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Unit 4—World War I
The Great War—1914-1918
Enduring Understandings1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war.2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
What do you remember?
Mid-Semester Review
Scientific Revolution Enlightenment French Revolution Napoleon / Congress of Vienna Nationalism Industrial Revolution Capitalism Communism Imperialism
How are the following related to one another?
Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
Causes of WWI
1. Turn in core assessment – electronically drop in my drop box2. Get handouts from front table3. Read the WWI story book project directions – questions?4. Introduction to WWI – take notes5. Watch video clips6. Watch Days that Shook the World – the Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand – answer questions on handout
Causes of WWI Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances Crisis in the
Balkans Assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Tangled Alliance System
European nations formed military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power and preserve peace across the continent
1882—Triple Alliance formed
1907—Triple Entente formed
By 1900s, power of Ottoman Empire in rapid decline
Various ethnic groups sought to break free from Turkish rule, while new nations were formed and wanted to expand
Desired to control trade routes in Mediterranean region
Balkan region referred to as “powder keg” of Europe
Crisis in the Balkans
Serbian nationalism forces a wedge between Russia and Austria-Hungary
A Serbian nationalist assassinates the Austro-Hungarian archduke and archduchess in Sarajevo
Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia, rejects Serbia’s offer to negotiate, and declares war
Nations begin to mobilize
Crisis in the Balkans
Because you are the enemy…and your mustache is better than
mine.
Why do you want me
dead?
p.s. We Serbs do not want Austria-Hungary to run our country – Serbs for Serbia!!!
Video intermission - the exciting story of Days that Shook the World – the Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Path to War European nations are
divided into Central Powers and Allies
When Russia mobilizes along the German border, Germany declares war on Russia and France
The German declaration of war brings Great Britain into the conflict
Continental Europe is at war with itself; other nations will join later as the war spreads worldwide
Label map of 1914 Europeo Refer to page 365 in your textbooko Be sure to identify the alliance systems on
your map Read primary source—The Murder of
Archduke Franz Ferdinando Assume the identity of a citizen of Austria-
Hungary; you’ve just been told of the assassination of the archduke, heir to your empire’s throne. Record a one-paragraph response that describes your reaction to the event and what you think A/H should do in response to the attack
Academic
Nationalism spurs competition among European nations
Imperialism deepens national rivalries Militarism leads to large standing armies Alliances - Members of the Triple Entente join
the Allies; members of the Triple Alliance join the Central Powers; additionally, many colonial subjects were recruited to serve
A weakening Ottoman Empire leads to a crisis in the Balkans
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leads to the beginning of World War I, as Austria declares war on Serbia
WWI—A Review…
Allied Powers France Russia Great Britain Japan (1914) United States (1917) Italy (1915)
o Claimed that its membership in the Triple Alliance had been a defensive strategy
o Felt that Germany had made unprovoked attack on Belgium
Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire
A Breakdown…Who was where?
Central Powers
Stalemate As nations mobilize for war, Germany employs the Schlieffen Plan
It was thought that Russia—with its lack of railroads—would have difficulty mobilizing its troops
Violation of Belgian neutrality brings Great Britain into the war
The Allied victory at the Marne breaks the back of the Schlieffen Plan
Trench warfare and the failure to capture new ground make life on the Western Front an ongoing horror
New weapons of war—machine guns (much improved by the time of WWI), tanks, poison gas, airplanes, submarines, etc.—are used in battles along the Western Front
Despite major battles and horrific casualties, neither side advances
Stalemate
Click on image to view video
Eastern Front Russians and Serbs battle Germans,
Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front
Without modern technology, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets; hangs on through sheer strength of its numbers
Allies are unable to ship war supplies to Russia’s ports
Trench Warfare LetterAssume the identity of
a World War I soldier fighting along the
Western Front. Write a letter home to a relative/friend in
which you describe your experience on the frontline. Your two-paragraph
letter must include the following information…
Where you are The year Your condition What combat is like
Your hopes/feelings
By early 1915 it is apparent that chances for an abbreviated conflict have passed
World War I spreads to several continents; Germany’s colonial possessions are seized by the Allies as colonial subjects are recruited for service
Allied Powers sought a means to end the stalemate; Gallipoli campaign begins in 1915
War Affects the World
Gallipoli Campaign Allied expansion,
war moves beyond Europe
Purpose of campaign was numerous…o Secure the
Dardanelles Straito Capture
Constantinople o Defeat Turkso Establish supply line
to Russia Effort fails, yet
another stalemate
Why?
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy
Attack on Lusitania (1915) Zimmermann Note Economic/cultural ties with Allies
United States Enters the War
War Affects the Home Front
World War I becomes a total war, and governments take control of national economies
In the U.S. and Europe, citizens undergo rationing of goods
With millions of men at the front, many women go to work in factories and elsewhere
Russia Withdraws from the War
By 1917, the Russian government nears collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plague the empire
Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne in March 1917
Russia pulls out of the war in early 1918
Lenin seizes power
The Allies Win the War
With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieves a victory on the Eastern Front
Though Germany’s eastern troops head west, fresh American troops give the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne
The Kaiser abdicates, and Germany and the Allies sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918
Because World War I spread to several continents, it required the full resources of many governments, thus making it a “total
war.” Using this idea of the “total war” concept, create a propaganda piece
calling on Americans to join the war effort. Your war poster must be done neatly,
include color, and convey a message justifying the American war effort. Examples of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360
& 367. Please produce your propaganda piece on a single sheet of printer paper and
include a one-paragraph explanation as to the message of your work. Good luck!
World War I Propaganda Activity
Versailles Mapping Activity
Assume the role of one of the “Big Four”
Read directions carefully
Answer the questions listed
Draw the borders of the postwar world that you desire and present your map to your group members
Compromise and create a map of postwar Europe that satisfies each person in your group
Time: ~ 45 minutes
Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
Represented by the “Big Four”o Woodrow Wilson, president of the
United States (14 points proposal—see handout)
o Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
o David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain
o Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy Not represented—Russia, Germany,
German allies
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty punishes Germanyo Excludes Germany from League of Nationso Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and
the Pacifico Restricted the size and activities of its militaryo Forced to accept full responsibility for the waro Required to pay war reparations
Creates new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or 857)
Establishes a League of Nations, an international organization whose goal would be to keep peace among nations
Treaty of Versailles
The Legacy of the War
The war leaves 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, as well as millions of civilians dead and wounded
The war costs $338 billion, destroys land and towns in Europe and Russia, and causes disillusionment in society, as an entire generation of Europeans is lost
Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII
Frank Buckles
George Will Editorial Response
Read “Just one doughboy remains from the Great War”
On the back of the paper record a one-paragraph response that answers the following questions: Why is it important to recognize and celebrate the life of someone like Frank Buckles? What can we learn from his story?
