Who were the leaders

in the struggle for

American Indian

Lands?

By Mr. Casey

AGENDA

n New Vocabulary

n Lesson 6- Who were the leaders in

the struggle for American Indian

lands?

Act

n act - (noun) a law

Northwest Ordinance

● The Congress of the new United States

of America passes a law in 1787 stating

that the Indians will be treated equally

and their lands shall not be taken from

them

Bureau of

Indian Affairs

● The new United States wanted a peaceful

relationship with the Indians

● Territorial Governors were in charge of relations

with the Indians

● Problem: These Governors are trying to earn

statehood and the Indians are often in the way of

expansion. Many of these governors find it easier

to eliminate the Indians than negotiate with

them.

Bureau of

Indian Affairs

● In 1824, Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun,

creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs (later called

the Office of Indian Affairs) to handle the issues

involved with trying to “civilize” the Indians.

● The Bureau was known for corruption and theft

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Chief Logan

Mingo Tribe

*His father was friendly with

Pennsylvania settlers moving into

the Ohio River Valley.

*However, in 1774, while away

hunting, his entire family was

killed by a group of trappers in

1774

(Yellow Creek Massacre)

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Chief Logan

Mingo Tribe

*He sends a declaration of

war to Virginia Governor,

Lord Dunmore.

*His tribe attacks many

settlements in the Ohio

River Valley until they are

overcome by U.S forces

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Chief Little Turtle

(Miami)

*Chief Little Turtle of the Miami

Tribe was angered by the U.S

dividing up Indian lands after the

revolution.

*He helped form the Western

Confederacy with the Ohio River

as a natural border between

Indian territory and territory

belonging to the United States.

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Chief Little Turtle

(Miami)

*1790-President Washington orders

the Governor of the Northwest

Territory to stop tribes that have

been raiding settlements

*He sends General Arthur St. Clair

to stop the Miami. Little Turtle and

his men defeat an American army

of 1,300 men in Cincinnati (killing

600 and wounding 300)

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Tecumseh

• Shawnee leader also

known as “Shooting

Star” or “Panther

Crossing”

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Tecumseh

• “…the only way to stop this evil is

all for all red men to unite in

claiming a common and equal

right in the land as it was first, and

should be now, for it never was

divided, it belongs to all….Sell a

country! Why not sell the air, the

clouds, and the great sea, as well as

the earth? Did not the great spirit

make them all for the use of his

children?”

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Tecumseh

• He traveled from tribe to tribe

up and down the Mississippi

River from Canada to the

Gulf of Mexico trying to

convince them to reject

“white” customs and unite

against the encroaching white

settlers.

Tecumseh

*Tecumseh is out seeking more

allies when Governor William Henry

Harrison attacks Prophetstwon.

*Harrison is stopped at the Battle of

Tippecanoe and loses many men but

wears down the Native American

fighters, and he is able to claim

victory.

*His victory forces the Shawnee to

sign a treaty giving up land. This

angers Tecumseh.

Leaders (Pro)

Leaders (Pro)

Tecumseh

*Later in the year, the U.S

declares war on Great

Britain in the War of 1812.

*Tecumseh, commanding

2,000 Indian troops, joins

with the British and wins

several battles before he is

killed at the Battle of

Thames.

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Sitting Bull

Lakota Chief

Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX

NATION

*Prospectors begin flooding into the Black

Hills region searching for gold.

*The Fort Laramie Treaty guaranteed the

Black Hills would be Native American land.

Leaders

Sitting Bull

Lakota Chief

Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX

NATION

*The U.S government tries to buy the Black

Hills but they Indians refuse to sell it. The U.S

Army begins a plan to eliminate the Sioux and

Cheyenne from the area

Leaders

Sitting Bull

Lakota Chief

Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX

NATION

*The Sioux and Cheyenne resist, defeating

the U.S Army several times, including the

Indian victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn

m

Leaders

Sitting Bull

Lakota Chief

Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

SIOUX

NATION

Leaders

Crazy Horse

Lakota Leader

Unfortunately, the Indian

victories bring more troops

to the plains forcing the

Indians back to reservations

Leaders

(Pro Native)

JOHN ROSS

Chief John Ross

served the

Cherokee and

defended their

right to stay on

their land

Leaders

(Pro Native)

Chief Justice

John Marshall

Ruled in favor of

John Ross and

the Cherokee

nation. He said it

wasn’t legal for

the state of

Georgia to take

their land.

Leaders (Anti)

President Andrew

Jackson

*War Hero-Defeats the British at

the Battle of New Orleans

*Elected 7th President of U.S

*Indian Removal Act 1830

Political Cartoons

n Throughout history political cartoons

have been used to illustrate political

feelings and opinions.

Cartoon 1

Cartoon 2

Cartoon 3