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PUMPSGROUP I
PELN YETEMYEN
ASLI AK
HANDE ZENGN
ESRA SEVN
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Pump Terminology
Pump Classification:
- Reciprocating Pumps
- Rotary Pumps- Centrifugal Pumps
Pumping Problems
Power and Efficiency Calculations
Pump Selection
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PUMP TERMINOLOGY
Pumping, the addition of energy to a fluid
Pumping action creates a partial vacuum while
atmospheric pressure forces liquid up.
Pump performance, specified in terms of Q andH:
)()22
()(/
22
,,
sdsdgsgd ZZg
V
g
VPPtQH
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Displacement,the discharge of a fluid from a
vessel Centrifugal Force,used to produce kinetic
energy
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PISTON PUMPS
PLUNGER PUMPS
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
PUMPS
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PISTON PUMPS
PLUNGER PUMPS
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
Two valves and one stuffing box
A rotating mechanism for thereciprocating piston
Uses suction to raise liquid intothe chamber.
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Two ball check valves on each side
Low pressure on the upward part,
high pressure on the downward part
PISTON PUMPS
PLUNGER PUMPS
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
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Rod is moved to push and pull
the diaphragm. Can be used to make artificial
hearts.
PISTON PUMPS
PLUNGER PUMPS
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
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ROTARY PUMPS
Positive displacement type
High pressure, high efficiency
Liquids must be free of solids
Handle viscous fluids
Used mainly in, oil burners, soaps andcosmetics, sugars, syrup, and molasses,dyes, ink, bleaches, vegetable andmineral oils
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GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
Gears create voids as they come outof mesh and liquid flows into the
cavities
As the gears come back into mesh,the volume is reduced and the liquidis forced out of the discharge port
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GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
As the teeth come out ofmesh, liquid flows into the
pump and is carried betweenthe teeth and the casing to thedischarge side of the pump
The teeth come back into
mesh and the liquid is forcedout the discharge port
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Fluid is carried between the
rotor teeth and the pumpingchamber
The rotor surfaces createcontinuous sealing
Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and multi-lobeconfigurations
GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
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Screw pumps carry fluid in the
spaces between the screw threads. The fluid is displaced axially as the
screws mesh.
GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
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Piston slide arm movesaround inside a slot in thecasing.
An eccentric cam rotates thecircular plunger (shown ingray) around the edge of thecasing, fluid is swirled around
the edge to the outlet port. It is not in use now and is
mainly of historical curiosity.
GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
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GEAR PUMPS
LOBE PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
CAM PUMPS
VANE PUMPS
ROTARY PUMPS
The vanes are in slots in the rotor.
Rotor spins, centrifugal force pushesthe vanes out to touch the casing,where they trap and propel fluid.
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP? WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
ADVANTEGAES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
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WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
Convert the mechanical energy intohydraulic energy by centrifugal forceon the liquid
Constitute the most common type ofpumping machinery
Used to move liquids through a pipingsystem
Has two main components:
1. Stationary componets, casing,casing cover and bearings
2. Rotating components, impeller andshaft
Classified into three categories ;Radial Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow
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WORKING MECHANISM OF A
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Simplest piece of equipmentin any process plant
Energy changes occur byvirtue of impeller and volute
Liquid is fed into the pump atthe center of a rotatingimpeller and thrown outwardby centrifugal force
The conversion of kinetic
energy into pressure energysupplies the pressuredifference between thesuction side and delivery sideof the pump
Liquid flow path inside acentrifugal pump
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ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIGUGAL
PUMPS
Advantages
Simple in construction and cheap
Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
No metal to metal fits
No valves involved in pump operation Maintenance costs are lower
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DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Disadvantages
Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently
Cannot be operated at high heads
Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range ofconditions
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PUMPING PROBLEMS
Cavitation
Reduces the pump capacity
Causes metal removal
reduced flowloss in efficiency
and noise
To avoid cavitation NPSH
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POWER AND EFFICIENCY
CALCULATIONS
The power supplied to the pump:
Where m=mass flow rate, kg/s
H= total discharge head, N.m/kg=efficiency
(1)
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The power delivered to the fluid:
(2)
From equations (1) and (2) efficiency:
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PUMP SELECTION
The amount of fluid
The properties of the fluid
Type of power supply
Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump
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CAPACITY
LOW HIGH
GEAR LOBE CENTRIFUGAL
PRESSURE
SMALL ORMODERATE
MODERATEOR HIGH
ROTARY
PLUNGER
or
ROTARYPISTON
RECIPROCATINGor
RIGID SCREW
HIGHER
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REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
2. www.cheresources.com
3. www.pumpworld.com/contents.htm4. www.rpi.edu./dept/chem-eng/
Biotech-Environ/PUMPS/intro.html
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Thanksfor listening