Warm Up

①  Explain the market revolution à

②  Discuss why transportation needed to be improved during the Market Revolution:

③  List three improvements in transportation ①  ②  ③ 

④  Explain what the north, south and west specialize in:

The Market Revolution

Characteristics of Market Revolution

I.  Creation of a national market. A.  All regions dependent on the market B.  Collective market

II.  Increase in economic activity A.  More buying and selling of good

III.  Increase in mobility of goods and labor. A.  Transportation improvements

IV.  Innovations & inventions A.  Improve life & work become easier

The New Economy

I.  American economy now focuses on capitalism & free enterprise

A.  Businesses are owned privately B.  Have little government oversight

II.  Private businesses compete to determine profits

III.  Increased industrialization has led to decreases in skilled labor

A.  Eli Whitney à interchangeable parts B.  Factory system

Society Changes

I.  During the Market Revolution the American society will undergo significant change.

A.  Urbanization (Urban Growth) à more people moving to cities i.  Americans can find work in factories

B.  Transportation Improvements à goods & people can move much faster

i.  Railroads, Steamboats, Roads (Turnpikes) & Canals

C.  Communication à people can communicate instantly i.  Telegraph provides instant communication ii.  Connects the American nation à North, South & West

Inventions Lead To Expansion

I.  From 1800-1850 the United States will expand rapidly A.  Manifest Destiny, Land Acquisitions, Mex-Am War

II.  Industrial inventions will assist this expansion westward & the Market Revolution

A.  Inventions make expansion possible à without these inventions America cannot move west

B.  Inventions make the Market Revolution à without inventions machines cannot make products and move products

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

I.  Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat making water travel much easier

A.  Travel both directions on the rivers à no man or animals needed

B.  Allowed products to be moved quickly throughout the nation

George Stephenson & Steam Locomotive

I.  Provided fast land transportation

II.  People and products can be moved without water

A.  Fast & cheap shipping

III.  Connected the American regions

IV.  Now north, south and west rely on one another

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

I.  Made cotton production easier & faster A.  Settlers can farm more land à specialization B.  Increased number of slaves needed on southern

plantations C.  Industrial agriculture of cotton

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

I.  Developed the idea of interchangeable parts A.  Unskilled workers can build products

B.  Mass production of good begins for markets

i.  Need a lot of goods very fast à factories

C.  Increase of factory system à increased urbanization

i.  More Americans moving to cities

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

I.  John Deere created the steel plow

A.  Made cultivation of western land possible

B.  Steel is much lighter & stronger C.  Easier to cultivate rocky soil in

western USA

II.  No steel plow à no westward expansion

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

I.  McCormick invented the mechanical reaper A.  Reaper used to harvest grain

(breads, pastas)

II.  Increased the productivity of the American farmer

III.  One famer could do the work of 5 men A.  Industrial agriculture B.  Less people needed to farm

Samuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph

I.  Samuel Morse invented the telegraph A.  Communication becomes instant B.  Interconnection of north, south

and west (they can all talk) C.  Linked interior (western) USA with

the east

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840s Sewing Machine

I.  Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846 II.  Isaac Singer added the foot pedal

III. The sewing machine reduced the time it took to make clothes A.  Textiles (clothes) became an important piece in American markets B.  Northern manufactures made clothes from southern cotton

i.  North and south rely on each other for economic prosperity

Social Impact of Market Revolution

I.  Manufacturing became much easier during the Market Revolution

A.  Inventions & industrialization

II.  Manufactured items become cheaper due to easiness

A.  Lower prices meant that factory workers could purchase new items

B.  American economy skyrockets à more production, more consumption = more money

Economic Impact of Market Revolution

I.  The Market Revolution led to specialization (focusing on one thing) in the three regions of the American economy

II.  North, South and West will all focus on one economic means of wealth

III.  The market allows the regions to specialize then sell products in market

Regional Specialization

North ! Industrial Manufacturing

SOUTH ! Cotton, Tobacco & Slavery

WEST ! The Nation’s “Breadbasket (FOOD)

The Market Revolution I.  Transformed a society of scattered farms and tiny

workshops into a national network of industry and commerce

A.  Increased industrialization à more factories B.  Increased urbanization à bigger cities C.  Increased regional specialization à regions focus on 1 thing D.  Increase railroads à more products & people moving E.  Increased transportation à more RR, Canals & Roads F.  Increased inventions à make market & expansion possible G.  Increase in slaves à more specialization need more workers H.  Increase in division à north (industry) south (cash crops &

slavery), west (food production)