What will we learn today?10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes brought social change.10.3.4 The evolution of work and labor (demise of slave trade; union movement)10.4.1 The rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism.
Unit 3 Industrial Revolution9.3 and 10.4 Industrialization Spreads
Bellwork:What are your thoughts on evolution? Do you believe it to be true or false? Or somewhere in between? Can you believe in evolution and still believe in a “higher power?”
Growth of Cities Graph
Objectives
Describe the inventions of the 19th century and their impact
Trace advances in medicine and scienceDescribe the emergence of social services.Explain the rise of mass culture.
Essential Question
What efforts were made to fix some of the negatives of the Industrial Revolution?
Big Idea
Electric lights, telephones, cars, and many other conveniences of modern life were invented during this period.
Many modern social welfare programs developed during this period of reform.
Last third of 1800’s brought technological boom due to inventions (light bulb and telephone), resources (oil, coal, iron), and a large urban population’s consumption of manufactured goods.
Cities expanded along railroadsCorporations (business owned by
stockholders who share in it profits but are not personally responsible for its debts) were formed
Big business controlled entire industries (big profits-cutting the cost of production=long hours & low wages)
Who Invented the Light Bulb?
Thomas Edison
Light Bulb, Invented by Thomas Edison
Henry Bessemer
Bessemer Converter
Telegraph Machine
Western Union Telegraph
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone Prototype
Who had the first successful manned flight?
The Wright Brothers
Wilbur Wright
Orville Wright
Wright Flyer I, Invented by the Wright Brothers
Wright Flyer II, Invented by the Wright Brothers
Wright Brothers Flight
What process made production much faster and efficient?
The Assembly Line
Impact of IndustrializationWestern Europe and the United States
1) First countries to industrialize
a. Increased their economic wealth
b. Gave them a head start in becoming world powers
c. Allowed them to dominate other parts of the world
2) American Civil War
a. Disrupted the flow of cotton to Europe
b. Force Europe to import cotton from Egypt and India
• Napoleonic Wars widened gap between European countries and Britain
• Beginnings in Belgium because of iron, coal, and waterways.
• Germany industrializes scattered industrialization appeared. They also built railroads to link cities/resources. Economic strength lead to military giant
• Industrialization progressed by region, not country. Serf labor ran factories around Moscow.
• Growth occurred in France due to railroad construction.
• Some countries did not industrialize because of delays in social structure, the government or a lack factors of production.
– Industrialization widened the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries.
– To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials
– Colonies were seized for economic resources– Imperialism (the policy of extending one country’s
rule over many other lands) was born. It was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development of new markets throughout the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories of Europe.
Rise of Global Inequality
Revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication
Development of a middle class brought opportunities for education and democratic participation
Changed the lives of people in Western Europe & the US
It gave Europe tremendous economic power Europe was able to produce goods fast & cheap Asia & Africa were agricultural based with small
workshops
Check for Understanding
Who owns a corporation?
Check for Understanding
What are some examples of natural resources?
Check for Understanding
Where did England get cotton from when the US was fighting during the
Civil War?
Check for Understanding
In what area would Germany eventually become very powerful?
Check for Understanding
What is a serf?
Check for Understanding
How did imperialism help the growth of the Industrial Revolution?
Check for Understanding
How did the Industrial Revolution affect Asia and Africa?
Scientific RevolutionCharles Darwin (1809 – 1882)
1) Wrote “On the Origin of Species”
2) Proposed the Theory of Evolution
a. All life evolved over the course of millions of years
b. All species evolved from a common ancestor
3) Natural Selection
a. Survival of the fittest
Charles Darwin
White Peppered Moth
Black morph in Peppered Moth evolutionBlack morph in Peppered Moth evolution
Hominids (Apes)
Charles Darwin Cartoon
Scientific RevolutionLouis Pasteur (1822 – 1895)
1) Germ Theory of Diseasea. Bacteria causes infections and diseasesb. Proved that cleanliness helps prevent
infections
2) Pasteurizationa. Sterilized liquidsb. Increased the shelf life of milk and other
products
Louis Pasteur
Scientific RevolutionMarie Curie (1867 – 1934)
• Theory of Radioactivity• Discovered radiation• Discovered the element radium
Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)• E = mc2
• General theory of relativity• Special theory of relativity
Marie Curie
Albert Einstein
Scientific RevolutionSigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)
1) Raised questions about the human mind
2) Believed that feelings and memories of pain were repressed in the subconscious
3) Psychoanalysisa. When a therapist and patient probe
deeply into the patient’s memory
Sigmund Freud
Ideas
• Oedipus complex
• Freudian slip• Repression• Subconscious• Projection • And all kinds
of things I can’t talk about
Freud’s Couch
Slavery
Demise of the Slave Trade1) Industry made more money than the
slave trade2) Abolished in the United States and
Europe3) Free labor
a. Became a moral issueb. Only way to grow a strong industrial
economy
Labor Unions Develop
• Union: Voluntary labor association
• Strike: Refuse to work• Labor unions strived to
improve working conditions and benefits for the workers.
• Owners of large corporations opposed the formation of labor unions.
• Unions were denied by government as a threat to social stability in Britain
Industrial Unions
WeWant
Provide workers with
• safer conditions
• higher pay • Legal
protection
Why are Labor Unions good??
• Employers have little flexibility
• A decline in the value of merit
• Products made by union workers may cost more
• Factory Act of 1833-illegal to hire children under 9
• Children 9-12 couldn’t work more than 8 hrs
• 1842-women and children not allowed to work in underground mines
• Unions had child labor banned and set maximum working hours
• Abolition of slavery (Britain) 1833• Fight for women’s rights continue• Free schooling• Reforming prisons
The Reform Movement Spreads
Check for Understanding
Darwin: genius or misguided?
Check for Understanding
Why was Pasteur’s germ theory so important?
Check for Understanding
What science did Freud study?
Check for Understanding
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the slave trade?
Check for Understanding
Are your parents in a union?
Check for Understanding
Are unions more good or more bad? Explain.
SummaryWhat efforts were made to fix some of
the negatives of the Industrial Revolution?
Growth of Cities Graph
http://bit.ly/UJ8VjT• Homework
–Ask your parents what their opinion is on the subject of unions.
• COMPLETELY finish your rough draft of your brochure and bring all materials for a final draft.
Project Time
• 15 points for each section
• 25 points for appearance
• 100 points total
Project Time
• You can do bullets, but they must be complete sentences
• Color it!• Always bring what you
need to work on it here• Yellow: rough draft• Visuals on every column