,..) Returns the median or thenumber in the middle of theset of given numbers.

Example Result

Average(10,20,30) 20

Count(10,20,30) 3

Large({10,20,30},2) 20

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Max(10,20,30) 30

Min(10,20,30) 10

Small({10,20,30},1) 10

3) If consider the category Date and Time as its few sub functions are follows:

slno FunctionName

Syntax Purpose

1 Date DATE(year,month,day) Returns the serial number thatrepresents a particular date.

2 Today TODAY( ) Returns the serial number of the currentdate. The serial number is the date-timecode used by Microsoft Excel for dateand time calculations.

3 Now NOW( ) Returns the serial number of the current

date and time.4 Year YEAR(Date) Returns the year corresponding to a

date. The year is returned as an integerin the range 1900-9999.

5 Month MONTH(Date) Returns the month of a date representedby a serial number. The month is givenas an integer, ranging from 1 (January)to 12 (December).

6 Day DAY(Date) Returns the day of a date, representedby a serial number. The day is given asan integer ranging from 1 to 31.

7 Hour HOUR(Time) Returns the hour of a time value. Thehour is given as an integer, rangingfrom 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00P.M.).

8 Second SECOND(Time) Returns the seconds of a time value.The second is given as an integer in therange 0 (zero) to 59.

9 Minute MINUTE(Time) Returns the minutes of a time value.The minute is given as an integer,ranging from 0 to 59.

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Example Result

Today() 2/20/05

Now() 2/20/05

Hour(11:45:45) 11

Minute(11:45:45) 45

Day(2/20/05) 20

Month(2/20/05) 2

Year(2/20/05) 2005

Second(11:45:58) 58


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4) If consider the category Logical as its few sub functions are follows:

slno FunctionName

Syntax Purpose

1 IF IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false) Returns one value if acondition you specifyevaluates to TRUEand another value if itevaluates to FALSE.Logical_test: is anyvalue or expressionthat can be evaluatedto TRUE or FALSE.Value_if_true: is thevalue that is returnedif logical_test isTRUE.Value_if_false: is thevalue that is returnedif logical_test is

FALSE

2 False FALSE( ) Returns the logicalvalue FALSE.

3 True TRUE( ) Returns the logicalvalue TRUE.

4 AND AND(logical1,logical2, ...) Returns TRUE if allits arguments areTRUE; returns FALSEif one or morearguments is FALSE.

5 OR OR(logical1,logical2,...) Returns TRUE if anyargument is TRUE;returns FALSE if allarguments are FALSE.

6 NOT NOT(logical) Reverses the value of its argument. UseNOT when you wantto make sure a value is

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not equal to oneparticular value.

The IF functions can be used with the help of the Comparison operators, they areas follows :

You can compare two values with the following operators. When two values are comparedby using these operators, the result is a logical value, either TRUE or FALSE.

Comparison

operator Meaning Example

= (equal sign) Equal to A1=B1

> (greater than sign) Greater than A1>B1< (less than sign) Less than A1= (greater than or equalto sign)

Greater than or equal to A1>=B1


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You can use an OR array formula to see if a value occurs in an array. To enter anarray formula, press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER in Microsoft Excel for Windows or+ENTER in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh.

5) If consider the category Text as its few sub functions are follows:

slno FunctionName

Syntax Purpose

1 Concatenate

CONCATENATE

(text1,text2,...)Joins several text strings into onetext string.

2 Text TEXT(value,format_text) Converts a value to text in a specificnumber format.

3 Trim TRIM(text) Removes all spaces from text exceptfor single spaces between words.Use TRIM on text that you havereceived from another applicationthat may have irregular spacing.

4 Lower LOWER(text) Converts all uppercase letters in atext string to lowercase.

5 Upper UPPER(text) Converts text to uppercase.

6 Len LEN(text) LEN returns the number of characters in a text string.

7 Proper PROPER(text) Capitalizes the first letter in a textstring and any other letters in textthat follow any character other than a

letter. Converts all other letters tolowercase letters.

8 Mid MID(text,start_num,num_chars)

MID returns a specific number ofcharacters from a text string, startingat the position you specify, based onthe number of characters youspecify.

9 Code CODE(text) Returns a numeric code for the first

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Example ResultIF(10>20,10,20) 20

IF(1020,1020,1020),10,20) 10

IF(NOT(1020,"true","false") false

IF(100


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character in a text string. Thereturned code corresponds to thecharacter set used by your computer.

CHARTS

Create a chartYou can create either an embedded chart or a chart sheet.1. Select the cells that contain the data that you want to appear in the chart.

If you want the column and row labels to appear in the chart, include the cells thatcontain them in the selection.

2. Click Chart Wizard.3. Follow the instructions in the Chart Wizard.

Alt + Insert + Chart

This symbol will be displayed in the Standard Toolbar of Excel.The total drawing of the chart requires 4 steps After the selection of the Chart

option in the Insert Menu.The Step 1 in it is selection of the Chart Type and it also have Sub-type of Charts to

the main category of the Chart.

The Step 2 is selection of Data Range and Series of values to draw the chart or

graph.

The Step 3 is used to give Chart Options to give proper meaning to the titles ofchart, X,Y,Z axis names, legend placing, Data labels, Axis, Gridlines and Data Tableadjustment of this all in the Chart before drawing it.

The Step 4 is placing of the Chart or Graph in the Worksheet as an Object in theexisisting sheet(s), or placing a Chart in Chart Sheet.

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Example ResultCONCATENATE (rama,krishna) ramakrishna

Upper(ramakrishna) RAMAKRISHNA

Lower(RAMAKRISHNA) ramakrishna

Len(Ramakrishna) 11

Trim( Rama ) Rama

Text(2.715, "$0.00") $2.72

MID("I am a good boy",8,15) good boy

Code(A) 65


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In Step 1 a window will be displayed with Chart Type and Chart sub-type option will be

visible in that Window. This window has 2 main options like Standard Types and CustomTypes. In Standard Types we have Chart type and Chart sub-type options. In Excel we have14 types of chart available they are as follows

1. Column Graph2. Bar Graph3. Line Graph4. Pie Chart5. XY(Scatter) Chart6. Area Graph

7. Doughnut8. Radar 9. Surface10. Bubble11. Stock 12. Cylinder 13. Cone14. Pyramid

The corresponding Main Chart will have sub-type of chart there may be 4 or moresub-type depending on the Chart type(Main)

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In the Data Range we have 2 radio button to select the range of data as row or

column and a Data Range Textbox to select the range of values from the worksheet bygiving the cell addresses or by press the last button on the Data range textbox the mousepointer will be placed in the worksheet now we can move the mouse pointer or selectioncan be done with keyboard keys also, after selection and press the same button we willcome back to the step 2 window. The window look like this:

The next option is series which as one series name list box, and 2 correspondingtextbox with names as Name and Values. This is used add new series name and its value tothe graph or chart. The Window look like this:

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After selection of the Data Range and Series press Next button on the samewindow, to move to the next step.

In the step 3 a window will be displayed with a lot of option in to given to the chartor graph. The main option of this window are as follows:

1. Titles2. Axis3. Gridlines4. Legend5. Data Label6. Data Table

The option in this Window changes from the Chart type to type. Because few have3 or some may have 4 or some may have all 6 this depends on the Chart type ofselection Purely.

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The window look like this:

1. Titles option consists sub-option in it like Chart Title, Category (X) axis,Value(Y) axis, Value (Z) axis.

2. Axes option consists sub-option in it like Primary axis is main windowwhich is made of 2 option in Category and Value of Y axis.

3. Gridlines it consists of Category X axis gridline(Major and Minor) andValue (Y) axis(Major and Minor).

4. Legend it consist of one check button as Show legend it is used to displaythe legend in the chart yes or no. And if yes then we have placement optionin it(place like Bottom, Corner, Top, Right, Left). The legend is Field namewhich are select from step 2 or there are Field heading name to which thevalues are displayed in the chart.

5. Data Label consists of Radio Button buttons which means we can selectonly one option in it, the option in it are as follows( none, Show value,Show percentage, Show label, Show label and percentage, Show bubblesizes) this are option are displayed on the bars or element of the chart.

6. Data Table it consists of 2 check Box option they are Show Data Table andother is Show Legend Keys.

This options values changes from the Chart to Chart.

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The Step 4 is placing of the Chart in the Worksheet as Object or In a new

Worksheet. The default name for the new worksheet is chart1. The window look like this:

Example 1:Consider a sampletable of studentmarks details asfollows, the resultant Column graph will be

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students marks detailsmarks1 marks2 marks3 total avg

37 57 64 158 53

44 55 66 165 55

50 48 67 165 55

Student marks details

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3

Serial No

Marks

marks1

marks2

marks3

total

avg


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Bar Graph will be like this:

Pie Chart will be like this:

The details of the Chart and its types are discussed below with help of the diagramof each chart types. They are as follows:

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0 50 100 150 200

Marks

1

2

3

Serial No

Student marks details

avg

total

marks3

marks2

marks1

Student marks details of fi

10%

15%

17%44%

14%

marks1

marks2

marks3

total

avg


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1) Column Chart: A column chart shows data changes over a period of time or illustratescomparisons among items. Categories are organized horizontally, values vertically, toemphasize variation over time.

Stacked column charts show the relationship of individual items to the whole. The3-D perspective column chart compares data points along two axes.

In this 3-D chart, you can compare four quarters of sales performance in Europe with theperformance of two other divisions.

2) Bar Chart: A bar chart illustrates comparisons among individual items. Categories areorganized vertically, values horizontally, to focus on comparing values and to place lessemphasis on time.

Stacked bar charts show the relationship of individual items to the whole.

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3) Pie Chart: A pie chart shows the proportional size of items that make up a data series tothe sum of the items. It always shows only one data series and is useful when you want toemphasize a significant element.

To make small slices easier to see, you can group them together as one item in a piechart and then break down that item in a smaller pie or bar chart next to the main chart.

4) Line Chart: A line chart shows trends in data at equal intervals.

5) XY (Scatter) Chart: A xy (scatter) chart either shows the relationships among thenumeric values in several data series or plots two groups of numbers as one series of xycoordinates. This chart shows uneven intervals or clusters of data and is commonlyused for scientific data.

When you arrange your data, place x values in one row or column, and then entercorresponding y values in the adjacent rows or columns.

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Note You cannot use an xy (scatter) chart type for a PivotChart report.

6) Area Chart: An area chart emphasizes the magnitude of change over time. Bydisplaying the sum of the plotted values, an area chart also shows the relationship of partsto a whole.

In this example, an area chart emphasizes increased sales in Washington andillustrates the contribution of each state to total sales.

7) Doughnut Chart: Like a pie chart, a doughnut chart shows the relationship of parts to awhole, but it can contain more than one data series. Each ring of the doughnut chartrepresents a data series.

8) Stock Chart: The high-low-close chart is often used to illustrate stock prices. This chartcan also be used for scientific data, for example, to indicate temperature changes. You mustorganize your data in the correct order to create this and other stock charts.

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A stock chart that measures volume has two value axes: one for the columns thatmeasure volume, and the other for the stock prices. You can include volume in a high-low-close or open-high-low-close chart.

Note You cannot use the stock chart type for a PivotChart report.

9) Bubble Chart: A bubble chart is a type of xy (scatter) chart. The size of the data markerindicates the value of a third variable.

To arrange your data, place the x values in one row or column, and enter corresponding yvalues and bubble sizes in the adjacent rows or columns.

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The chart in this example shows that Company A has the most products and the greatestmarket share, but not the highest sales.

Note You cannot use the bubble chart type for a PivotChart report.

10) Radar Chart: In a radar chart, each category has its own value axis radiating from thecenter point. Lines connect all the values in the same series.

A radar chart compares the aggregate values of a number of data series. In this chart, thedata series that covers the most area, Brand A, represents the brand with the highestvitamin content.

11) Surface Chart: A surface chart is useful when you want to find optimum combinationsbetween two sets of data. As in a topographic map, colors and patterns indicate areas thatare in the same range of values.

This chart shows the various combinations of temperature and time that result in the samemeasure of tensile strength.

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12,13,14 )Cone, Cylinder and Pyramid Chart: The cone, cylinder, and pyramid datamarkers can lend a dramatic effect to 3-D column and bar charts.

Fig for Cone, Cylinder and Pyramid Chart.

After creation of the chart we want to modify or change the chart option first selectthe chart and then right click the mouse button.

In this we have option like Chart type to change theChart type if required again the Step 1 window will be displayedAnd select the different type of chart are per requirement.The next option is chart options to select or set different typesOf chart options. And Location option to change the location of

The chart at required sheet or required place in the same sheet. TheSource data option is used to display the step 2 window optionOf chart creation.

.

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The main option in it is Format Chart Area, this window has 3 sub-option in it asPatterns which is used to give border effect to the chart as per the style, color and weightand shadow and round corners options. The option is Font in it used to change the Fonttype, style, color and special effect to the text present in the chart area. The last option isProperties used to protect the data in cell which as used to draw the chart in it.

CREATION OF DATABASE IN THE MS-EXCEL

Using the MS-EXCEL we can create the database in it as per user requirement. The

option of importing the data from the other source is called import external sources fromthe application or database as Foxpro, Access, DBASE and etc,,.

In order to create a database from the external sources(here we are considering MS-ACCESS).

Step 1: Start ProgramsMS-EXCELStep 2: Select the cell where you want to populate the data.

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Step 3: Data Get External Data New Database QueryStep 4: A window will be displayed and in that select the Type of database you want to use

in the MS-EXCEL. The window look like this: we select MS-ACCESS Database.Then click ok button

Step 5: Select the Database File and then click the ok button.

Step 6: A new window will be displayed now select the required Table or Query which you

want to import in the MS-EXCEL as database. The window look like this

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Step 7: A window will be displayed in that we can filter the records to the excel sheetbecause it will filter in it. And get the required data in the worksheet. And windowlook like this: and then press next button

Step 8: In this window we can sort the required field and get the sorted data in to theworksheet. And then press next button. The window look like this:

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Step 9: A window will be displayed and then press Finish button in it. The window looklike this:

The required database file data will be imported in the worksheet. For example thetable in the MS-ACCESS as Reg No, Flang, Slang, Maths, Phy, comp and tot. If this tablein import from it.

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Fig : Table in the MS-ACCESS with fields and Data in it.

The database in worksheet will look like this:

In this way we can create the database in the EXCEL.

Common Operation in MS-EXCEL

To open a new worksheet Alt + File + New. To open an exisisting workbook is Alt+ File + Open. To save the workbook Alt + File + Save. To print the Worksheet is Alt +File +Print. To close one workbook is Alt + File + Close. And to Close the Workbook isAlt + File + Exit.

To copy the data in the cell, first select or highlight the required cells and then pressAlt + Edit + Copy. To cut the data in the cell, first select or highlight the required cells andthen press Alt + Edit + Cut. To paste the required the cells press Alt + Edit + Paste.

The usage of the MS-EXCEL is for to handle create table in needed way forcreation of balance sheet preparation, or to calculate financial problems, or analysis a dataand then draw chart or graphs for it and etc,,, . The Excel is used for organization of alltypes of data, but is mainly used for the Numerical data..

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MS-EXCEL

TOPIC1) INTRODUCTION

2) BASIC FEATURES

PARTS OF MS-EXCEL MENUS

3) COPY, CUT , PASTE OPTION

4) BASIC OF WORKBOOK

5) BASIC OF WORKSHEET

ROW COLUMNS

CELL6) FORMATTING FEATURES

7) FUNCTIONS

TYPES OF FUNCTIONS SYNTAX AND DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

8) CHARTS

TYPES OF CHARTS STEPS TO DRAW THE CHART

8) WORKSHEET AS DATABASES

Date post:	09-Apr-2018
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Unit 3 Excel

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