Plant Fertilization

Unit Four, Lesson 4.3By Margielene D. Judan

Lesson Outline

Self and Cross PollinationFertilization ProcessThe Fruit

Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

It is needed for fertilization to take place.

Two Types of Pollination

Self-pollination – transfer of pollen to the same plant/flower.

Cross-pollination – transfer of pollen to a different plant.

Self-pollination = same plant/flower Many flowers are hermaphrodites (they have

both male and female sex organs)

Cross-pollination = different plant

Pollination

Pollination can only happen among same species. A sunflower and a rose cannot pollinate each other.

Pollinators

They speed up pollination by helping scatter the pollen grains.

Examples are wind, insects, rain, birds, nectar-feeding animals, butterflies, even humans

They are attracted by the scent and color of the plant.

The next slide is a video showing the reproductive process of a plant from pollination to fertilization.

The Fertilization Process

The Fertilization Process

The process is called double fertilization because two sperms unite with two cells (egg and nuclei).The triploid cell will become the endosperm (part of the plant which contains the food)

The Fertilization Process

Ovule develops into a seed.

Ovary develops into a fruit.

Fertilization brings about the following changes in the flower:1. Ovary wall develops into a 3-

layered pericarp (endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp)

2. The ovary ripens and becomes fruit.3. Fertilized ovule develops into a seed

and the endosperm serves s food storage.

4. Integument develops into a 2-layered seed coat.

Botanically speaking, a fruit is a seed-bearing structure that develops from the ovary of a flowering plant.

Fruit vs. Vegetable

Vegetables have no seeds because they do not come from flowers. They are the other parts of the plant like leaves (eg. lettuce, spinach), roots (eg. carrots, radishes), stems (eg. ginger, celery), and even the flower buds (eg. brocolli, cauliflower).

Fruit vs. Vegetable

Botanically speaking, a fruit is a seed-bearing structure that develops from the ovary of a flowering plant.A fruit came from a flower.So even nuts and grains are fruits.

Fruit vs. Vegetable

Watch again the video to understand more the process.

Assignment: Notebook Classify whether the following is a fruit or a vegetable.1. Celery2. Almond3. Squash4. Carrot5. Tomato6. Eggplant7. Broccoli8. Bell Pepper9. Onion10. Potato

Sources:

Science Links 7 http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.

php/2013/09/what-is-the-difference-between-fruits-and-vegetables/

http://www.livescience.com/33991-difference-fruits-vegetables.html