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Unit 5 (Part 2) Review
Animal Characteristics
Heterotrophs Multicellular Move from place to place at
some point in their lives. Most reproduce sexually.
3 Things Animals Need To Survive
Food Water Oxygen
Different Types of Feeders
Herbivore Eats plants (veggies/fruit)
Carnivore Eats other animals (meat)
Omnivore Eats plants and animals
How To Classify Animals
Scientists group animals into different phyla based on the following characteristics: DNA Body structure Development of the embryo (fertilized
egg)
Worm Characteristics
Invertebrates Have long, narrow bodies without legs. Have tissues, organs, and organ
systems. Bilateral symmetry. Have heads and tails.
3 Major Phyla of Worms
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Phylum Annelida Segmented worms
Characteristics: Flatworms
Shape = flat Most are parasitic (i.e.
tapeworms) Examples = tapeworms and
planarians
Characteristics: Roundworms
Live in moist environments. Shape = cylindrical Type of feeder:
Carnivores Herbivores Parasites
Examples = hookworm
Characteristics: Segmented Worms
Shape = segmented or sectioned Have a closed circulatory system Come out at night to feed because...
Predators are asleep Night air is moist – get oxygen from water.
Examples = earthworms
Earthworms are helpful
Earthworms make the soil more fertile by pooping in it.
They also loosen the soil by making tunnels which makes it easier for plant roots to grow into the ground.
More plants = more food for humans.
Mollusk Characteristics
invertebrates Soft bodies Mantle – protects inner organs, makes
shell Foot - to help move Most have a shell (EXCEPT: slugs,
octopuses)
3 Major Classes
Class Gastropoda Snails and slugs.
Class Bivalvia Clams, oysters, squid, mussels
Class Cephalapoda Squid, nautiluses, octopuses, cuttlefish
Characteristics: Gastropods
Radula – tiny ribbon of teeth used to scrape food.
One shelled
Characteristics: Bivalves
Two shells No radula Have gills Foot adapted for digging Live in watery environments
Characteristics: Cephalopods
Complex nervous system Swim using jet propulsion Foot = tentacles that surround
mouth
Squid Adaptations
Chromatosphores – camoflauge Tentacles/arms – to grab food Jet propulsion – to move (for food, away
from predators) Eyes on side of head – can see behind them Gills – get oxygen from water Ink sac – used to get away from predator
Arthropod Characteristics
Invertebrates Exoskeleton Segmented body Joint appendages
4 Major Classes
Crustaceans Lobster, crayfish, shrimp, crabs
Arachnids Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions
Insects Ants, flies, beetles, cricket, bees, etc.
Myriapods Centipedes, Millipedes
Characteristics: Crustaceans
2-3 body sections 14 appendages
5 or more pairs of legs 2 pairs of antennae
Lives in water or damp places. Some are carnivores, others are
herbivores.
Characteristics: Arachnids
2 body sections 8 appendages
4 pairs of legs No antennae
Lives mostly on land carnivores
Characteristics: Insects
3 body sections 8 appendages
3 pairs of legs 1 pair of antennae
Lives mostly on land Some are carnivores, some are
herbivores
Characteristics: Millipedes
80 or more body sections 160 or more appendages
160 or more pairs of legs (2 pairs on each segment)
1 pair of antennae Live in warm/moist environments herbivores
Characteristics: Centipedes
100 or more body sections 200 or more appendages
100 or more pairs of legs 1 pair of antennae
Live in warm/moist environments carnivores
Arthropod’s Body
The arthropod’s body is split up into three main sections: Head Abdomen Thorax
Vertebrate Characteristics
Phylum Chordata Have a notochord
Turns into a backbone in MOST vertebrates. Have a nerve cord Have slits in throat area (called pharyngeal
slits) Endoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Internal (inside) skeleton Made up of three major bones:
Backbone Skull Ribs
Purpose: Supports body Helps give body shape Gives muscles a place to attach
Ectotherm vs. Endotherm
Ectotherms (i.e. reptiles, fishes) Body does not make internal heat. Body temperature depends on temp. of
environment. Endotherm (i.e. humans)
Body temperature is controlled from inside. Body temperature does NOT depend on outside
environment.
Fishes Characteristics
Vertebrate Closed circulatory system Most have fins – steering/moving Gills
3 Classes of Fishes
Jawless Fishes Hagfish, lampreys
Cartilaginous Fishes Sharks, Skates, Rays
Bony Fishes Garibaldi, goldfish, sheep head, trout, tuna, etc.
Characteristics: Jawless Fishes
No scales No jaws Skeleton made of cartilage Do not have pairs of fins
Characteristics: Cartilaginous Fishes
Have scales Have jaws Skeleton made of cartilage Have pairs of fins Cannot pump water over gills – must keep
moving or sit in current
Characteristics: Bony Fishes
Have scales Have jaws Skeleton made of hard bone Pumps water over gills – water comes in
through mouth and is pumped over gills Swim bladder
gas filled organ fish won’t sink or float (neutral buoyancy)
Mammals Characteristics
Endothermic Vertebrates 4 chambered heart Have fur or hair – keeps body warm Internal (inside) fertilization Gives birth to live young (EXCEPT
monotremes) Young fed with mother’s milk
3 Groups of Mammals
Monotremes Duck-Billed Platypus
Marsupials Kangaroos, Opossums
Placental Humans
Characteristics: Monotremes
Young develop from eggs laid by mother
Characteristics: Marsupials
Young are born alive early (premature)
Continue to grow and develop in mother’s pouch
Characteristics: Placental
Develop inside mother’s body attached to a placenta (a sac connected by a tube that feeds the baby nutrients from the mother)
They are not born at an early stage of development