Who were the leaders in the struggle for

American Indian Lands?By Mr. Casey

AGENDA

n New Vocabularyn Lesson 6- Who were the

leaders in the struggle for American Indian lands?

Actn act - (noun) a law

Northwest Ordinancen The Congress of the new

United States of America passes a law in 1787 stating that the Indians will be treated equally and their lands shall not be taken from them

Bureau of Indian Affairs n The new United States wanted a peaceful relationship with the Indians

n Territorial Governors were in charge of relations with the Indians

n Problem: These Governors are trying to earn statehood and the Indians are often in the way of expansion. Many of these governors find it easier to eliminate the Indians than negotiate with them.

Bureau of Indian Affairs

n In 1824, Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun, create the Bureau of Indian Affairs (later called the Office of Indian Affairs) to handle the issues involved with trying to “civilize” the Indians.

n The Bureau was known for corruption and theft

Leaders (Pro Native)

Chief LoganMingo Tribe

*Was friendly with white settlers until his family was killed by a group of trappers in

1774 *He fought the

settlement of the Ohio River Valley

Leaders (Pro Native)

Chief Little Turtle(Miami)

*1790-President Washington orders the Governor of the Northwest Territory to stop

tribes that have been raiding settlements

*He sends General Arthur St. Clair to stop the Miami. Little Turtle and his men

defeat an American army of 1,300 men in Cincinnati

(killing 600 and wounding 300)

Leaders (Pro Native)

Tecumseh

United several

American Indian tribes to defend the

Ohio River Valley

against settlers in a

peaceful way.

Leaders (Pro Native)

Tecumseh

Tecumseh is out seeking more allies when

Governor Harrison tries to attack Tecumseh’s town. Harrison loses

many men but is able to claim victory and forces the Shawnee to sign a treaty giving up land. This angers Tecumseh.

Tecumseh

*Tecumseh is out seeking more allies when Governor Harrison tries to attack Tecumseh’s town. Harrison is stopped at the Battle of Tippecanoe and loses many men but wears down the Native American fighters, and he is able to claim victory. *His victory forces the Shawnee to sign a treaty giving up land. This angers Tecumseh.

Leaders (Pro)

Leaders (Pro)

Tecumseh

*Later in the year, the U.S declares war on Great Britain in the War of 1812. He allies with the British and wins several battles before he is killed at the Battle of Thames.

Leaders (Pro Native)

Sitting BullLakota Chief Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX NATION

Prospectors begin flooding into the Black Hills region searching for gold. The Fort Laramie Treaty guaranteed

the Black Hills would be Native American land.

Leaders

Sitting BullLakota Chief Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX NATION

The U.S government tries to buy the Black Hills but they Indians refuse to sell it. The U.S Army begins a plan to eliminate the

Sioux and Cheyenne from the area

Leaders

Sitting BullLakota Chief Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX NATION

The Sioux and Cheyenne resist, defeating the U.S Army several times,

including the Indian victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn

http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/photosmultimedia/multimedia.htm

Leaders

Crazy HorseLakota LeaderUnfortunately, the

Indian victories bring more troops to the plains forcing the Indians back to

reservations

Leaders (Pro Native)

JOHN ROSS

Chief John Ross served

the Cherokee and defended their right to stay on their

land

Leaders (Pro Native)

Chief Justice John Marshall

Ruled in favor of John Ross and the

Cherokee nation. He

said it wasn’t legal for the

state of Georgia to take their

land.

Leaders (Anti)

President Andrew Jackson

*War Hero-Defeats the British at the Battle of

New Orleans*Elected 7th President of U.S*Indian Removal Act

1830

Political Cartoonsn Throughout history

political cartoons have been used to illustrate political feelings and opinions.

Cartoon 1

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Cartoon 3