Unit 3: Road to Revolution

TSSBAT = The Student Should be Able To:Predict how the French and Indian War will help lead to a future crisis between the colonists and Great Britain.Explain the reasons colonists resisted British taxes. Analyze the Declaration of Independence.

French and Indian War• The fighting in

North America in 1754 lead to a new war in Europe known as the Seven Years War. It was the first World War because there was fighting across multiple continents.

Seven years WarCauses1. Mercantilism — both countries were in America to build wealth.

Colonialism = Imperialism

2. Continuation of conflicts in Europe between France, Spain, and Great Britain.

3. Colonists wanted to move westward and claim land in the Ohio Valley. Great Britain had to protect them.

4. Native Americans began to take sides with either France or Great Britain escalating the conflict.

French and Indian War

• Part of the Seven Years' War

(1754 & 1756–1763)

How do you think this will affect the colonists in the future?

Fort Duquesne

• Was British Fort Prince George.

• After French took it over, they renamed it.

1763 Treaty of Paris

• Ended Seven Years War

• Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal Signed.

Proclamation of 1763

• Forbids colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Chief Pontiac / Chief Pontiac’s War

• Ottawa Leader

• He launched offensives against other tribes in the Great Lakes region.

Seven Years WarLong Term Effects1. Colonists form militias to fight with the British Army. The

British would train their future revolutionaries.

2. Colonists are angered by the Proclamation Act of 1763. It would be one cause of colonial unrest leading to revolution.

3. Great Britain is forced to raise money and tax the colonists to cover the costs of protecting them. Colonists become angered by taxes leading to revolution.

Currency Act

• Took control over colonial currency

• They had been making bills of credit

British Controls and Colonial Reactions

• To pay for the war debt (140 million pounds), Britain issues a series of new taxes on the colonies.

Intolerable Acts or Coercive Acts

• Tea Act• Sugar Act• Currency Act• Proclamation of 1763• Stamp Act• Quartering Act• Declaratory Act• Townshend Act

Causes for American Revolution

Declaratory Act• Asserted the right

of Parliament to make laws for the colonies.

Boycott

• Refusing to buy a product or service.

Sugar Act

• Titled The American Revenue Act of 1764

• Actually reduced tax from 6 pence to 3.

• England increased navy presence to prevent smuggling.

Notes Taxation without Representation #14

Quartering Act

Began Quartering soldiers Began Quartering soldiers during French / Indian during French / Indian War.War.

Quartering is when civilians Quartering is when civilians are forced to house and are forced to house and feed military officers feed military officers and soldiers. and soldiers.

Propaganda

• Information given with the intent to influence you to think or feel a certain way.

• Designed to persuade an audience.

Notes Taxation without Representation #14

Quartering ActWith the arrival of new troops to protect the colonists during the French & With the arrival of new troops to protect the colonists during the French &

Indian War the practice of quartering began. Indian War the practice of quartering began.

Quartering is when civilians are forced to house and feed military officers and Quartering is when civilians are forced to house and feed military officers and soldiers. The actual law was passed in 1765 after resistance began against soldiers. The actual law was passed in 1765 after resistance began against taxes.taxes.

Act of 1765Act of 1765

““if its soldiers outnumbered the housing available, would quarter them in inns, livery stables, ale houses, and the if its soldiers outnumbered the housing available, would quarter them in inns, livery stables, ale houses, and the houses of sellers of wine, houses of persons selling of rum, brandy, strong water”houses of sellers of wine, houses of persons selling of rum, brandy, strong water”

““if numbers required in uninhabited houses, barns, or other buildings, requiring any inhabitants (or in their if numbers required in uninhabited houses, barns, or other buildings, requiring any inhabitants (or in their absence, public officials) to provide them with food and alcohol, and providing for fire, candles, vinegar, salt, absence, public officials) to provide them with food and alcohol, and providing for fire, candles, vinegar, salt, bedding, and utensils for the soldiers without paying any thing for the same.” bedding, and utensils for the soldiers without paying any thing for the same.”

This act was repealed in 1770, but later replaced with additional quartering lawsThis act was repealed in 1770, but later replaced with additional quartering laws

Stamp Act

• 1st serious attempt to assert control over the colonies.

• Britain faced huge debt after seven years war.

Notes British Controls & Colonial Reactions #15

Tea ActTea Act((response to boycotts/protests of response to boycotts/protests of

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts))

After the Boston Massacre (1770),After the Boston Massacre (1770), Parliament repeals many of the Parliament repeals many of the Townshend taxes. The tax on tea Townshend taxes. The tax on tea continues.continues. Tea becomes the symbol Tea becomes the symbol of the taxing the colonists.of the taxing the colonists.

In 1773, a In 1773, a special tax was started to special tax was started to protect a British tea company over protect a British tea company over colonial companies. A British colonial companies. A British company did not have to pay the large company did not have to pay the large tax on tea.tax on tea.

Tea Act

• Put forth no new taxes. • Was intended to help the East India Company• They shipped huge amounts of tea at a

bargain price, but the Townshend Acts were in place

• Therefore, the colonists thought this was a ploy to gain popular support for Townshend Acts.

Notes British Controls & Colonial Reactions #15

Tea ActTea ActIn 1773, In 1773, a special tax was started to a special tax was started to protect a British tea company over colonial protect a British tea company over colonial companies. A British company did not have companies. A British company did not have to pay the large tax on tea.to pay the large tax on tea.

Colonial Reaction—Boston Tea PartyColonial Reaction—Boston Tea Party

Describe the events after watching Describe the events after watching the video clip.the video clip.

Boston Tea Party

• On December 16, 1773.

• 60 or 70 Sons of Liberty dressed as natives threw the $3 million of tea into Boston Harbor.

Notes: “Blows Must Decide” #16

Colonists expected that if fighting Colonists expected that if fighting against the British Broke out, it against the British Broke out, it would begin in would begin in Boston.Boston.

The minutemen were the militia of The minutemen were the militia of Massachusetts around Boston, Massachusetts around Boston, that said they were willing to that said they were willing to fight on a moments noticefight on a moments notice..

As the colonial militias were As the colonial militias were forming……King George forming……King George announced to Parliament that announced to Parliament that the New England Colonies were the New England Colonies were “in a state of “in a state of Rebellion.Rebellion.””

Notes British Controls & Colonial Reactions #15

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts((reaction to boycotting Stamp Taxreaction to boycotting Stamp Tax))

After repealing the Stamp Act, After repealing the Stamp Act, Parliament needs to raise Parliament needs to raise money still.money still. Parliament Parliament passes apasses a new group of taxes new group of taxes on all imported goods into on all imported goods into the colonies. the colonies.

Colonial Reaction—Colonial Reaction—colonists colonists boycott all British goods boycott all British goods imported (nonimportation). imported (nonimportation).

Charles Townshend

King’s Treasurer

Patrick Henry speaking to the Virginia

Assembly in protest of the Townshend Acts

Militia• A military force of

ordinary citizens.

The Black Regiment

• Group of pastors who fought for America during the Revolution.

• Named for their black robes.

Notes British Controls & Colonial Reactions #15

Colonial Reaction—Colonial Reaction—Paul Paul Revere’s engraving Revere’s engraving of the Boston of the Boston Massacre. The Massacre. The image changes image changes opinions opinions throughout the throughout the colonies about the colonies about the British.British.

Boston MassacreBoston MassacreAfter being harassed by After being harassed by

colonists carrying colonists carrying clubs and throwing clubs and throwing rocks, British soldiers rocks, British soldiers open fire on the open fire on the colonists.colonists.

Thomas Paine

• Wrote Common Sense

• Questioned Divine Right of Kings

• Very influential during Revolutionary War.

In January of 1776, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense.

Paine writes that it is common sense that ordinary men can run a government and the revolution from the king is inevitable.

Thomas Paine – Common Sense

Albany Plan

• Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in an attempt to unite the separate colonies.

Albany Plan• The new

government would:

(1)regulate Colonial-Indian relations

(2)resolve territorial disputes between colonies

(3)Be able to tax the colonies

(4)Be a way to raise a Colonial Army

NOTESThe Albany Plan #13

1st and 2nd Continental Congress’

• Legislature during the Revolutionary War

• 1774 -1789

Battle of Bunker Hill aka Breed’s Hill

• Took place in Boston

• Was considered the defeat of the colonists at the time.

BUNKER

HILL

Olive Branch Petition

• It was an attempt to assert the rights of the colonists while maintaining their loyalty to the British crown.

• King George refused to read the petition and on August 23 proclaimed that the colonists had "proceeded to open and avowed rebellion."

Notes: Lexington and Concord = First battle “Shot heard around the world” “Blows Must Decide” #16

Declaration of Independence

• Part 1:Statement of Individual rights

• Part 3:Declaring independence

• Part 2:List of grievances

Notes British Controls & Colonial Reactions #15

Effect: British Parliament repeals StampAct, and passes Declaratory Act and

Townshend Acts

Effect: Protestors burn effigies, boycotts,Stamp Act Congress Resolution.

Effect: Parliament must implement new Stamp Act—a new tax on all printed materials

Effect: Colonists continue to smugglegoods and avoid the tax on Sugar

Effect: British Parliament passes the Sugar Act—a tax on sugar/molasses

Cause: After winning the French & Indian War, Great Britain has a war debt

Effect: King orders General Cage to Take away ammunitions—Battle of

Lexington & Concord

British Parliament passes Intolerable Acts, 1773

Effect: 1st Continental Congress petitions the king

Effect: Colonists continue to protest. Violence erupts (Boston Massacre) and

Boycotting gets hostile (Boston Tea Party)

Effect: 2nd Continental Congress formsa central government and ContinentalArmy, and drafts Olive Branch Petition

Effect: King rejects Olive Branch Petition. King orders the removal of Rebels from

Boston.

Effect: 2nd Continental Congress declaresindependence.