Unit 5

( 全新版）大学英语 BOOK TWO

• 外国语学院


• 外国语学院Unit 5Unit 5

Overcoming Obstacles


• 外国语学院ContentsContents

Assignments

Text Analysis

Cultural Notes

Warm Up Activities

Objectives1

2

3

4

5

5 Key Language Points


• 外国语学院

ObjectivesObjectives

• Students will be able to:• 1.grasp the main idea (dreaming and hard work helped Michae

l Stone on his way to success)and the structure of the text(narration with a flashback);

• 2.appreciate the narrative skills (using details to bring out a character; a surprising ending);

• 3.master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

• 4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speeding and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.

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Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions

• Can you talk about the obstacles that you have been faced with in your life? How to overcame such difficulties?

• Can you tell us the problems that you still have in overcoming these obstacles?

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Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension

• Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

• 1. What happened to the singer?2. What helped her pull through all the hardships she suffered?3. What is the tone of the song?4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit -- overcoming obstacles?

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• 外国语学院Cultural NotesCultural Notes

• 1. Sports: Sports play an important in American life. Professional baseball and (American) football games attract large crowds, and many people watch games on television. Although many parents complain about their children being couch potatoes (=people who spend a lot of time watching television), there are sports at school for all ages. College students are usually also required to take physical education classes to complete their studies.


• 外国语学院Cultural NotesCultural Notes • 2.Olympics: The ancient

Olympic Games were held in Olympia every four years from 776 B.C. to 392 A.D. The modern Games first held in 1896 in Greece and, with the exception of three games not held because of the two world wars, have been in various cities of the world at regular 4-year intervals. Since 1924, a separate program of minter sports has been added to the Games.

Olympics

•IN 2008 Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games.


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• The Olympic symbol---five interlocking red, blue, yellow, and green circles on a white field---represents the continents of the world joined in friendship.

• The Olympic motto is Citius---Altius---Fortius. These words mean “ Swifter, Higher, Stronger.”


• 外国语学院


• 外国语学院History of OlympicsHistory of Olympics

The ancient Olympic Games were the great Greek religious, athletic, and cultural festivals that inspired the creation of the modern Olympic Games. The earliest documentation of the ancient Games traces the efforts of King Iphitos of Elis, around 824 BC, to establish a "sacred truce" through the conduct of Games "dear to the gods." From 776 B.C., these Games took place every four years.


• 外国语学院• The ancient Games were sacred events.

Athletes from all Greek city-states joined the festivals at Olympia - marked by solemn Opening and Closing ceremonies. The "sacred truce" from the first known Games makes interesting reading: "May the world be delivered from crime and killing and freed from the clash of arms." The intent was for warring city-states to lay down their arms for the period of the Games, so athletes could compete in peace.


• 外国语学院• The program of competitive ev

ents in the ancient Games evolved over time. Among the sports contested were the foot race, wrestling, boxing, the pentathlon, and chariot races. The first recorded winner was the runner Koroibos. Only men were permitted to take part in the Olympic Games - women were forbidden to compete or be spectators at the ancient Olympic Games under penalty of death. The only female allowed in Olympia was the high priestess of the goddess Demeter.


• 外国语学院• Women in ancient Greece,

did, however, participate in festivals of their own and exclusively female Games, held in honor of the goddess Hera, were held at regular intervals. The ancient Olympic Games are known to have existed for 12 centuries. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their demise in 394 AD, and came to life again as the modern Olympic Games.


• 外国语学院Pierre de Fredy, the Baron de Coubertin, was the founder of the modern Olympic Movement. Born in 1863 to a French aristocrat family, Coubertin was an avid sportsman, believing sport possessed the power to benefit humankind and encourage peace among the nations of the world. 　

After visits to England and the United States, Coubertin formulated a plan to revive the Games. His vision was realized, in June 1894, when a meeting of delegates in Paris voted to hold the modern Olympic Games at Athens in 1896.


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The Olympic Games are organized and governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It has offices in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Committee has made many decisions that affect the modern Olympics. For example, in 1912, the Committee decided to allow women to compete in the Games.Olympic Museum Lausanne

Text AnalysisText Analysis


• 外国语学院Scan the text and answer the questions :• 1. Where does the text switch from the past

tense to the past perfect tense? Para 3.• 2. Which sentence shows that the flashback is

over and the narration returns to the National Junior Olympics?

The first sentence of paragraph 6.• 3. Where does author conclude the text? Para 13.


• 外国语学院Text OrganizationText Organization

The waiter was disappointed to find that the Richest Man in America led so simple a life.

Being friendly, easy-going and never flashy, Walton carries on like plain folks and never wants any special treatment.

With the Wal-mart team in mind, Walton devotes himself heart and soul to making the business a great success.

Part one (Paras 1-4)

Part two (Paras 5-13)

Part three (Paras 14-22)


• 外国语学院Main IdeaMain Idea

Dreaming and hard working helped

Michael Stone on his way to success.


• 外国语学院Further Understanding

http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=165989852&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=High%20Jump&in=15


• 外国语学院For Part 1For Part 1

1. Use your own words to draw a picture of the stadium on that day, including the weather, Michael’s appearance and inner feeling, the audience’s response, etc.

2. Use your own words to describe what kind of event the pole vault is.


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1. From the description of Michael’s parents, what can you learn about his parents?

2. Brainstorm the various obstacles Michael might face during the hard training.

3. What individual characteristics should Michael’s success be attributed to?

Michael’s mother is romantic and passionate, while his father is a hard-core realist.

Open-ended.

He is diligent, perseverant, optimistic, ambitious, etc.

For Part 2 Questions and AnswersFor Part 2 Questions and Answers


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Height of the pole

Michael’s reaction before/after clearing the bar

Before After

Importance

17 feet

17 feet 2, 17 feet 4

His palms were sweating. He needed a towel to dry his grip. (L. 1)

1.If Michael Stone was surprised, excited or vain…(LL. 37~38)2.He seemed unaware of …(LL. 40~41)

3 inches higher than his personal best

…, again he showed no emotion. (LL. 43~44)

For Part 3 Chart Completion


• 外国语学院For Part 3 Chart Completion

Height of the pole

Michael’s reaction before/after clearing the bar

Before After

Importance

17 feet 6

17 feet

6

A National and International Junior Olympics record

1. It startled him... (L. 53)

2. The intensity … anxiety. (L. 56)

3. He became more tense. (L. 57)

4. Afraid would be … (LL. 58~59)

1— 2

1.It was … that brought Michael back to earth. (LL. 79~80)

2.On his back with that wonderful hot sun…(LL. 81~81)

He later went on that day to clear 17 feet 6

9 inches higher than his personal best

1— 2


• 外国语学院For Part 4 DiscussionFor Part 4 Discussion

1.Why does the author keep the secret about Michael’s blindness until the last sentence?

2.Who would you admire better, a Michael Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael Stone?


• 外国语学院More QuestionsMore Questions

1. What does the text title “ True Height ” mean?

It has more than one meaning. It may refer to:

1)the new bar heights that Michael cleared one after another;

2) the tremendous obstacles Michael had overcome in attaining his goal.


• 外国语学院Scan the text again to find out all the instances where “ work ” is used as a verb and explain in English the different meanings of “ work ”.

work: v. 1) labor, do an activity which needs physical or mental effort 2) act or operate effectively 3) exercise * “He worked out every other day…” (L. 27)


• 外国语学院More QuestionsMore Questions

• Without the last sentence, would you still admire Michael Stone's achievement?

• Who would you admire better, a Michael Stone with a sound body or a blind Michael Stone?

• Why does the author keep the secret about Michael's blindness until the last sentence?


• 外国语学院 Extra Activities


• 外国语学院 Scan the whole text to find out all the

words and phrases that are related to sports or stadium. And think about their Chinese equivalents.

National Junior Olympics 全国少年奥林匹克运动会personal best 个人最高记录stand(s) 看台final race 赛跑决赛pole vault event 撑竿跳高项目track and field competition 田径比赛


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gymnast 体操运动员body builder 健美运动员weightlifting 举重bar 横杆inflated landing mat 充气垫vaulter 撑竿跳高运动员finger-tipped push-up 俯卧撑


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Writing StrategyWriting Strategy


• 外国语学院How to keep the article smoothly?How to keep the article smoothly?

• As the text consists of the main story and a flashback, the narration has to switch from the ongoing competition to earlier events and then return to the ongoing competition. How does the author manage to make these parts in the text flow smoothly?

• 1.One way is to repeat a key word in the last sentence of a paragraph in the first sentence of the next paragraph,


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• e.g. It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event.

• As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying.


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2.Another way is to pick up a key idea from a previous paragraph and repeat it in the sentence introducing the next paragraph,

e.g.All of Michael’s vaults today seemed to be

the reward for his hard work.


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Language Points & Grammar Structure


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1.sweat:

The white shirts were sweated through.He was sweating after working so hard.

1. v. excrete perspiration through the pores of the skin

2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it

I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.


• 外国语学院 2. grace: n.

1.quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure

2. kindness; willingness to do what is right

We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room.

She had the grace to say that he was right.

他勉强地承认他错了。He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace.

She danced with a grace that surprised us.


• 外国语学院3. mere:3. mere:

adj. nothing more than

She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.

光说无济于事。Mere words won’t help.


• 外国语学院4.fantasy:imagination, esp. when it has no connection at all with reality4.fantasy:imagination, esp. when it has no connection at all with reality

• Examples: I still have the fantasy that one day I will win the National lottery.

• Having watched so many animated Moons, some children can't tell fantasy from reality.


• 外国语学院5.numerous: very many5.numerous: very many

• Examples: During the Depression, numerous people wandered from town to town looking for work.

• Numerous scholars before Copernicus had suggested that the earth went round the sun, but he was the first person to bear it out mathematically.

• antonym: few


• 外国语学院6.passion:strong feeling, esp. of love6.passion:strong feeling, esp. of love

• Examples: He loved her still, with the same passion as he always had.

• She had never before loved anyone with such passion.

• have a passion for: have a strong interest in sth. and like it very much

• Example: She had a passion for dancing which interfered with her schoolwork-)


• 外国语学院7.detail: 1)small, particular fact or item7.detail: 1)small, particular fact or item

• Examples: No details of the negotiation between the two countries have been revealed.

• I can still recall every detail of my Graduation Day.


• 外国语学院2) sth. which is unimportant and doesn't affect the main issue2) sth. which is unimportant and doesn't affect the main issue

• Examples: The salary is a detail; the main thing is to find a job.

• She does not enjoy the details of housekeeping.


• 外国语学院go into detail (s):go into detail (s): explain sth. thoroughly explain sth. thoroughly

• Example: Can you give me a rough idea of what happened, without going into detail?

• in detail: fully or thoroughly• Example :She told them in detail what they

were going to say at the meeting.• As for the pay increase, we haven't yet had a

chance to discuss it in detail.


• 外国语学院8. recur: come or happen again8. recur: come or happen again

• Examples: The theme of love recurred in many of his books.

• The school authorities warned the student that he will be expelled if this cheating recurs.


• 外国语学院12. relax: make or become less tense, worried or nervous12. relax: make or become less tense, worried or nervous

• Examples: The best strategy for avoiding stress is to learn how to relax.

• Massage is used to relax muscles.• After a hard day's work, he liked to relax by

going for a swim.


• 外国语学院13. on one/ two / several occasion(s) : once/twice/several times in the past13. on one/ two / several occasion(s) : once/twice/several times in the past

• Examples: On several occasions, I attempted to talk with my parents about my taking a part time job, but my mother instantly interrupted me by asking me questions about my studies.

• He drinks far too much. On one occasion I saw him drink a whole bottle of vodka.


• 外国语学院14. vain: too pleased with one's own abilities or looks14. vain: too pleased with one's own abilities or looks

• Examples: Too much praise can make a person vain.

• She was vain of/about her appearance.


• 外国语学院15. be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of sth.15. be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of sth.

• Examples: She was so ashamed of cheating in the test that she went and told the teacher.

• You should be ashamed of yourself, telling lies at your age.


• 外国语学院20. tense: feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous20. tense: feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous

• Examples: Facing so many teachers, John got very tense and made several mistakes in his recitation.

• The flight had been postponed five hours and all of the passengers were getting tense.


• 外国语学院22. stretch out: hold a part of your body straight out in front of you22. stretch out: hold a part of your body straight out in front of you

• Examples: She stretched out a hand and lifted the glass to her lips.

• There were beggars everywhere, pathetically stretching their hands out to passers-by.


• 外国语学院23.bring (sb.) back to earth: cause (sb.) to stop daydreaming; cause (sb.) to r23.bring (sb.) back to earth: cause (sb.) to stop daydreaming; cause (sb.) to return to realityeturn to reality

• Examples: Emily's voice brought him back to earth.

• Jack had been spending dl his time chatting on 1ine with his key-pals until his parents had a word with him and brought him back to earth.


• 外国语学院24. in one's mind's eye: in one's imagination; in one's memory24. in one's mind's eye: in one's imagination; in one's memory

• Examples: In his mind's eye, she is still a shy girl.

• In my mind's eye, I can still see the house where I was born.


• 外国语学院25. media: (collective noun) means of mass communication, e.g. TV, radio, 25. media: (collective noun) means of mass communication, e.g. TV, radio, newspapersnewspapers

• Examples: They are wondering whether bias in the news media contributed to the candidate's defeat.

• Much of what children learn comes directly from the mass media.


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1. Michael’s dedication, determination and discipline… family chores. (Lines 29-32)

Alliteration: An English device with the same repeated consonant sound at intervals in the initial position of words( 头韵） .An honor student: an excellent student译文：迈克尔的投入、决心和自律是每一个教练梦寐以求的。作为一名优等生和家里唯一的孩子，迈克尔坚持帮助父母承担农场上的一些杂活。


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2. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. (Line 54)

1.What does “hit sb. like a wet bale of hay” mean?

2. Use some adjectives to describe how Michael felt at that time.

1.What does “hit sb. like a wet bale of hay” mean?

If something hits you like a wet bale of hay, it comes as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise.

He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc.


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1. Answer the following questions, using the structure “It is…that…”.

Model: What brought Michael back to earth?

It was either the eruption of the people in the stands or the thump of his landing that brought Michael back to earth.


• 外国语学院1) What made it possible for a blind boy to set

a world record in pole vault?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________

2) When did you begin to learn English?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

It was his dream and hard work that made it

possible for him to set a world record in the

pole-vault.

It was nine years ago that I began to learn English.


• 外国语学院3. Who has ever exerted the greatest effort on

you?

________________________________________

________________________________________

4. Where did you come across John?

________________________________________

It is my parents who have exerted the greatest

influence on me.

It was in Central Park that I met John.


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2. Study the model and complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using what-clause:

Model 1: What he didn’t know was that his dad was hugging his wife and crying.

Model 2: We know what you said.

(Text A, Unit 3, Book2)


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1.Obviously______________________________

________________( 这位发言人想要强调的是 ),

the impact of these findings rather than the pro

cess that led to these findings.

2.It seems that he is never bothered about _____

____________________________________.

( 别人是如何看待他的行为的 )

what the speaker wanted to e

mphasize was

what people would think about his behavior


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3. The CEO never hesitates to let his employee k

now____________________________________.

( 他在为公司做的计划 )

4. The scientist will show the audience ________

_________________________________. ( 遥控机器人（ tele-operated robot) 能为家庭所做的事 )

what he is planning for the company

what a tele-operated robot can do for a family


• 外国语学院Key to exercises Key to exercises

1. 1) startled 3) tension 5) sweating 7) vain 9) anxiety 11) emotions 13) In my mind’s eye 15) mere

2) core 4) tense 6) stretched out 8) On one occasion 10) detail 12) ashamed of 14) recurring

Vocabulary



Vocabulary2. 1) Mrs. White’s birthday coincides with her

husband’s.• 2) The writer was assisted in the preparation of this

article by other members of her family• 3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain.• 4) Politics and philosophy had been his lifelong

passions, although he studied economics at university.



Vocabulary 5) She grew tense as she waited for her first TV interview.

3 1) media’s; bears out; grace 2) along with; congratulate them on 3) preparations; the intensity; to relax; numerous


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1) Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.

2) In the letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed her wish that she (should) continue her education to acquire still another degree.

3) there is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals.

4) Children need to feel safe about the world

Key to exercises Key to exercises

Collacation


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.


Collacation they grow up in , and it is unwise to give them the id

ea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.

5) Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.

6) Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.


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1. I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.2. Florance has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his ha

nds and knees4. The safe road for a truck of this type works out at about twe

nty-five tons.5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work


Words with Multiple Meanings



6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all.

7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn.

8. The media began to work one hour after the child took it.

Words with Multiple Meanings



Structure1. 1) It was his dream and hard work that made it possible for

him to set a world record in the pole vault. 2) It was nine/ ten/ eleven years ago that I began to learn

English. 3) It is my parents/ my teachers/ my grandfather/ my brother

who have/ has exerted the greatest influence on me.4) it was in Central Park/ the library/ the book store/ the post office that I met John.


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Structure2. 1) What the speaker wanted to emphasize was 2) what the people would think about his behavior

3) what he is planning for the company 4) what a tele-operated robot can do for a family



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Comprehension Exercises1. Close (A) 1. In my mind’s eye 2. detail 3. sweating 4. realx 5. tense 6. fantasy 8.congratulate 9. media 10. emotion



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Comprehension Exercises1. Close (B) 1. what 2. for 3. an 4. rarely/never 5.will 6. longed 7. got 8. Then 9. in 10. life 11. support 12.to 13. After 14. run 15.face



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Comprehension Exercises2. Translation

Psychologists have used numerous facts to bear out the argument/ statement/ claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow of the body along with tears.



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Comprehension ExercisesConsider the case of/ Take Donna. Her son

unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said,” it was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth.”



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Assignment 1 Write a paragraph of 80 to 100 words about a person you are familiar with. Brainstorm what you know about this person -- stories, facts, etc. -- and use examples to illustrate his/her individual characteristics.


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Text B Text B Fourteen StepsFourteen Steps


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Main Idea In this text, the author talks about his three lives. His birth was the beginning of his first life. In his fifties, after he suffered from a disease, he experienced his second life. Then, on a dark, rainy night in 1971, after an old blind man and a little girl helped him, he began his third life.


• 外国语学院Install vt.Install vt.1. Place or fix in position ready for use 1. Place or fix in position ready for use 2. 2. establish (someone) in a new place, condition, or roleestablish (someone) in a new place, condition, or role

Examples:Examples:

•• we're planning towe're planning to install install a new shower.a new shower.

• • AshleyAshley installed installed herself behind her table.herself behind her table.


• 外国语学院Sanity n.Sanity n.1. 1. the ability to think and behave in a normal and the ability to think and behave in a normal and rational manner; sound mental healthrational manner; sound mental health2. reasonable and rational behavior2. reasonable and rational behavior

Examples:Examples:

•• I began to doubt my ownI began to doubt my own sanity sanity..


• 外国语学院Penetrate v.Penetrate v.succeed in understanding or gaining insight into succeed in understanding or gaining insight into (something complex or mysterious)(something complex or mysterious)

Examples:Examples:

•• a magician who seemed to have a magician who seemed to have penetratedpenetrated the mysteri the mysteries of nature.es of nature.一位好像已经洞察自然界秘密的魔术师。一位好像已经洞察自然界秘密的魔术师。


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Suffer from (+ unhappy/ unpleasant things etc.)Suffer from (+ unhappy/ unpleasant things etc.)

Examples:Examples:

•• Many people suffered from a great dread of heights.Many people suffered from a great dread of heights.

His wife has suffered from ill health for some years.His wife has suffered from ill health for some years.


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Sweep over Sweep over 风靡，向。。。扩展；袭击，将。。。一扫而光风靡，向。。。扩展；袭击，将。。。一扫而光Examples:Examples:

•• A storm swept over the country.A storm swept over the country.

Cold winds swept over the barren plains.Cold winds swept over the barren plains.


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Jack upJack up

1.1. raise something, especially a vehicle, with a jackraise something, especially a vehicle, with a jack 2.2. (informal) increase something by a considerable (informal) increase something by a considerable

amount. amount. 3.3. (NZ informal) arrange or organize something (NZ informal) arrange or organize something

Examples:Examples:

France jacked up its key bank interest rate.France jacked up its key bank interest rate.


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Comprehension Check

1.b 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.c 6.a

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Translation

1. aid 2. traits 3. inclined 4. in spite of 5.horrible 6.penetrated

7. dismiss 8. has suffered from 9. impatient 10.progressive 11.optimistic 12. to a degree

89



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13. ease 14. hold on to 15. install 16. in good health 17. shortcomings 18.intervals 19.bumped 20. miserable

90



• 外国语学院

Thank you for your attention!

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Unit 5

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