SCIENCE STANDARD 5.B Students know the solar system includes
the planet Earth, the Moon, the Sun, eight other planets and their
satellites, and smaller objects such as asteroids and comets.
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SCIENCE STANDARD 6.G Record data by using appropriate graphic
representations and make inferences based on those data.
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INPUT Solar System: A star and all the planets and other
objects that revolve around it Planet: A body that revolves around
a star Satellite: A body in space that orbits a larger body
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INPUT Asteroid: A piece of rock and metal that orbits the sun
Comet: A ball of ice, rock, and frozen gases that orbits the
sun
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INPUT THE INNER PLANETS (PG. 346) Our solar system is made up
of 9 planets. Most of these planets have moons or satellites. The
four inner planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars All of the
inner planets are rocky and dense.
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INPUT THE INNER PLANETS (PG. 346) Mercury is the closest to the
sun. Like our moon, Mercury has no atmosphere and is covered in
craters and dust. The side that faces the sun is very hot (430C)
and the side that faces away is very cold (-130C). Venus is the
brightest object in the sky, after the moon. Same size as earth.
Hotter than Mercury because its thick atmosphere keeps heat from
escaping (460C).
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INPUT THE INNER PLANETS (PG. 346) Earths atmosphere and liquid
water make it the only planet known to support life. The atmosphere
keeps temperatures that support living things. Mars is called the
red planet because of its reddish soil. The atmosphere is mostly
carbon dioxide. River valleys show that it once had liquid water.
Has the largest volcano in the solar system.
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INPUT THE OUTER PLANETS (PG. 348) The five outer planets are:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto The first four planets
are called gas giants because they are mostly made of helium and
hydrogen.
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INPUT THE OUTER PLANETS (PG. 348) Jupiter is the largest planet
in the solar system. It has one ring and dozens of moons (including
the largest moon in the solar system). The Great Red Spot is a
storm that has lasted for 400 years. Saturn is best known for its
rings, which are made of ice, dust, boulders, and frozen gases.
Also has dozens of moons. Jupiter and Saturn are the only outer
planets that can be seen without a telescope.
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INPUT THE OUTER PLANETS (PG. 348) Uranus has many moons and
rings. This planet rotates on an axis that is more tilted. Compared
to other planets it seems to be rolling around its orbit instead of
spinning. Neptune has several rings and moons as well. It has the
strongest winds in the solar system and is similar in size to
Uranus. Pluto is small and rocky, unlike the outer planets. Its
orbit is unusual and sometimes passes inside of Neptunes
orbit.
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INPUT ASTEROIDS AND COMETS (PG. 350) The areas between Mars and
Jupiter is called the asteroid belt. This is a ring-shaped region
with thousands of small rocky bodies too small to be planets. A
comets orbit can pull it close to the sun and then back out around
Pluto. When the comet comes close to the sun it melts and releases
a gas that is seen as a tail.
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SUMMARY Write your own! You can do it!
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UNANSWERED QUESTIONS What gases come from a melting comet?
Create 2 more (You must have 3 written down).
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ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES You are a writer for the OPA Daily
newspaper. Please write a one paragraph article telling us
something exciting about our solar system. Maybe a new comet has
been discovered, or they just discovered the traces of water on
mars. Make it interesting and full of facts!
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MODELING Which planet seems to be rolling around on its orbit?
Uranus Which planet is called the red planet? Mars
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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING How many planets is our solar system
made of? 99
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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING What do you call a body in space that
orbits a larger body? A satellite