Unit 3 ReviewChapters 2-9

LEP Chapters 1-7

AMSCO

2

Journey between Africa and New World

20% death rate

Middle Passage

Colonial Period

3

Attempt by Puritans to enlarge church membership in order to include those faithful members who had not become one of the

“elect”

Half Way Covenant 1662

4

WHEN: (1739) WHAT:

earliest known organized act of rebellion against slavery

60 to 100 slavesburned houses and killed whites

Get to Florida…Get FreedomSad ending…

RESULT:Led to more strict slave codes

Stono Rebellion

Colonial Period

5

It was a theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength (more

gold and silver) depended on exporting more than it imported. It manifested itself in triangular trade

and in laws passed between the mid-1600s and the mid 1700s, such as the Navigation Acts (1651-1673),

aimed at fostering British economic dominance.• Mercantilism

Colonial Period

6

The survival of the Jamestown colony can be most directly attributed to

what??

Development of Tobacco

Colonial Period

7

This was the first genuine unified movement of the

American colonies

First Great Awakening

Colonial Period

8

A leader of Protestant Reformation.

He believed in predestination (God had already decided who was

saved). John Calvin

Colonial Period

9

He differed from other Puritan ministers in his emphasis on the

individual’s private religious conscience

Roger Williams

Colonial Period

10

Crops of southern colonies

(Chesapeake) – tobacco, (Carolina and Georgia) – rice and indigo

Colonial Period

11

Describe how the Europeans regarded Native Americans

in the 1500s and 1600s

inferior subject to Christian domination

Colonial Period

12

It is often cited as the first example of self-government in

the Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far

north of the land that was rightfully theirs, signed it to

establish a “civil body politic” under the sovereignty of James

I.• Mayflower Compact

Colonial Period

13

In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 settlers in a war

against the local Native Americans. When Virginia’s royal governor questioned his actions,

he and his men burned and looted Jamestown. It showed the

increasing hostility between the poor and the wealthy in the

Chesapeake region.• Bacon’s Rebellion

Colonial Period

14

The trial of Peter Zenger in New York has been considered an

important step in the development of what?

freedom of press

15

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the

colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He

envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city

upon a hill” from which Puritans would spread religious

righteousness throughout the world.• John Winthrop

Colonial Period

16

Formation of the Ohio Company

Desire of Massachusetts colonists to clear the French

out of CanadaWashington and Braddock’s

attack on Fort DuquesneFrench exploration in the Great

Lakes French and Indian War

Colonial Period

17

System which granted parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres to colonists

who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more

colonists.Headright System

Colonial Period

18

During the French and Indian War, this was a plan by Ben Franklin

calling for colonial unity

Albany Plan

Colonial Period

19

Define as a person who wished to break away from the impure

Church of England

Separatist

Colonial Period

20

Winter of (1609-1610) – Settlers didn’t farm so they

were reduced to eating “doggs, Catts, Ratts, Myce”

and each other

Numbers go from 400 - 60Starving times

Colonial Period

21

Majority of people came to America in colonial period for

this reason

Seek economic gain

Colonial Period

22

This rebellion was a reaction to the westward movement of English

soldiers

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Colonial Period

23

*Delegates from different colonies held a protest meeting

in NY*Sons of Liberty threatened tax

officials*Colonists boycotted British

goods*London merchants suffered

from reduction in tradeStamp Act

AGE OF EXPLORATION

24

Parliament’s efforts to improve the profits of the

British East India Company led to this extreme event

Boston Tea Party

Colonial Period

25

People have right to revolt against tyranny

People have rights simply because they are humanSovereignty resides in the

peopleFundamental purpose of

govt is to protect people’s rightsEnlightenment philosophy

Colonial Period

26

It was the ship that carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic from

the Netherlands to Plymouth Plantation in 1620 (the Pilgrims

had fled England to the Netherlands before heading to the

New World).

• Mayflower

Colonial Period

27

Colonists in the NE formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and the encroaching Dutch.

The colonists formed the alliance without the English

crown’s authorization.

• New England Confederation

Colonial Period

28

This pamphlet dealt with arguments for independence

in mid 1770s

• Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Colonial Period

29

He was an English settler in Jamestown. He married the daughter of the chief of the

Native American Powhatan tribe, Pocahontas, and introduced the Jamestown colonists to West Indian tobacco in 1616.

Tobacco soon became the lifeblood of Jamestown colony, bringing in much

revenue and many immigrants eager for a share in the colony’s expanding wealth.

• John Rolfe

Colonial Period

30

Passage of Intolerable Acts led to the establishment of what political

body in colonial America?

First Continental Congress

31

An English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after

receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a “holy experiment” based on religious

tolerance.

• William Penn

Colonial Period

32

Fishing rights off the coast of Canada

British recognition of US independence

Western Boundary on Mississippi River

Treaty of Paris

Revolutionary America

33

Capitalized on the complaints of his fellow poor farmers, and

went on to lead a rebellion against local native villages, Successful in defeating Sir

William Berkley's forces, and then set fire to Jamestown

Nathaniel Bacon

Colonial Period

34

Farmer’s revolt in Mass. Against collection of state taxes

States refusing to honor Treaty of Paris

Worthless paper money printed in many states

States restricting trade with one another

Dissatisfaction with Articles of Confederation

Colonial Period

35

A large estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical

areas) – THINK Southern Colonies and West Indies

plantation

Colonial Period

36

Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker because of previous religious disagreements, it

led to the 1st written constitution in North

America (Fundamental Orders). Connecticut

Colonial Period

37

It was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the

rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English

colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and

urging a personal understanding of truth.

• First Great Awakening

Colonial Period

38

Passed under the mercantilist system, they (1651-1673) regulated trade in

order to benefit the British economy. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods

to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the

production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial

competition in large scale manufacturing.• Navigation Acts

Colonial Period

39

This group argued that the Constitution lacked a Bill of

Rights

Anti-Federalists

40

They were usually white adult males who bound themselves to labor in the colonies for a fixed number or years in order to secure their freedom. Some

immigrants came to the colonies willingly, while others were criminals,

and still others were kidnapped or manipulated into coming in order to remedy the severe labor shortage in

the colonies.• Indentured servitude

Colonial Period

41

Federalist Papers were written by these men

Hamilton, Madison, Jay

42

He was an English explorer who established England’s first

American colony in 1585. This settlement was off the coast of

North Carolina, on Roanoke Island.

Sir Walter Raleigh

AGE OF EXPLORATION

43

This was added to the Constitution protect

individual liberties from the power of the federal

government

Bill of Rights

44

Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English

government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial

economy.

It’s purpose was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French

territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and

Indian War.• Salutary neglectColonial Period

45

Fancy word for 2 house legislature (this was a trend

in colonial government)?

bicameral

Colonial Period

46

To have a healthy one, a nation should have more

exports than imports

Balance of Trade

Colonial Period

47

Under the Articles of Confederation, sovereignty was in the hands of the……

States

Colonial Period

48

Great example of an early Joint-Stock Company (think

about Jamestown).

Virginia Company

Colonial Period

49

Name of the rebellion that occurred under the

government of the Articles of Confederation

Shay’s Rebellion

Colonial Period

50

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all

other powers, vested by this Constitution in the

Government of the United States

Elastic clause

51

Intolerable Acts led to this political body

First Continental Congress

Colonial Period

52

Ideas of an englishman and frenchman strongly

influenced the Constitution

John Locke and Montesquieu

Colonial Period

53

Europeans brought:crops: wheat, rice, coffee, bananas, and olives; and animals: horses, cows, pigs, and chickensDiseases: yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria

Americas contributed:crops: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, lima beans,

squash, peanuts, cassava, cacao, and pineapple a virulent form of syphilis

Columbian Exchange

AGE OF EXPLORATION

54

Roger Williams started this colony in 1636 which had total religious freedom and

separation of church and state.

Friendly to Native Americans

becomes most religiously and politically (liberal) tolerant colony = DIVERSITY!

safe haven for unorthodox faiths?

Rhode Island

Colonial Period

55

During the debates on the Constitution, agreement on the respective powers of the House and Senate and representation

of House and Senate

Great Compromise

56

A general term for any one of a group of Spanish explorers in the

New World who sought to take control, establish dominance, and

prosper from the natural resources, including gold. They

established a large empire stretching from Mexico to Chile.

Conquistador

AGE OF EXPLORATION

57

Creation of U.S. bankCollection of Federal excise tax on

whiskeyPayment of state debts by federal

governmentTariffs to protect infant U.S.

industries

Hamilton’s financial programs

Early National Republic

58

He effectively saved Jamestown from collapse in 1608, its first year

of existence. His initiatives to improve sanitation, to organize farming, and to build shelters dramatically lowered mortality

rates among Jamestown colonists.

John Smith

AGE OF EXPLORATION

59

The first English settlement in the New World. It was off the coast of

North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first

English child born on here. The settlement failed, and no one

knows what became of the people who first settled there.

Roanoke

AGE OF EXPLORATION

60

These resolutions were in response to Alien and Sedition

Acts. It stated that states could nullify acts of Congress

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Early National Republic

61

He published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found

not guilty.

The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the

colonies.John Peter Zenger

Colonial Period

62

Established in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, is considered to be the first representative

government in the New World. It consisted of 22

representatives from 11 districts of colonists.

• House of Burgesses

Colonial Period

63

In the absence of government funding, these formed to accrue funding for

colonization through the sale of public shares. They dominated English

colonization throughout the seventeenth century.

• Joint-stock companies

Colonial Period

64

Set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was

a church system in which each local church served as the center

of its own community. This structure stood in contrast to the Church of England, in which the

single state church held sway over all local churches.

• Congregationalism

Colonial Period

65

A dissenter, he clashed with Massachusetts Puritans over the issue of separation of church and state. After being banished from

Massachusetts in 1636, he traveled south, where he founded the colony of Rhode Island, which granted full religious freedom to

its inhabitants.• Roger Williams

Colonial Period

66

Name for business under the mercantilist system which linked

England, its colonies in North America, the West Indies, and Africa.

New England rum was shipped to Africa and traded for slaves, who were brought to the West Indies and traded for sugar and molasses, which went

back to New England.• Triangular Trade

Colonial Period

67

They were English Protestants who would not accept

allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Example:

the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to other

settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England.

• Separatists

Colonial Period

68

In 1692, several girls accused their neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100 people were tried as witches, and 19 women and one man were executed. Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually helped stop the trials and executions. Where did

this occur?

• Salem, Massachusetts

Colonial Period

69

They were a Protestant group aiming to “cleanse” the Anglican Church. In the early 1600s, they suffered religious persecution

in England and emigrated to the Americas. The first group of them established the

Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston. From Boston, their influence in North America

spread throughout the region of New England and with it came a focus on family

life and a pious restraint of passion.

• Puritans

Colonial Period

70

They were a group of English Separatists who had originally

sought refuge in the Netherlands. In 1620, they sailed to Plymouth

on the Mayflower and established the colony of Plymouth Plantation.

• Pilgrims

Colonial Period

71

1st common experience of colonies

New protestant divisions grew: (Baptists and Methodists)

New universities were created: Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton

First Great Awakening - results

Colonial Period

72

Itinerant preacher, great speaker he helped start the

Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."

George Whitefield

Colonial Period

73

Delivered famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

sermon (1741) and is credited for starting the First

Great Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards

Colonial Period

74

English Political Party

favored changes (liberal)

wanted strong parliament

Whigs

Colonial Period

75

Started Maryland as a religious haven for Catholics.

Lord Baltimore

Colonial Period

76

Believed in the power of one’s “inner light” or that

the power of God resided in the soul of the individual. They led to William Penn’s

“Holy Experiment”

Quakers

Colonial Period

77

A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth

in 1620 and was chosen governor 30 times.

William Bradford

Colonial Period

78

The Southern Colonies (names)?

Chesapeake (Virginia, Maryland), Carolinas, and Georgia

Colonial Period

79

King James II of England decreed the creation of this as a measure to enforce the

Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual

defense of colonies against the French and hostile

Native Americans. Dominion of New England

Colonial Period

80

Large farming estates, large tracks of land, popular in the

south.

Plantation System

Colonial Period

81

“First constitution" in colonial America, drafted by Thomas Hooker (hint) and others; served as a model for future constitutions; power of government to come from the people.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639

Colonial Period

82

He founded Connecticut in for religious reasons

(Massachusetts bay was too strict). Led to the

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut!

Thomas Hooker

Colonial Period

83

To vote in a puritan church you had to be a member of elect, to be an member of the elect you had to have

this? You had to document “this” to be a member of the

“elect”. conversion experience

Colonial Period

84

This act was created because of the fear that more

Protestants would come to Lord Baltimore’s colony, and

persecute the Catholics there. It stated, if you believed in the divinity of Jesus then you had

religious freedom. Maryland Act of Religious Toleration 1649

Colonial Period

85

Middle colonies consisted of? –

Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware

Colonial Period

86

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony (a debtor

colony and buffer colony to protect the Carolinas from

raids from Spanish Florida).

James Oglethorpe

Colonial Period

87

When King James II was dethroned and replaced by

King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of

New York started this rebellion?

It represented the poor and working class, resulting in class

tension. Leisler's Rebellion

Colonial Period

88

Puritans moved across the Atlantic seeking religious

freedom and a new start (in large numbers during the

1630s-1640s).

The Great Puritan Migration

Colonial Period

89

Mass Bay Colony (economy) primarily consisted of?

Primarily fishing, shipbuilding and timber

Colonial Period

90

a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. She was expelled from the colony in 1637 and traveled southward

with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of

Portsmouth, Rhode Island.• Anne Hutchinson

Colonial Period

91

It applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were

the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved a “conversion

experience” themselves. It allowed them to participate in

some church affairs.Halfway Covenant

Colonial Period

92

Indians who fought with Jamestown colony,

Pocahontas was one. John Smith helped have friendly

relations with them?

Powhatans

Colonial Period

93

one of the strongest and longest lasting Native

American alliancesNearly wiped out New

France

Iroquois League/Confederation

Colonial Period

94

power to tax and spend public money

power of the purse

Colonial Period

95

required that a man's real property pass in its entirety

to his oldest son

Primogeniture

Colonial Period

96

Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state

between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida.

Georgia

Colonial Period

97

William Penn's title for his colony in Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with Indians, freedom

of religion

“Holy Experiment”

Colonial Period

98

Unpopular governor ( harsh rule and heavy taxes) of New

Netherlands who swore to defend the city, but the

colonists refused to help him. In the end, he surrendered to

the English without firing a shot.

Peter Stuyvesant

Colonial Period

99

A colony settled in Virginia to make money. It was the

first permanent English settlement. Founded in 1607

by the Virginia company (joint-stock company)

Jamestown

Colonial Period

100

Daughter of Powhatan, member of Powhatan tribe, saved captain John Smith's life and married John Rolfe

(led to a time of peace between the English and the

Indians)Pocahontas

Colonial Period

101

Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics,

created the Act of Religious Toleration (1949) and had

tobacco plantations?

Maryland

Colonial Period

102

Colony founded in 1620 by the separatist Pilgrims who

came over on the Mayflower. Located on Cape Cod in New

England.

Plymouth

Colonial Period

103

Native American who had lived in Europe and spoke

English. He helped the Pilgrims learn to fertilize soil on their farms and establish relations with Massasoit, a chief of the Wampanoags

Squanto

Colonial Period

104

One of the first colonies in New England; established in 1630

by puritans. John Winthrop was first governor and Boston was

capital. Brought lots of families and grew as a result of the Great Puritan Migration?

Mass. Bay Colony

Colonial Period

105

a purely democratic form of government common in the Middle

and New England colonies (especially New England)

voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy

taxes, and pass laws

EXAMLE OF SELF GOVERNMENT Town meetings

Colonial Period

106

New England Colonies?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

Colonial Period

107

Middle Colonies?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Colonial Period

108

Southern Colonies

Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Colonial Period

109

the oldest college in America (1636), which reflected

puritan commitment to an educated ministry

Harvard

Colonial Period

110

WHO: Wampanoags and Narragansetts were angry

about losing more land to colonists.

WHAT:tribes united to drive English off of land

RESULTS:thousands died, many villages (52) burned

3,000 Native Americans, 1,000 colonistslast major attempt to stop colonial spread in New

England

King Philip’s War

Colonial Period

111

English Political Party

favored little change (conservative)

favored powerful monarch

Tories

Colonial Period