Unit 4.1 Ergonomics

7/21/2019 Unit 4.1 Ergonomics

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ERGONOMICSERGONOMICS


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ERGONOMICS-What is it?ERGONOMICS-What is it?

Derived from two Greek words:Derived from two Greek words:

Nomoi meai! at"ra# #awsNomoi meai! at"ra# #aws

Er!o meai! workEr!o meai! work

$e%e& er!oomists st"d' h"ma$e%e& er!oomists st"d' h"ma %a(a)i#ities i re#atioshi( to work%a(a)i#ities i re#atioshi( to work

demadsdemads


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Ergonomics is an applied science concerned with the design ofErgonomics is an applied science concerned with the design ofworkplaces, tools, and tasks that match the physiological,workplaces, tools, and tasks that match the physiological,

anatomical, and psychological characteristics and capabilities ofanatomical, and psychological characteristics and capabilities of

the worker.the worker.Vern Putz-AndersonVern Putz-Anderson

The Goal of ergonomics is to fit the job to the person, ratherThe Goal of ergonomics is to fit the job to the person, ratherthan making the person fit the job.than making the person fit the job.ErgotechErgotech

If it hurts when you are doing something, dont do it.If it hurts when you are doing something, dont do it.Bill BlackBill Black

What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?


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1)1) Static workStatic work: m"s%"#oske#eta# e*ort: m"s%"#oske#eta# e*ortre+"ired to ho#d a %ertai (ositio&re+"ired to ho#d a %ertai (ositio&

eve a %omforta)#e oe,eve a %omforta)#e oe, Eam(#e: sit . work at %om("ters/Eam(#e: sit . work at %om("ters/

kee(i! head ad torso "(ri!htkee(i! head ad torso "(ri!ht

re+"ires sma## or !reat amo"ts ofre+"ires sma## or !reat amo"ts of

stati% work de(edi! o the e0%ie%'stati% work de(edi! o the e0%ie%'

of the )od' (ositios we %hose,of the )od' (ositios we %hose,

What two e#emetsWhat two e#emets

are at work?are at work?
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E#emets at work 1%ot2E#emets at work 1%ot2

3 ForceForce:: amo"t of tesio o"r m"s%#es !eerateamo"t of tesio o"r m"s%#es !eerate Eam(#e: ti#ti! 'o"r head forward or )a%kwardEam(#e: ti#ti! 'o"r head forward or )a%kward

from a e"tra#& verti%a# (ositiofrom a e"tra#& verti%a# (ositio quadruplesquadruplesthethe

amo"t of for%e a%ti! o 'o"r #ower e%kamo"t of for%e a%ti! o 'o"r #ower e%kverte)raeverte)rae

3 I%reased for%e is d4t i%rease i m"s%"#ar tesioI%reased for%e is d4t i%rease i m"s%"#ar tesio

eeded to s"((ort head i a ti#ted (ositioeeded to s"((ort head i a ti#ted (ositio


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5 Mai Er!oomi%5 Mai Er!oomi%

6ri%i(#es:6ri%i(#es:

7,7, Work a%tivities sho"#d (ermit worker toWork a%tivities sho"#d (ermit worker toado(t severa# di*eret hea#th' ad safeado(t severa# di*eret hea#th' ad safe

(ost"res,(ost"res,8,8, M"s%#e for%es sho"#d )e doe )' theM"s%#e for%es sho"#d )e doe )' thelargest appropriatelargest appropriatem"s%#e !ro"(sm"s%#e !ro"(s

avai#a)#eavai#a)#e

5,5, Work a%tivities s4) (erformed with 9oitsWork a%tivities s4) (erformed with 9oitsat a)o"t mid-(oit of their ROM 1es(,at a)o"t mid-(oit of their ROM 1es(,

head&tr"k&E2head&tr"k&E2


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3 The average person working at aThe average person working at akeyboard can perform 50,000 tokeyboard can perform 50,000 to200,000 keystrokes a day200,000 keystrokes a day

3 Overexertion, falls & R! are the mostOverexertion, falls & R! are the mostcommon ca"se of workplace in#"rycommon ca"se of workplace in#"ry3 $n average of %25,000 back in#"ries d"e$n average of %25,000 back in#"ries d"e

to improper lifting each yearto improper lifting each year

3 "scles over"se res"lts in tiny tears in"scles over"se res"lts in tiny tears inthe m"scles and scarring' thesethe m"scles and scarring' thesecontrib"te to in(ammation and m"sclecontrib"te to in(ammation and m"sclesti)nesssti)ness

;


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< >it of< >it of ra%hia# (#e"s: erve !ro"( that s"((#'>ra%hia# (#e"s: erve !ro"( that s"((#'m"s%#es ad ski of E& %o"rse dow side ofm"s%#es ad ski of E& %o"rse dow side offrot of e%k ad )e%ome media& "#ar adfrot of e%k ad )e%ome media& "#ar adradia# erves,radia# erves,

3 Nerves sed si!a#s to m"s%#es to %otra%tNerves sed si!a#s to m"s%#es to %otra%t3 Whe erve %om(ressed fee# sesatioWhe erve %om(ressed fee# sesatiosomewhere )4w (oit of %om(ressio adsomewhere )4w (oit of %om(ressio ad@!erti(s@!erti(s


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WhatWhat%a"ses Nerve%a"ses Nerve

Com(ressio orCom(ressio or

Etra(metEtra(met??7272 Re(eated motiosRe(eated motios

8282=i!ht m"s%#es=i!ht m"s%#es

5252 IAammatio of s"rro"di! tiss"esIAammatio of s"rro"di! tiss"es

B2B2 Misa#i!met of the erveMisa#i!met of the erve


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Types of InjuriesTypes of Injuries Muscle painMuscle pain

Joint painJoint pain

SwellingSwelling

NumbnessNumbness

Restricted motionRestricted motion

Repetitive stress injuryRepetitive stress injury

Repetitive motionRepetitive motion

injuryinjury

Cumulative traumaCumulative traumadisorderdisorder

MusculoskeletalMusculoskeletal

disorderdisorder


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What are B Commo NerveWhat are B Commo Nerve

i9"ries?i9"ries?

I,I, =hora%i% O"t#et S'drome:=hora%i% O"t#et S'drome:)ra%hia#)ra%hia#

(#e"s %om(ressio d4t m"s%#e(#e"s %om(ressio d4t m"s%#eti!htess side of e%k from (oorti!htess side of e%k from (oor

head (ositio or s#"m(ed (ost"re,head (ositio or s#"m(ed (ost"re,

S4S: "m)ess4ti!#i! i had&S4S: "m)ess4ti!#i! i had&made worse w4overhead a%tivitiesmade worse w4overhead a%tivities

or %rad#i! (hoe )4w ear ador %rad#i! (hoe )4w ear ad

sho"#dersho"#der


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Nerve i9"ries 1%ot2Nerve i9"ries 1%ot2

II,II, Radia# t"e# s'drome:Radia# t"e# s'drome:%om(ressed radia# erve o"tside%om(ressed radia# erve o"tside

of e#)ow d4t re(etitive wrist .of e#)ow d4t re(etitive wrist .@!er etesio or t"ri! of@!er etesio or t"ri! of

forearmforearm

S4S: Sesatios from e#)ow toS4S: Sesatios from e#)ow to)ase of th"m) w4 wrist weakess a)ase of th"m) w4 wrist weakess a

%ommo s%ommo s


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III,III, C")ita# t"e# s'drome:C")ita# t"e# s'drome:"#ar"#arerve %om(ressio iside of theerve %om(ressio iside of the

e#)ow d4t re(etitive )edi! ofe#)ow d4t re(etitive )edi! ofe#)ow ore#)ow or resting your elbowresting your elbowo ao a

hard s"rfa%ehard s"rfa%e

S4S: "m)ess or ti!#i! adS4S: "m)ess or ti!#i! adiside of arm w4 ti!#i! to ri! .iside of arm w4 ti!#i! to ri! .

#itt#e @!ers#itt#e @!ers


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I,I, Car(a# t"e# s'drome:Car(a# t"e# s'drome:%om(ressio of%om(ressio ofmedia erve at #eve# of %ar(a# t"e#media erve at #eve# of %ar(a# t"e#

Where is %ar(a# t"e#? ;ormed wrist )'Where is %ar(a# t"e#? ;ormed wrist )'

#i!amet over the %ar(a# )oes i had#i!amet over the %ar(a# )oes i had

S4S: "m)ess or ti!#i! i th"m)& ide&S4S: "m)ess or ti!#i! i th"m)& ide&or midd#e @!er . of ri! @!er/ ofteor midd#e @!er . of ri! @!er/ ofteawakeed i!ht )' had fa##i! as#ee(awakeed i!ht )' had fa##i! as#ee(

S i%reased )' drivi! or attem(ti! toS i%reased )' drivi! or attem(ti! toho#d o)9e%ts/ dro((i! o)9e%ts is a %ommoho#d o)9e%ts/ dro((i! o)9e%ts is a %ommo%om(#ait%om(#ait


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=edos ad =edoitis=edos ad =edoitis

3=edos are %oe%tive tiss"e that atta%h=edos are %oe%tive tiss"e that atta%hm"s%#e to )oe/ have #itt#e stret%h or re)o"dm"s%#e to )oe/ have #itt#e stret%h or re)o"d

3=edo over"se& stati% or (ro#o!ed=edo over"se& stati% or (ro#o!ed(ositioFiAammatio or tedoitis(ositioFiAammatio or tedoitis

3=edos of wrist . had ver' sma##/ hi!h=edos of wrist . had ver' sma##/ hi!hrisk for i9"r' w4 over"serisk for i9"r' w4 over"se

3 =eis e#)ow or #atera# e(i%od'#itis a*e%ts=eis e#)ow or #atera# e(i%od'#itis a*e%tsfnger extensorfnger extensortedos o"tside of e#)owtedos o"tside of e#)ow

3 Go#fers e#)ow or medi%a# e(i%od'#itisGo#fers e#)ow or medi%a# e(i%od'#itisa*e%ts @!er Aeor tedos iside of e#)owa*e%ts @!er Aeor tedos iside of e#)ow


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What to do ??What to do ??

a2a2 Warm "( . stret%h )efore a%tivities that are re(etitive&Warm "( . stret%h )efore a%tivities that are re(etitive&stati% or (ro#o!edstati% or (ro#o!ed)2)2 =ake=ake requent breaksrequent breaksfrom


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e*e* aintain erect position of backaintain erect position of back& neck w+ sho"lders relaxed& neck w+ sho"lders relaxed

f*f* osition e-"ipment & work directly in front of and close toosition e-"ipment & work directly in front of and close toyo"r ma#or tasksyo"r ma#or tasks

g*g* .eep "pper arms close to the body, elbows /0%00 degrees.eep "pper arms close to the body, elbows /0%00 degreesh*h* .eep feet (at on (oor, "pper body weight resting on 1sits.eep feet (at on (oor, "pper body weight resting on 1sits

bonesbones

i*i* 3rists as ne"tral as possible' safe 4one for wrist movement is3rists as ne"tral as possible' safe 4one for wrist movement is

%5 degrees in all directions%5 degrees in all directions

Maitai

Ne"tra#6ost"re
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f2f2


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Modif' =asks:Modif' =asks:

a2a2


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3 se the #ar!est 9oits . m"s%#es to do these the #ar!est 9oits . m"s%#es to do the9o)9o)

3 se 8 hads to #ift rather tha oe& evese 8 hads to #ift rather tha oe& evewith #i!ht o)9e%ts ad tasks,with #i!ht o)9e%ts ad tasks,

3 od'

Me%hai%s
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Corre%t . I%orre%tCorre%t . I%orre%t

=e%hi+"es=e%hi+"es


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Goodad>adofGoodad>adof =IM==IM=
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.actionhealth.com.au/TiltedHeadCropA1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.actionhealth.com.au/self_examination.htm&h=163&w=166&sz=7&tbnid=T8I0PckdMBMJ:&tbnh=91&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtilted%2Bhead%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


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ERGO REMINDERSfrom

Stretchbreak.com


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6ra%ti%e We##ess at Work ad $ome

xercise

6"trition

Relaxation

>od'

Mid

S(irit
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O7

8

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B fi fEB fit fE i


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Benefits of ErgonomicsBenefits of ErgonomicsDecreased injury riskDecreased injury risk

Increased productivityIncreased productivity

Decreased mistakes/reworkDecreased mistakes/rework

Increased efficiencyIncreased efficiency

Decreased lost work daysDecreased lost work days

Decreased turnoverDecreased turnover

Improved moraleImproved morale


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3Aestetics: !ow a product looks" eels"Aestetics: !ow a product looks" eels"

sounds" tastes" and s#ells$ %e custo#ersounds" tastes" and s#ells$ %e custo#er3 res(ose i this dimesio is a matter ofres(ose i this dimesio is a matter of

(ersoa# 9"d!met ad idivid"a# (refere%e,(ersoa# 9"d!met ad idivid"a# (refere%e,

3=his area of desi! is %hieA ' the domai of=his area of desi! is %hieA ' the domai ofthethe industrial designer" wo isindustrial designer" wo is

3 more a artist tha a e!ieer,


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Unit 4.1 Ergonomics

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