Unit 4. Landscapes of the Earth Task 1. World climates The Earth has several climates zones defined by the climate conditions. There are five climate zones in the Earth : one hot zone, two temperate zones and two cold zones Hot climate zone There is one hot zone between both tropics. Temperatures are generally high due to (because) sunlight falls on the surface vertically all the year. There are three climates in this zone: equatorial, tropical and desert. Temperate zones There are two temperate zones between the tropics and the poler circles . Temperatures change all year long because sunlight reaches the surface in different oblique angles throughout the year. This causes different seasons. There are four temperate climates: Mediterranean , oceanic, continental and Chinese. Cold zones There are two cold zones above each polar circle . Sunlight falls in a extremely oblique angle so insolation is smaller. Temperatures are very cold. There is a climate in these zones : polar Mountain have a cold climate too. IES Sáenz de Buruaga Bilingual Section 1
Transcript
Unit 4. Landscapes of the Earth
Task 1. World climates
The Earth has several climates zones defined by the climate conditions. There are five climate zones in the Earth : one hot zone, two temperate zones and two cold zones
Hot climate zone
There is one hot zone between both tropics. Temperatures are generally high due to (because) sunlight falls on the surface vertically all the year.
There are three climates in this zone: equatorial, tropical and desert.
Temperate zones
There are two temperate zones between the tropics and the poler circles . Temperatures change all year long because sunlight reaches the surface in different oblique angles throughout the year. This causes different seasons.
There are four temperate climates: Mediterranean , oceanic, continental and Chinese.
Cold zones
There are two cold zones above each polar circle . Sunlight falls in a extremely oblique angle so insolation is smaller. Temperatures are very cold.
There is a climate in these zones : polar Mountain have a cold climate too.
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TASK 2 HOT CLIMATES
a. Equatorial climate
It is located near the Equator . This climate is hot ( average temperature 27ºC) and humid all year long . There is no any seasonal change .
Precipitations are abundant, about 2000 mm a year. They are regular all year long. Rainforest is the characteristic landscape of the equatorial climate. It is always dense
and green . There are a lot of species of animals and plants . Trees reaches more than fifty meters high . Sun light can´t reach smaller plants . Most rainforest are uninhabited due to heat and humidity.
Fuente:Wikipedia
b. Tropical climate
It is located between the tropics and the equator so it is just found in Africa, America , Asia and some parts of Australia. It is a hot climate that has a dry and a humid ( rainy) season. Temperatures are always high, precipitations are variable . They are from 500 to 2000 mmm.
The savannah is the characteristic landscape of the tropical climate. It is a grassland ecosystem with dispersed trees. Many herbivores live there like elephants or zebras. Big carnivores liver there too like lions or cheetahs.
Fuente: Wikipedia
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c. Hot dessert climate
It is located close to the tropics. There is very dry, no more than 250 mm/year. His average temperature is high during the year ( about 18ºC ). It is extremely hot during the day ( 50º C) but it gets cool during the night ( it can reach 0ºC).
Dessert landscape is very arid due to the lack of water. Vegetation is very poor and it is adapted to irregular rainfall. There are areas with a lot of vegetation like palms in zones called oasis. There is little fauna which is adapted to the heat such as camels, dromedaries ...
Fuente: Wikipedia
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EXERCISES
1. Read the sentences and identify the climate or the landscape.a. His average temperature is high and it is very dryb. It has a humid season and a dry season.c. Fauna is adapted to the heat.d. It rains during the year.e. It is always hot but it has a dry season.f. Precipitations are abundant ( more than 2000 mm)g. HIs precipitations are between 500 and 2000 mmh. Vegetation is very poor and is adapted to irregular rainfall.
2. Are the following sentences true or false? Correct the wrong ones. a. Tropical climate is only in the southern hemisphere.b. Desert climate has a cold season in winter.c. Tropical climate is located in Africa,, Asia and Europe.d. Equatorial climate has no seasons.e. Desert climate has no rainf. Desert climate is located near Equatorg. Savannah is the characteristic landscape of tropical climate
3. Complete the chart
CLIMATE ZONECLIMATE ZONE Situation Temperature Precipitations Landscape Fauna
Hot
Climates
EQUATORIAL
Hot
ClimatesTROPICAL
Hot
Climates
DESERT
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4. Make a climate graph with this figures:
Ejercicios de climogramas 3ºESO
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
It is found around the Mediterranean sea and other zones in western coastal areas of the world. It has mild and wet winters and hot and dry summers. Precipitations are little ( never more than 800 mm) and they mainly in autumn and spring .Its landscapes are the Mediterranean forest and the scrubland. Mediterranean forest has evergreen trees adapted to the dry season like holm oak and cork oak.Scrublands has several formation like Maquis ( high bushes like strawberry tree, salvia..) and garrigue composed of minor bushes such as thyme, rosemary and lavender..
b. CONTINENTAL CLIMATE.
This climate is usually inland (maritime influence is very little) . It is situated in the northern hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America.Temperatures vary a lot between very hot summers and very cold winters.Precipitations are irregular and they are mostly in summer.
Vegetation in continental zones has three different formations :a) Coniferous forests , or taiga, is formed of evergreen trees as pines and fir.b) Prairies composed of tall grass which are found in more humid and cooler areas c) Steppes composed of low grass . They are found in dry areas.
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Most people in continental zones live on the prairies.
c. OCEANIC CLIMATE
It is mainly found on the west coast of temperate zones so this climate is called maritime.a) Its temperatures are quite mild, since its average is between 10 and 15ºC .b) It has regular and abundant precipitations, more usual in winter. They are more than
1000 mm/year. It rains in all the seasons.a) Vegetation is abundant because of regular and abundant precipitations. The main
landscape is called deciduous forest or oceanic forest and it is formed of trees as ash, oak, chestnut tree and beech.
b) In the areas where the oceanic forest disappears it is common to have brushes as heather . This vegetal formation is called moor. Grasslands or meadows are very common in plains .
Oceanic zones are densely populated and the landscape has been strongly modified by human being activities.
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EXERCISES
1. Read the sentences and identify the climate
a. It is usually inland :b. It has abundant precipitations all the year c. It is situated around Mediterranean sea and other zones of the worldd. Precipitations are mainly in autumn and springe. His main landscape is the taiga or coniferous forest f. His precipitations are more than 1000 mm/year.g. It is situated in the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North Américah. His main landscape is deciduous foresti. Vegetation is abundant because of regular and abundant precipitations.j. It has vegetation formed by low grass.
2. Are the following sentences true or false? Correct the wrong ones
a. Continental climate is mainly founded in the coast of temperate zones.b. Average temperature of oceanic climate is between 15 and 20 ºCc. Mediterranean climate has regular and abundant precipitations.d. Precipitation of oceanic climate are mainly in spring.e. Coniferous forest is typical of Mediterranean landscape.f. Mediterranean climate has a lot of precipitations.g. Temperatures vary a lot between hot summers and cold winters in continental
climate.h. Scrublands are typical of Mediterranean climate.i. Temperatures of continental climate are mild.j. Precipitations of continental climate are mainly in winter.k. Mediterranean has cold and wet winters
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3. Complete the chart
CLIMATE ZONECLIMATE ZONE Situation Temperature Precipitations Landscape Fauna
Tem
pe
rate
Cli
mates
OCEANIC
Tem
pe
rate
Cli
mates
MEDITERRANEAN
Tem
pe
rate
Cli
mates
CONTINEN
TAL
4. Make the next climate graph
Ejercicios de climogramas 3ºESO
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
Realiza los siguientes climogramas comentándolos, para ello halla su temperatura media, la amplitud térmica, sus precipitaciones totales, su estación seca y su estación húmeda.Indica además el tipo de clima que és y localizalo geográficamente.
It is located above the polar circles ( Arctic in the Northern hemisphere and Antarctic in the Southern ) . Average temperature is around 0ºC and winters are long and hard with temperatures between -10 ºC y -50ºC . There is no real summer and the warmest month is under 10ºCThere are few precipitations (less than 300 mm per year) and they falls as snow. Precipitations remain frozen due to low temperatures.
Polar landscape
It is characterized by perpetual ice . There is no vegetation due to the subsoil is always frozen . Its fauna is adapted to the extreme cold like penguins, whales, seals and polar bear.There are areas , near temperate zones, with a short summer. In these areas ice is melted and a little vegetation grows as grass and shrubs. Here can live animals like reindeer, foxes and wolves. This climate is called Tundra.So we can identify two different climates: PERPETUAL ICE AND TUNDRA
Fuente: Wikipedia
Human life in these areas is very difficult, only a few human beings as inuits or Sami can live there.
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b. ALPINE CLIMATE
Alpine or high mountain climate is the climate of the highest mountains ( Himalaya, Alps, Andes, Rocky Mountains or Pyrenees ) His features are:- Low temperatures in winter and cool in summer.- Abundant precipitations ( as snow in winter)- Temperatures decrease with altitude and precipitation increase if we go up .
Alpine landscape.
It is adapted to the cold winters. Vegetation change with:a) Altitude. Vegetation is in tiers according to the temperatures and precipitations. There
are trees as oaks, chestnut or beech trees in lower levels ( deciduous forest) , conifers in middle levels and meadows and little flowers in upper levels.
b) Insolation. Sunny slopes have more vegetation than shady slopes.c) There is less vegetation in windy places.
EXERCISES
1. Read the sentences and identify the climate or the landscape.
a. There is no real summer and the warmest month is under 10ºC.b. It has a little vegetations as grass and scrubsc. It is situated along the world.d. It is very cold in winter and it has abundant precipitationse. It has a hard winter and temperatures between -10ºC and -50ºCf. It has little precipitations and a short summer.g. Precipitations remain frozen due to low temperatures.h. Vegetations change with altitude.
2. Are the following sentences true or false? Correct the wrong ones
a. Perpetual ice climate has a short summer with months above 10ºCb. Perpetual ice is only in northern hemispherec. Tundra climate has a short winter and a short summerd. High mountain climate has abundant precipitations.e. We can find any trees in Tundra climatef. There is more vegetation on sunny slopes than shady ones.g. There is no summer in Tundra climateh. Average temperature in perpetual ice climate is around -15ºCi. There are a lot of precipitations in tundra climatej. There are a lot of precipitations in perpetual ice climate.
