UNIT 5 (UNIT 1 BOOK)MODERN SPAIN I

MIDDLE AGESPREHISTORY

HISTORY

PALEOLITIC NEOLITHIC EGYPT GREECE

ANCIENT HISTORY

HUNTERS WHO LIVED IN

CAVES

FIRST SETTLEMENTS

(VILLAGES). AGRICULTURE

BEGINS

WRITING INVENTION

(3500 BC)

JESUS CHRIST IS BORN (YEAR 0 A.D.)

THE

FALL

OF

THE

ROM

AN E

MPI

REVI

SIGO

THS

MU

SLIM

S (7

11.A

.D)

CHRI

STIA

NS

(722

A.D

.)

DISC

OVE

RY O

F AM

ERIA

Catholic Monarchs

MODERN AGE

16TH

cen

tury

:

Carlo

s I a

nd F

elip

e II

1492 A.D.

ROME

17th

cen

tury

18th

cen

tury

Baroque: GOLDEN

AGE

Renaissance

INDU

STRI

AL R

EVO

LUTI

ON

AN

D FR

ENCH

REV

OLU

TIO

N (1

789

A.D.

)

BIG BANG

2-3 million years B.C. (humans appeared)

1789 A.D.

5TH century A.D.

THE SPANISH EMPIRE (16TH CENTURY)CARLOS I(1516-1556)

FELIPE II(1556-1598

Motto: Plus Ultra (further beyond)

Battle of Lepanto (against the Turkish Empire)

SPAIN AT THE END OF 16th CENTURY

THE EMPIRE IN WHICH THE SUN NEVER SETS

1588 (end of 16th century): INVINCIBLE ARMY

(FELIPE II)1st huge failure

17th century (1600-1700 a.d.)

17th century

(THE MODERN

AGE)

FELIPE III (EL PIADOSO): (1598 – 1621)LOSS OF INFLUENCE AND POWER IN EUROPEVALIDO: DUQUE DE LERMA

FELIPE IV: (EL REY PASMADO O EL GRANDE): (1621-1665)VALIDO: CONDE-DUQUE DE OLIVARES

Portugal Independent started in 1640 and finished in 1668.

CARLOS II (EL HECHIZADO): (1665-1700)He couldn´t have any children.Habsburg dinasty endend in 1700

SPAIN IN THE 18TH CENTURYTHE WAR OF SUCCESSION (1701 -1714)

BOURBONS (FRANCE) HABSBURGS (AUSTRIA)

•FELIPE V (NEW SPANISH KING): BOURBON DYNASTY (FRANCE)

TREATY OF UTRECHT (PEACE)

•GREAT BRITAIN RECEIVED GIBRALTAR

• THE NETHERLANDS AND ITALIAN TERRITORIES WENT TO AUSTRIA

consequences

18TH CENTURY IN SPAIN (1700-1800 A.D.)

18TH CENTURY

(THE MODERN

AGE)

FELIPE V:ABSOLUTE MONARCHY: unlimited power

CARLOS III: the best mayor of MadridCreated hospitals, museums, sewage systems, fountains…In Madrid: Botanic Gardens, Puerta de Alcalá…

CARLOS IV (1788-1808 A.D.)Goya Paintings

THE END OF 18TH CENTURY IN EUROPEINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

(1760) FRENCH REVOLUTION

(1789)IN GREAT BRITAIN

People migrated from rural areas to cities looking for work in factories which had

been developed thanks to new machinery and

inventions

IN FRANCEPolitical ideas changed moving from a absolute

monarchy and giving more power to the

people. Some years later, Napoleon Bonaparte would reach the

French power.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

JAMES WATT

STEAM ENGINESteam engines burned fossil fuels (COAL) to boil water, producing a new energy source: STEAM (vapour). This steam is used to move the wheels

Basic questions• Can you explain the French Revolution?• Which new ideas did the FRENCH REVOLUTION bring to the society?• Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?• Who was Carlos IV?• How did French troops invade Spain?

CARLOS IV

FERNANDO VII

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

JOSE BONAPARTE

THE END OF THE 18TH AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN

CARLOS IV

Came to the Spanish

throne in 1788, 1 year

before…

FRENCH REVOLUTION

1789

1804Napoleon

Bonaparte became FRENCH Emperor. He was a soldier and wanted to

conquer the world

1807The Spanish Prime Minister, Manuel Godoy, signed the

Treaty of Fontainebleau with

Napoleon

They agreed to invade Portugal and divide it between each other.

So Spanish army would leave them to cross the

country and invade Portugal…

However, after crossing the Pyrenees,

the French Army

INVADED and STAYED IN

OUR COUNTRY

(1808)

TREATY OF FONTAINEABLEAU

Initial idea

THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN

CARLOS IV

In 1808, once in Spain, Napoleon forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate (renounce)

and sent them to France

José I (Pepe Botella)

ruled Spain from 1808 to 1813.FERNANDO VII

Then, he put his brother, JOSEPH BONAPARTE

(JOSEPH I) on the throne of SPAIN

THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN: WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

The French invasion caused an uprising

(rebellion) in Madrid on 2nd of May 1808 and…

In 1808, THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

BEGAN!

FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y LUCIENTES

1814

With the British help, the French were defeated in

1814, and Napoleon recognised Fernando VII

as king of Spain (the absolute monarchy

returned)

THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN: the CONSTITUION OF 1812

In 1812, in CÁDIZ, the only place that was not under French rule, some politicians drew up

(plan) and signed a Spanish Constitution

It was the first Constitution in Spain and the most liberal Constitution at that time

(freedom ideas):

Equality for all

Freedom of expression and press

Constitutional Monarchy

Right to vote to all men over 25

TIME LINE: THE END OF 18TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF 19TH CENTURY

1788

1789

1804

1807CARLOS IV

became KING of Spain

FRENCH Revolution

Napoleon Bonaparte

became EMPEROR of France

Treaty of Fontainebleau. French troops

can cross Spain to invade Portugal

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1808-1814)

1808

Madrid Uprising

(2nd of May). The beginning of the War of Independence

1812

Cadiz Constitution

1814

The French are defeated

and Fernando VII became King

Fernando VII

Isabel II

1814

-183

318

33-1

868

THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY The independence of the AMERICAN

territories

By 1825, Spain had lost all the territories, except for CUBA AND

PUERTO RICO

Colonies in the Americas took advantage of this political instability to become independent from Spain.

THE 19TH CENTURY: The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II

FERNANDO VII(1814-1833)

ABSOLUTISM(1814-1820)

He declared Cadiz Constitution illegal in 1814

LIBERAL TRIENNIUM(1820-1823)

He became an absolute monarch (many conficts)

There were some military rebellions to get more freedom and restore the Cadiz

Constitución but, in 1823, Fernando VII abolished again that Constitution

OMINOUS DECADE(1823-1833)

Last ten years of the reign of King Fernando VII, after the abolition of the Spanish Constitution, until his death in 1833.

Period of repressions for liberals

THE 19TH CENTURY: The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II

FELIPE VILEONOR

Isabel II FERNANDO VII

There was/is a law called “Salic law” (Ley Sálica) by which only male members of the royal family could be crowned (become KING)

1814-1833 1833-1868

Isabel II FERNANDO VII

Before dieing, Fernando chose his eldest daughter Isabel as the next

queen of Spain instead of his brother Carlos

THE 19TH CENTURY: The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II

I am Carlos, Fernando’s

brother, the man! I have to be the

Spanish king not my nice!

THE 19TH CENTURY: The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II 1833-1868

The beginning of her reign was marked by CIVIL WARS known as the CARLIST WARS

Supporters of Isabel II Supporters of CARLOS (FERNANDO’S BROTHER)

They won and during the Isabel reign…

• Spain became a parliamentary monarchy (nowadays).• Political inestability (conflicts against the supporters of absolutism) • Isabel was forced to leave the country (exiled) in 1864Isabel II

THE 19TH CENTURY: The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II

Upper class• Nobility and rich factory owners and bankers called the upper bourgeoisie.

Middle class• It was made up of people such as merchant, doctors, lawyers

and small landowners

Working class• It was made up of very low-paid agricutural workers.• Factory workers (badly paid and working in dangerous conditions)• They had very little chance to improve their social status.

FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y LUCIENTES

Portraits of the royal family: • La familia de CARLOS IV

Horrors of the War of Independence

• La carga de los mamelucos en la Puerta del Sol • Los fusilamientos del 3 de mayo

FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y LUCIENTESTowards the end of Goya’s life, he went completely deaf.

He began a period of BLACK PAINTING

• Saturno devorando a sus hijos• Dos viejos comiendo sopa