Unit 4 People and their lives

Vocabulary

British بريطانى

grandparents األجداد

Australia استراليا

apartment شقة

wife زوجة

language لغة

husband زوج

Mandarin اللغة الرسمية فىالصين

daughter ابنة

the most common االكثرشيوعا

son ابن

billion بليون

child طفل speaker / متحدثمتكلم

children أطفال

sports العاب رياضية

teach/taught /taught يعلم

table tennis تنسطاولة

biology علماألحياء

favourite مفضل

study يدرس

giant عمالق

medicine / الطبدواء

panda حيوانالباندا

sporty family أسرة تعشقالرياضة

mountains الجبال

sailing ابحار

successfully بنجاح

charity جمعية خيرية / صدقة event حدث

disabilities اعاقاتجسدية

historical place مكانتاريخى

Chinese اللغة الصينية / صينى ride / rode / ridden يركب)حصان(

China الصين

fly / flew / flown / يطيريسافر

design يصمم

crocodile تمساح

architecture هندسةمعمارية

beat يهزم / يفوزعلى

architect مهندس exhausted = extremely tired

معمارى مرهقgovernment / حكومةحكومى

generosity / كرمجود

building مبنى generous / كريمجواد

graduate / يتخرجخريج

national hero بطلقومى

interpreter مترجمفورى

heroic بطولى

busy مشغول

proud فخور

town مدينة صغيرة pride / فخر / كبرياءاعتزاز

Italy ايطاليا athlete رياضى

Italian ايطالى / لغة ايطالية swimmer سباح

northern شمالى area منطقة geography جغرافيا

primary school مدرسةابتدائية

over ما يزيد عن swimming championship بطولةالسباحة

Swedish سويدى champion بطل

manager مدير

swimming pool حمام سباحة

hotel فندق train / يتدربيتمرن

capital عاصمة

trainer مدرب

still مازال

the English Channel القنالاالنجليزية

parents الوالدان

Turkey تركيا

cross يعبر

narrow ضيق

professional محترف

sporting hero بطلرياضى

continue يستمر فى pension معاش

long-distance race سباق مسافاتطويلة

report تقرير

swimming race سباق السباحة headline )عنوان )فى صحيفةfame شهرة the crocodile of the Nile تمساح

النيلbeach بالج

nickname لقب

drown يغرق

sportsman رياضى

injure يصيب sportswoman رياضية

admire يعجببـ

restaurant مطعم

brave شجاع drowning الغرق

achievements انجازات

main رئيسى

finally أخيرا / فى النهاية details تفاصيل

determination / تصميم عزيمة

Russia روسيا

loyalty / والءاخالص

sympathetic متعاطف

postpone يؤجل

president رئيس

retirement التقاعد عن العمل qualities صفات

Expressions & Idioms

live in يعيش فى after a request from بناء علىطلب

live with يعيشمع

move to ينتقل الى

at university فىالجامعة

at the age of فىسن

in three years فى خالل ثالثسنوات

play a sport يلعب لعبةرياضية

work for يعمل لدى all over the world فى كل أنحاءالعالم

do architecture يدرس الهندسة المعمارية

in the same year فى نفسالعام

take … on trips يأخذ .... فىرحالت

without a break بدون راحة أوتوقف

at a hotel فى فندق graduate from يتخرجمن

on a news program فى برنامجاخبارى

give his name to يطلق اسمهعلى

be from يكونمن

retire from يتقاعدمن

in the third year فى الصفالثالث

give up يتوقفعن

at secondary school فى المدرسةالثانوية

save ……from .... ينقذمن

at home فى المنزل

go for a walk يذهب للنزهة

spend time with يقضى الوقت name … after يسمى

مع باسمgo to England يذهب الىانجلترا

in the world فىالعالم

change …. into .... يحولالى

go into hospital يدخل المستشفى

be married to متزوجمن

hear of

break a record for يحطم الرقم القياسى لـ

find out يكتشف

proud of فخوربـ

lose against يخسرضد

swim across يسبحعبر

pleased with مسرورمن

sum up / يلخصيوجز

end with ينهى بـ

Word Families

Noun اسم Verb فعل Adjective صفةdisagreement اختالف disagree يختلف / ال

يوافقdisagreeable كريه

enjoyment متعة

enjoy يستمتعبـ

enjoyable ممتع

generosity / كرمجود

x generous / كريمجواد

hero بطل

x heroic بطولى

helper مساعد

help يساعد helpful معين / ذو فائدة helpless ال حول له و ال قوة

pride الفخر

x proud فخور

relaxation استرخاء relax يسترخى Relaxingمشجع على االسترخاء

trainer مدرب train يدرب x

Confusable Words interpreter / translator: interpreter: مترجم فورى.شفهى - I want to work as an interpreter. translator: مترجم نصوص - My uncle is a translator; he translates documents, and official papers.

prize / present:

prize: ) جائزة )يحصل عليها الفرد نتيجة فوزه فى سباق أو مسابقة - He won the race and got the first prize.

present: )هدية )تقدم لشخص فى مناسبة ما أو كنوع من الشكر - I receive a lot of presents on my birthday.

beat / win: win: )a championship بطولة / a race سباق / a competition مسابقة / a match /

a game / a prize( يفوز بـ / يكسب beat: )someone شخص / a team يهزم )فريق

teach / learn teach: يعلم - She taught English to foreign students. learn: يتعلم - They learn Russian at school.

historic / historical historic: )famous or important in history( ذو أهمية تاريخية historic building مبنى / place مكان / event حدث / day يوم/ date تاريخ

historical: )connected with the study of history( مرتبط بدراسة التاريخ historical research بحث / papers أبحاث / studies دراسات / plays مسرحيات / films أفالم / novels روايات

retire / resign: retire: - Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. resign: - He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

Language Notes

like + v. + ing: يحب - I like sailing in my free time.

enjoy + v. + ing: - I enjoy meeting new people.

children with disabilities: children who suffer from disabilities أطفال معاقون - We should take care of children with disabilities. )who( We should take care of children who suffer from disabilities.

spend + مدة زمنية + v. + ing: - He spent two hours playing the piano.

decide + to + inf. : - He decided to buy a new mobile.

at the age of: فى سن - Abu-Heif broke a record when he was 17. )age( Abu-Heif broke a record at the age of 17.

so ……. that: جدا لدرجة أن فعل + فاعل + so + صفة أو حال + that + جملة

- He was very strong. He could carry the heavy box. )so……….that(He was so strong that he could carry the heavy box.

such …… that: جدا لدرجة أن فعل + فاعل + such + a/an اسم+ صفة + that + جملة - It was a very exciting film. I saw it many times. )such……..that( It was such an exciting film that I saw it many times.

What about + v. + ing…………?: ما رأيم فى = Why don't we / you + inf. ……?: و لما ال = Let's + inf. ………? هيا بنا - Let's go to the club? )What / Why( What about going to the club? Why don't we go to the club?

Reading

The world's best swimmer Abu-Heif was one of the best Egyptian athletes ever. In 2001, he won a prize

as the best swimmer of the 20th century. Abdel-Latif Abu-Heif was born in 1929 in the Anfoushi area of Alexandria. His

father was a primary school teacher and Abu-Heif was the tenth of twelve sons in the family. As a boy, he spent a lot of his time swimming in the sea. At the age of ten, he won the Egyptian primary school swimming championship. After this, he moved to Cairo and trained at al-Ahli Club.

In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous when he swam across the English Channel. In 1953, he crossed the Channel again. This time he broke the record by crossing in 13 hours and 45 minutes. When he returned to Egypt, the people welcomed him as a national hero.

Abu-Heif continued to train for seven hours a day and to swim in long-distance races all over the world. In 1963, in Toronto, he beat Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world. In the same year, he won the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without a break. All the other swimmers had given up because they were exhausted. Egypt was so proud of its world famous swimmer that they gave his name to a beach at al-Anfoushi.

In 1966, Abu-Heif decided to retire from swimming. However, President Nasser asked him to think again. So Abu-Heif continued to swim and win prizes until 1975, when he finally retired at the age of 46.

Abu-Heif was also famous for his generosity. He gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a British swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. He also gave money to the family of a French swimmer who injured his back during a race in France. Abu-Heif died in April 2008.

As a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest athlete of all time, Abu-Heif was visited by kings and other important people. His ability as a swimmer was so incredible that doctors and scientists came to Egypt to study him because they wanted to know what made him such a powerful swimmer.

For many years, Abu-Heif was not seen on television or read about in newspapers. In 2006, at the age of 79, he went into hospital because he had a weak heart. When he died in April 2008, it was not important news. For older people, Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest sporting hero, but some younger people do not even know his name.

"Crocodile of the Nile" breaks record crossing Channel Yesterday, Abdel-Lalif Abu-Heif, 22, from Alexandria in Egypt, broke the

world record for swimming across the English Channel. Abu-Heif swam the 32 kilometres between England and France in 13 hours and 45 minutes. This is the narrowest part of English Channel

The first person who swam across the Channel was Matthew Webb in 1875. His crossing took 21 hours and 45.

Questions & answers:

1- What do you know about Abu-Heif?- He was one of the best Egyptian athletes. In 2001, he won a prize as the

best swimmer of the 20th century.

2-What prize did Abu-Heif win in 2001?- He won a prize as the best swimmer of the 20th century.

3- When and where was Abu-Heif born?- He was horn in 1929 in the Anfoushi area of Alexandria.

4- What was Abu-Heif's father?- He was a primary school teacher.

5- How many brothers did Abu-Heif have?- He had eleven brothers.

6- As a boy, how did Abu-Heif spend a lot of his time?- As a boy, he spent a lot of his time swimming in the sea.

7- What did Abu-Heif win that the age of ten?- At the age of ten, he won the Egyptian primary school swimming

championship.

8- Where did Abu-Heif move to after winning the primary school championship?- He moved to Cairo.

9- Where did Abu-Heif train when he moved to Cairo? - He trained at al-Ahli Club.

10-When and why did Abu-Heif become internationally famous?- In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous because he swam across

the English Channel.

11-When did Abu-Heif swim across the English Channel for the first time?

- He swam across the English Channel for the first time in 1951.

12-When did Abu-Heif break the world record for swimming across the English Channel?

- He broke the world record for swimming across the English Channel in 1953 in 13 hours and 45 minutes.

13-How did people welcome Abu-Heif when he returned to Egypt? - When he returned to Egypt, people welcomed him as a national hero.

14-How many hours did Abu-Heif train per day?- He trained for seven hours per day.

15-Who did Abu-Heif beat in 1963?- He beat Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world in 1963.

16-What did Abu-Heif win in 1963?- He won the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without a

break.

17-Why did all the other swimmers give up the Montreal Race?- Because they were exhausted.

18-How did Egypt show it was proud of Abu-Heif?- It named a beach after him at al-Anfoushi.

19-When did Abu-Heif decide to retire?- He decided to retire in 1966.

20-Who discouraged Abu-Heif from retiring in 1966?- President Nasser discouraged Abu-Heif from retiring in 1966.

21-When did Abu-Heif retire?- He retired at the age of 46.

22-What was Abu-Heif famous for?- He was famous for being a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest

athlete of all time. He was also famous for his generosity.

23-How was Abu-Heif generous?- He gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of

a British swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. He also gave money to the family of a French swimmer who injured his back during a race in France.

24-What qualities did Abu-Heif have that made him such a great man?- He was generous, sympathetic, and loyal to his country.

25-When did Abu-Heif die?- He died in April 2008.

26-What makes someone a national hero like Abu-Heif?- They become well-known across the world for their achievements.

27-Why did Abu-Heif go into hospital in 2006?- Because he had a weak heart.

28-Why did doctors and scientists come to Egypt to study Abu-Heif?- Because they wanted to know what made him such a powerful swimmer.

29-Do you think Egyptians should have honoured Abu-Heif more in old age? How?- Yes, by visiting him more often, conducting interviews more with him, etc.

30-Who was the first person to swim across the English Channel?- The first person to swim across the English Channel was Matthew Webb.

Choose the correct answer: 1-Employees )recycle-retire-starve-survive( at the age of sixty.2-Abu-Heif )smashed-cut-fell-broke( a world swimming record when he was

22.3-When I have free time, I spend it at home )at-in-with-of( my family.4-Mark and Fady are both )in-on-at-by( the third year at secondary school.5-I )beat-won-earned-gained( a prize for English two years ago.6-My elder brother has just )got-graded-graduated-joined( from university.7-He spent a lot of time )swimming-swim-swam-swims( in the sea.8-He was the first person to swim )by-beside-over-across( the English

Channel.9-Table tennis is my )favour-favourite-hated-disliked( sport. I like it very

much.10-My mother is the manager )from-by-at-with( a hotel in our time.11-When Abu-Heif returned to Egypt he was welcomed as a national )heroic-

hero-heroine-heroism(.12-The government )took-made-named-gave( Abu-Heif's name to a beach at

al-Anfoushi.13-Last year, we went )to-in-with-of( Australia.14-A professional )trainer-train-training-trains( helped Abu-Heif to become a

famous swimmer.15-I like most sports, but I find table tennis most )enjoy-enjoyment-enjoyed-

enjoyable(.16-To keep fit, professional athletes have to )train-trainer-training-trained(

every day.17-A balanced diet enables us to )do-make-keep-cause( fit.18-It was )enjoyable-disagreeable-unkind-generous( of him to offer to pay the

bill for us. 19-)Biology-Physics-Chemistry-Phonology( is the scientific study of living

things.20-)Community-Association-Assembly-Charity( is an organization for helping

people in need.21-)An interpreter-An accountant-A doctor-An architect( is a person who

changes spoken words of a language into another language.22-My favourite )sport-sporty-poem-meal( is table tennis.23-He is )cooking-searching-making-doing( architecture at university.24-We should give more attention to children with learning )abilities-

disabilities-habits-families(.25-Architecture is the study of )making-giving-doing-designing( buildings.26-She was awarded a school )patrol-shift-prize-ship( for her cleverness.27-If I need to )relax-relaxed-relaxation-relaxing(, I watch TV or go for a walk.28-My brother is very )helpless-helping-helpful-helper(: he often helps me

with my homework.

29-My father was very )hero-heroine-heroic-heroism( last year: he saved one of my friends from drowning.

30-Our family is a very )sport-sporting-sports-sporty( one.(8)

Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- Abu-Heif broke a record when he was 17. )age(2- Argentina beat Brazil in 1957. )lost(3- What about phoning your friend to say you'll be late? )Why…..(4- I was extremely tired that I slept for twelve hours. )exhausted(5- France lost against Italy in the final of the football competition. )beat(

Language Focus

Present perfect simple tense

البسيط التام المضارع زمن

Form: التكوين يتكون المضارع التام البسيط منhas / have + p.p .

-I have seen that film. - He has sent me an e-mail this morning.

Usage: االستخدام مستمرا.تفى الماضى و مازالبدأت ث احدأيعبر المضارع التام عن

-I've written three letters this morning. )It is still morning.(-I've lived in Cairo since 1999 / for 10 years. )I'm still living there.(

حديثا. تث تماحدأيعبر المضارع التام عن -I've just finished my first year at university.

- I’ve already told him twice.-We haven’t decided what to do for the holidays yet.

.يعبر المضارع التام عن أحداث لم تحدث بعد - She's never played tennis.

. يستخدم المضارع التام للسؤال عن خبرة شخص ما - Have you ever been to Greece?

يعبر عن حدث تم فى الماضى دون تحديد وقت حدوثه. و فى حالة تحديد وقت حدوثه نستخدم الماضى البسيط.

-She has polished her shoes. - She polished her shoes yesterday.

:يستخدم المضارع التام مع الكلمات اآلتية already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / so far / lately / recently-He has typed five letters so far.

مالحظات: يأتى بعدsince زمن يحدد بداية الحدث أما for.يأتى بعدها مدة هذا الحدث

Since 1998 / last week )year / month( / October / Sunday / this morning yesterday – lunch – then – 5 o’clock for a day ) week / moth / year ( – an hour – ages – a long time - 3 days )weeks / months / years( - the last week )year / month(

مع جاء إذا since مع جاء إذا أما التام المضارع زمن فى يكون واحد فعل sinceفعلين يكون ماضي بسيط و اآلخر مضارع تام.sinceفالفعل الذى يلى

-I haven’t seen him since last week.-I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo.

نستخدمever فى األسئلة و الجمل التى تبدأ بـ Nobody / Nothing / No one. - Have you ever been to the zoo? - Nothing like this has ever happened to us.

يمكن استخدامever.فى الجمل التى تتضمن صيغة مقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين -This is the most exciting film I have ever seen.

نستخدمnever .فى الجمل المنفية -No, I have never been to the zoo.

تستخدمyet .فى نهاية األسئلة و الجمل المنفية- Has he arrived yet? -They haven't eaten yet.

نستخدمalready .فى األسئلة و الجمل المثبتة - Have you already written to John? - He has already had dinner.

فى حالة استخدامever فى جمله بها never / before نبدأ بــ This is the first time -I have never seen a lion before. )ever( This is the first time I have ever seen a lion.

عند استخدامsince / for بدال من the last time / last / when / ago نحول الماضى البسيط إلى مضارع تام منفى.

-I last ate fish when I was in Alex. )since( I haven’t eaten fish since I was in Alex.

إذا كانت الجملة مضارع تام منفى و بدأنا بــIt’s نستخدم التركيب التالى It’s + مدة زمنية + since + فاعل + last + ماضى بسيط مثبت -I haven’t seen him for ages. )It’s……( It’s ages since I last saw him.

إذا استخدمناjust بدال من a moment ago / a short time agoنحول الماضى البسيط إلى . مثبتمضارع تام

-The train left a moment ago. )just( The train has just left.

عند استخدامago بدال من since / for نحول المضارع التام الى began / started + to + inf.

- It has rained for two hours. )ago( It began to rain two hours ago.

The present perfect continuous tense المستمر التام المضارع زمن

Form: التكوين يتكون المضارع التام المستمر منhas / have + been + v. + ing

-He has been learning English for five years.

Usage: االستخدام يستخدم المضارع التام المســتمر لنقــول أن شخصــا مــازال فى منتصــف العمــل أو أن الحــدث لم

ينتهى. - Ali’s clothes are covered in paint. He has been painting the ceiling.

أما المضارع التام البسيط فيعبر عن حدث انتهى.

- The ceiling was white. Now it’s blue. Ali has painted the ceiling. بر المضارع التام المستمر عن مدة حدوث الفعل.عي

- Mounir has been reclaiming desert land and farming it for 8 years now. - Abd-El Magid has been selling flowers since he was 21. - I’ve been waiting here for half an hour.

ظرف زمنى ( يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر معsince / for / all+ ) - He has been working there since he passed his exams.- He has been working there for a long time.- He has been playing football all day.

و غالبا ما تكون هناك كلمة تؤكد على استمرارية الحدث مثلstill / now / yet.- It has been raining for three hours now.- He has been painting his flat and he hasn’t finished yet. - He has been painting his flat and he’s still painting it.

إذا استخدمناsince / for بدال من began / started + v. + ing / inf .و أى كلمة تدل على و نستخدم المضارع التام began / startedالماضى نحذف كل ما يدل على الماضى و

المستمر. - She began learning English 5 years ago and she’s still learning it. )for( She has been learning English for 5 years and she’s still learning it.

.ال تستخدم األفعال اآلتية فى األزمنة المستمرة عندما تعبر عن شعور

agree يوافق / believe يعتقد / feel يشعر / hate يكره/ know يعرف/ like يحب/

love يحبmean يعنى / prefer / think يعتقد / wish يتمنى / understand يفهم Choose the correct answer:

1-Maria hasn’t called her parents )ever-never-yet-already(.2- John has lived in the same house )since-for-ago-in( twenty years.3-People )have been making-are making-would be making-had been

making( music for thousands of years.4-They have lived in Paris )for-ago-in-since( 1996. 5-She has worked at the university )for-ago-in-since( a long time. 6-She )has been waiting-has waited-waited-is waiting( for you all day.7-I've been working on a report )for-since-ago-from( eight o'clock this

morning.8-She )has been knowing-is knows-knew-has known( him since she was a

child.9-Have you )ever-never-always-yet( been to England?10- She )went-had been-has been-have been( to the cinema twice this

week.11- Nobody has )never-yet-always-ever( said that to me before.12- It's the first time I've )ever-never-yet-already( eaten snails.13- They )don't eat-didn't eat-hadn't eaten-haven't eaten( yet.14- I've )yet-already-always-ever( drunk three coffees this morning.15-I am a student in the third secondary grade. I )learn-learnt-am learning-

have been learning( English for eight years. Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1-I last saw him when we were in Alex. )since(2-The bus left a moment ago. )just(3-He has been in prison for the last year. )since(4-I haven't seen Tom for two years. )It's……..(5-It's years since I took any photographs. )for(

6-He has never driven a car before. )It's the first time….(7-He began looking for a job six moths ago and he's still looking now. )for(8-I haven't seen her since 2004. )I last………(9-It has been raining for three hours now. )ago(10-He hasn't written to me for three months. )The last time….(

Language Functions

What you say ResponseSuggestin

gاالقتراح

- Let’s + inf……………….. - What about + v. + ing….?- Why don’t we + inf………? - Shall we + inf……………?- I suggest + v. + ing……. - Would you like + to + inf……?

Agreeing : موافقة - It’s a good idea. / I’d love to. - That sounds nice.Refusing: رفض - I’m sorry, I’m afraid I can’t. - I’m afraid I’m busy.

Invitingدعوةال

- Come and + inf…….. . - I invite you to + inf. ………..- I’d like to invite you to + inf…. - Would you like to + inf………- May I invite you to + inf………. - Will you join us?- How about + v. + ing…….

Agreeing : - Thank you. I’d love to. - I’d be pleased to come. - Great idea.Refusing : - I’m sorry I’m busy. -I’d love to but I’m afraid I can’t.

Asking for

opinion طلب

الرأى

- What do you think of….? - What’s your opinion of…?- What about + V. + ing………….? - How do you like……….?

Approving : استحسان - It’s wonderful/interesting. - I like it very much.Disapproving : عدم استحسان - It ‘s boring/expensive

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:1- You ask your friend about his opinion of your new mobile.2- You suggest going to the club.3- You invite your friend to have dinner with you.4- You are unable to accept your friend's invitation to dinner.5- Your friend suggests going to the cinema. You agree.