Unit 5 Say YesUnit 5 Say Yes

1 Retell the story and Discuss the follow1 Retell the story and Discuss the follow

ing questions.ing questions.

1) What does the quarrel between the husba1) What does the quarrel between the husba

nd and wife touch upon?nd and wife touch upon?2) Is the husband a considerate and honest 2) Is the husband a considerate and honest

man? What kind of man is he?man? What kind of man is he?

3) Does the man agree with marriage 3) Does the man agree with marriage

between a black and a white?between a black and a white?

4) What kind of woman is the wife? 4) What kind of woman is the wife?

What does she think the marriage What does she think the marriage

between blacks and whites?between blacks and whites?

5) Why does the woman keep asking 5) Why does the woman keep asking her husband whether he would her husband whether he would marry her if she were black?marry her if she were black?

6) Do you think the husband knows his 6) Do you think the husband knows his wife very well?wife very well?

7) What do you think of “mixed 7) What do you think of “mixed marriage?”marriage?”

2.Background information 2.Background information

1) the author Tobias Wolff1) the author Tobias Wolff Tobias Wolff (1945—) was born in Alabama in Tobias Wolff (1945—) was born in Alabama in

1945. His parents divorced when he was a boy. 1945. His parents divorced when he was a boy. Wolff’s mother retained custody of him. As a Wolff’s mother retained custody of him. As a child, Wolff traveled with his mother, Rosemary, child, Wolff traveled with his mother, Rosemary, to the Pacific Northwest, where she remarried. to the Pacific Northwest, where she remarried. Growing up in the Pacific Northwest, young Growing up in the Pacific Northwest, young Tobias soon was forced to endure life under his Tobias soon was forced to endure life under his strict and cruel stepfather. His efforts to get strict and cruel stepfather. His efforts to get away from his stepfather led to his self-away from his stepfather led to his self-transformation. transformation.

That period of Wolff’s life is recounted in That period of Wolff’s life is recounted in ThisThis Boy’s Life: A MemoirBoy’s Life: A Memoir, which was later made into , which was later made into a film. He lives with his family in upstate New a film. He lives with his family in upstate New York and teaches writing at Syracuse York and teaches writing at Syracuse University.University.

From 1964 through 1968, Wolff served as a From 1964 through 1968, Wolff served as a lieutenant with the U.S. Army Special Forces lieutenant with the U.S. Army Special Forces (Green Berets) in Vietnam. He later recounted (Green Berets) in Vietnam. He later recounted his wartime experiences in the memoir his wartime experiences in the memoir In the In the Pharaoh’s Army: Memoirs of the Lost WarPharaoh’s Army: Memoirs of the Lost War. .

2) Racism 2) Racism

the belief that race accounts for the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is ability and that a particular race is superior to others. superior to others.

Racism in AmericaRacism in America Racial discrimination or racism refers Racial discrimination or racism refers

mainly to African Americans in the United mainly to African Americans in the United States, as they constitute one tenth of the States, as they constitute one tenth of the total population. The term "Negro" is total population. The term "Negro" is applied to people descended or partly applied to people descended or partly descended from slaves transported from descended from slaves transported from Africa long ago. It is now avoided by many Africa long ago. It is now avoided by many white Americans for fear of offending their white Americans for fear of offending their "non-white" brothers. The old term "non-white" brothers. The old term "nigger" is now considered to be insulting, "nigger" is now considered to be insulting, and is altogether avoided in decent usage. and is altogether avoided in decent usage.

In official statistics, "non-white" and “AfrIn official statistics, "non-white" and “African American” are used to refer to the blican American” are used to refer to the black people in America, and in ordinary sitack people in America, and in ordinary situations it is acceptable to call non-white puations it is acceptable to call non-white people "black", although this term was onceople "black", although this term was once also somewhat insulting. However, some also somewhat insulting. However, some non-whites in America do not like to be e non-whites in America do not like to be called African American. They admit that tcalled African American. They admit that their ancestors came from Africa, yet they heir ancestors came from Africa, yet they argue that they have won the freedom anargue that they have won the freedom and good life in America through their hardwd good life in America through their hardwork.ork.

They are different from the They are different from the people who are still living in people who are still living in Africa. In the 1960s, some black Africa. In the 1960s, some black people in America advocated the people in America advocated the slogan “ Black is beautiful”. So slogan “ Black is beautiful”. So now some non-whites in America now some non-whites in America prefer to be called Blacks instead prefer to be called Blacks instead of African American.of African American.

Without some reference to historical Without some reference to historical background, the black position today couldn't be background, the black position today couldn't be understood. The black population is about 20 understood. The black population is about 20 million. Their ancestors were brought to America million. Their ancestors were brought to America as slaves in the seventeenth and eighteenth as slaves in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Nearly all their descendants were kept centuries. Nearly all their descendants were kept in legal slavery in the South until 1865. The in legal slavery in the South until 1865. The southern states were defeated in the Civil War southern states were defeated in the Civil War and were forced to abolish slavery and set the and were forced to abolish slavery and set the slaves free. But the southerners were determined slaves free. But the southerners were determined to keep the Blacks from becoming equal in to keep the Blacks from becoming equal in anything but constitutional law.anything but constitutional law.

The Federal Government has, gradually comThe Federal Government has, gradually compelled the white majority in the South to allopelled the white majority in the South to allow Blacks to enjoy civic rights. But legal protew Blacks to enjoy civic rights. But legal protection has been slow to develop.It was not untiction has been slow to develop.It was not until 1964 that President Johnson signed the Civil l 1964 that President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Acts, banning discrimination in public Rights Acts, banning discrimination in public place based upon race or color. But if the Fedplace based upon race or color. But if the Federal Government has been making some efforeral Government has been making some effort for a program of providing equal education t for a program of providing equal education opportunity to all minority people, the progreopportunity to all minority people, the progress has been slow and difficult.ss has been slow and difficult.

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, it is a book tWritten by Harriet Beecher Stowe, it is a book t

hat describes the suffering of the black slaves. hat describes the suffering of the black slaves. The book was published in 1852 and soom becThe book was published in 1852 and soom became the second best-selling book in the world ame the second best-selling book in the world during the nineteenth century, second only to tduring the nineteenth century, second only to the Bible. he Bible. The book's impact was so great The book's impact was so great that when that when Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln met Stowe at met Stowe at the start of the the start of the American Civil WarAmerican Civil War, Lincoln , Lincoln is often quoted as having declared, "So is often quoted as having declared, "So you're the little woman who wrote the book you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!”that made this great war!”

The novel tells the stories of three slavesThe novel tells the stories of three slaves— Tom, Eliza, and George—who start out — Tom, Eliza, and George—who start out together in Kentucky(together in Kentucky( 肯塔基州肯塔基州 ), but who), but whose lives take different turns. Eliza and Geose lives take different turns. Eliza and George, who are married to each other but owrge, who are married to each other but owned by different masters, manage to escaned by different masters, manage to escape to Canada with their little boy, Harry ape to Canada with their little boy, Harry and get their freedom there. Tom is not so lnd get their freedom there. Tom is not so lucky. He is taken away from his wife and cucky. He is taken away from his wife and children. Tom is sold first to a kind master, hildren. Tom is sold first to a kind master, Augustine St. Clare, and then to the wickeAugustine St. Clare, and then to the wicked Simon Legree. d Simon Legree. Legree begins to hate Legree begins to hate Tom when Tom refuses Legree's order Tom when Tom refuses Legree's order to whip a fellow slave.to whip a fellow slave.

Tom receives a severe beating for refusing to Tom receives a severe beating for refusing to carry out the order.While at the plantation, carry out the order.While at the plantation, Tom meets Cassy, who was Legree's Tom meets Cassy, who was Legree's previous sex slave. Cassy was previously previous sex slave. Cassy was previously separated from her son and daughter when separated from her son and daughter when they were sold to different owners. When they were sold to different owners. When Cassy became pregnant again she killed her Cassy became pregnant again she killed her child to save him from the same fate.Tom child to save him from the same fate.Tom encourages Cassy to escape, which she encourages Cassy to escape, which she does.When Tom refuses to tell Legree where does.When Tom refuses to tell Legree where Cassy have gone, the cruel master orders his Cassy have gone, the cruel master orders his overseers to kill Tom.overseers to kill Tom.

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan also known as KKK. FoKu Klux Klan also known as KKK. Founded in 1865,it is a secret white suunded in 1865,it is a secret white supremacist organization that have apremacist organization that have advocated white supremacy and racdvocated white supremacy and racism. Ku Klux was derived from the ism. Ku Klux was derived from the Greek "kuklos," meaning circle, anGreek "kuklos," meaning circle, and the English word clan means partd the English word clan means party. y.

These organizations have often These organizations have often used terrorism, violence and acts of used terrorism, violence and acts of intimidation such as lynching, intimidation such as lynching, shootings and whippings to oppress shootings and whippings to oppress African Americans and others. The African Americans and others. The main targets of Klan were the main targets of Klan were the political and social leaders of the political and social leaders of the black community, blacks could be black community, blacks could be murdered for almost any reason. murdered for almost any reason. Men, women, children, aged and Men, women, children, aged and crippled, were victims. crippled, were victims.

In Georgia(In Georgia( 乔治亚洲乔治亚洲 ), Abraham Colby, an organ), Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. His ped for hours in front of his wife and children. His little daughter begged the Klansman, "Don't take little daughter begged the Klansman, "Don't take my daddy away." She never recovered from the simy daddy away." She never recovered from the sight and died soon after. Klan violence led one blacght and died soon after. Klan violence led one black man to write: "We have very dark days here. Thk man to write: "We have very dark days here. The colored people are in despair. The rebels boast the colored people are in despair. The rebels boast that the Negroes shall not have as much liberty now at the Negroes shall not have as much liberty now as they had under slavery. If things go on thus, our as they had under slavery. If things go on thus, our doom is sealed. God knows it is worse than slaverdoom is sealed. God knows it is worse than slavery." Klan activity ended by 1872 .y." Klan activity ended by 1872 .

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws Racial segregation, called “Jim Crow”, exclRacial segregation, called “Jim Crow”, excl

uded blacks from public transport and facilituded blacks from public transport and facilities, jobs, juries, and neighborhoods. Blacks hies, jobs, juries, and neighborhoods. Blacks had separate hospitals, prisons, orphanages, ad separate hospitals, prisons, orphanages, parks and pools.parks and pools. It is thought that the It is thought that the term 'Jim Crow laws' originated from the term 'Jim Crow laws' originated from the 18281828 popular song popular song Jump Jim CrowJump Jim Crow, a , a blackfaceblackface song which made derogatory song which made derogatory references to the character of colored references to the character of colored people. As a result of this song, the term people. As a result of this song, the term 'Jim Crow' became a mocking term for 'Jim Crow' became a mocking term for colored people.colored people.

Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African American woman got on a bus to go American woman got on a bus to go home after work. According to Jim home after work. According to Jim Crow law, the first ten rows of a bus Crow law, the first ten rows of a bus were reserved for whites.  Rosa were reserved for whites.  Rosa Parks sat, correctly, in the eleventh Parks sat, correctly, in the eleventh row, the first row behind the white row, the first row behind the white section.section.

However, on that day, all of the seats in However, on that day, all of the seats in the bus soon filled.  When a white man the bus soon filled.  When a white man boarded the bus, the driver (following the boarded the bus, the driver (following the standard practice of segregation) asked standard practice of segregation) asked that all four blacks sitting just behind the that all four blacks sitting just behind the white section give up their seats so that white section give up their seats so that the white man could sit there. Rosa Parks the white man could sit there. Rosa Parks quietly refused to give up her seat. When quietly refused to give up her seat. When the police came on the bus that day, the police came on the bus that day, they said to Rosa Parks, “You know if you they said to Rosa Parks, “You know if you continue to sit there, we’re going to have continue to sit there, we’re going to have to throw you in jail.”  She answered, “You to throw you in jail.”  She answered, “You may do that.”  may do that.” 

After her arrest, local civil rights activists, After her arrest, local civil rights activists, initiated a boycott of the bus system.  Leading initiated a boycott of the bus system.  Leading the boycott group was a young Baptist minister. the boycott group was a young Baptist minister. His name was Martin Luther King, Jr. Since His name was Martin Luther King, Jr. Since African Americans made up about 75 percent of African Americans made up about 75 percent of the bus riders in Montgomery, the boycott posed the bus riders in Montgomery, the boycott posed a serious economic threat to the company and a serious economic threat to the company and the white rule of the community.  The boycott the white rule of the community.  The boycott lasted 381 days, into December 1956 when the lasted 381 days, into December 1956 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation law was unconstitutional and the Montgomery law was unconstitutional and the Montgomery buses were to be integrated.buses were to be integrated.

Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Martin Luther King, Jr., was a great man who worked for racial great man who worked for racial equality and civil rights in the equality and civil rights in the United States of America. He was United States of America. He was born on January 15, 1929, in born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Atlanta, GeorgiaGeorgia. Martin . Martin experienced racism early in life. experienced racism early in life. He decided to do to something to He decided to do to something to make the world a better and make the world a better and fairer place. fairer place.

After graduating from college and getting After graduating from college and getting married, Dr. King became a minister and married, Dr. King became a minister and moved to moved to AlabamaAlabama. During the 1950's, Dr. . During the 1950's, Dr. King became active in the movement for King became active in the movement for civil rights and racial equality. He civil rights and racial equality. He participated in the Montgomery, Alabama, participated in the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott and many other peaceful bus boycott and many other peaceful demonstrations that protested the unfair demonstrations that protested the unfair treatment of African-Americans. He won treatment of African-Americans. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, 1968, in Memphis, TennesseeTennessee. . Commemorating the life of a Commemorating the life of a tremendously important leader, we tremendously important leader, we celebrate Martin Luther King Day each celebrate Martin Luther King Day each year in January, the month in which he year in January, the month in which he was born. August 28, the anniversary was born. August 28, the anniversary of Dr. King's 1963of Dr. King's 1963I Have a DreamI Have a Dream speech, is called "Dream Day." speech, is called "Dream Day."

After the Civil Rights movement, After the Civil Rights movement, racial relationship has somewhat racial relationship has somewhat improved. However, racism is still improved. However, racism is still very much alive. The only thing is very much alive. The only thing is that it now may take more that it now may take more subtle subtle forms. forms. We know that America is a We know that America is a melting pot. People from all around melting pot. People from all around the world immigrate to America and the world immigrate to America and live there. live there.

Why did the two black boys rob the Why did the two black boys rob the car?car?

What were the stereotypes of the What were the stereotypes of the black?black?

What did you learn from the movie?What did you learn from the movie?

Questions for discussion:Questions for discussion:Why do white people think of Why do white people think of

themselves as superior?themselves as superior?Why do you think discrimination Why do you think discrimination

exists?exists?Are there any forms of racial Are there any forms of racial

discrimination in China?discrimination in China?

3.Text analysis3.Text analysis    

Part 1 (Part 1 (Para.1)Para.1): The husband and wife maintain a : The husband and wife maintain a harmonious relationship with each other.harmonious relationship with each other.

Part 2 (Part 2 (Paras. 2—51)Paras. 2—51): The husband is questioned : The husband is questioned by his wife about his view on a white person’by his wife about his view on a white person’s marrying a black person. s marrying a black person.

Part 3 (Part 3 (Para. 52)Para. 52): He has a strange feeling of unea: He has a strange feeling of uneasiness in the dark.siness in the dark.

4. Language Study4. Language Study

1. somehow1. somehowadv. adv. in a way not specified, understood, or knownin a way not specified, understood, or known I know what we are doing is legal, but somehow it I know what we are doing is legal, but somehow it

doesn’t feel right.doesn’t feel right. Compare: anyhow, anywayCompare: anyhow, anyway*anyhow: in whatever way or manner; however; *anyhow: in whatever way or manner; however;

neverthelessneverthelessThey came anyhow they could—by boat, train, or plane.They came anyhow they could—by boat, train, or plane.It sounds crazy, but I believe it anyhow.It sounds crazy, but I believe it anyhow.*anyway: in any way or manner; whatever; nevertheless; *anyway: in any way or manner; whatever; nevertheless;

regardlessregardlessGet the job done anyway you can.Get the job done anyway you can.It was raining but they played the game anyway.It was raining but they played the game anyway.

2. 2. considerconsiderv.v. 1) to think carefully about 1) to think carefully about All things considered, the reform is a All things considered, the reform is a

success.success.2) to think or deem to be; to regard 2) to think or deem to be; to regard She considers waste to be criminal.She considers waste to be criminal.3) to take into account; to bear in mind 3) to take into account; to bear in mind Her success is not surprising if you Her success is not surprising if you

consider her excellent training. 4) to consider her excellent training. 4) to show consideration forshow consideration for

She failed to consider the feelings of She failed to consider the feelings of others.others.

Considerate/ considerable/considering/considerationConsiderate/ considerable/considering/considerationconsiderateconsiderate: : adj.adj. showing kind regard for the feelings; showing kind regard for the feelings;

thoughtful; careful not to hurt or cause inconvenience thoughtful; careful not to hurt or cause inconvenience to othersto others

It is considerate of you not to play the piano while I was It is considerate of you not to play the piano while I was having a sleep.having a sleep.

considerableconsiderable:: adj. adj. rather large or great, as in size, rather large or great, as in size, distance, or extentdistance, or extent

He bought a house at a considerable expense.He bought a house at a considerable expense.consideringconsidering: : prep.prep. in view of; having regard to in view of; having regard toShe’s very active, considering her age.She’s very active, considering her age.considerationconsideration: : n. n. careful thought; deliberation; factor to careful thought; deliberation; factor to

be considered in forming a judgment or decisionbe considered in forming a judgment or decisionWe will give your proposal consideration.We will give your proposal consideration.Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a Safety is the most important consideration in choosing a

car.car.

3. 3. pinchpinchv.v. 1) to squeeze or bind (a part of the body) in 1) to squeeze or bind (a part of the body) in

such a way as to cause discomfort or painsuch a way as to cause discomfort or painThese shoes pinch my toes.These shoes pinch my toes.2) to nip; to wither2) to nip; to witherbuds that were pinched by the frostbuds that were pinched by the frosta face that was pinched with griefa face that was pinched with grief

4. 4. snapsnap v. v. 1) to take photograph1) to take photographThe reporter snapped the governor as she The reporter snapped the governor as she

was getting into her car.was getting into her car.2) to speak abruptly or sharply2) to speak abruptly or sharplyHe snapped at the child.He snapped at the child.

5. 5. rummagerummage1) 1) v.v. to make an energetic, usually hasty search to make an energetic, usually hasty searchHe rummaged in/through all the drawers, looking for a He rummaged in/through all the drawers, looking for a

pen.pen.2) 2) n.n. a thorough search among a number of things or a a thorough search among a number of things or a

confusion of miscellaneous articlesconfusion of miscellaneous articlesI had a rummage about/around the house, but I couldn’t I had a rummage about/around the house, but I couldn’t

find my certificate anywhere.find my certificate anywhere.

6. 6. sprayspray1) 1) v.v. to disperse (a liquid) in a mass or jet of droplets to disperse (a liquid) in a mass or jet of dropletsThe pipe burst and the water was spraying everywhere.The pipe burst and the water was spraying everywhere.2) 2) n.n. water or other liquid moving in a mass of dispersed water or other liquid moving in a mass of dispersed

droplets, as from a wavedroplets, as from a waveCan you feel the spray from the waterfall?Can you feel the spray from the waterfall?

7.7. ashamed ashamedadj. feeling shame adj. feeling shame 感到羞愧的，惭愧的感到羞愧的，惭愧的You should feel ashamed of what you have done.You should feel ashamed of what you have done.shameful:shameful: adj. causing shame; disgraceful adj. causing shame; disgraceful 导致羞愧的；可耻的导致羞愧的；可耻的shameful conductshameful conductshamelessshameless: adj. without shame; feeling no shame : adj. without shame; feeling no shame 厚颜无耻的厚颜无耻的shameless exploitershameless exploiter

8.8. attach attachvv. 1) to fasten, secure, or join, connect. 1) to fasten, secure, or join, connectThey attach great importance to the threat.They attach great importance to the threat.She attached great value to being financially independent.She attached great value to being financially independent. 2) to bind by emotional ties, as of affection or loyalty2) to bind by emotional ties, as of affection or loyaltyThe girl is very much attached to her grandparents.The girl is very much attached to her grandparents.*He is thirty two, he is gorgeous, he’s got his own house, and *He is thirty two, he is gorgeous, he’s got his own house, and

what’s more, he is unattached.what’s more, he is unattached.

9.9. demonstrate demonstratev.v. 1) to present by experiments, examples, 1) to present by experiments, examples,

or practical application; to explain and or practical application; to explain and illustrateillustrate

He demonstrated the laws of physics with He demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.laboratory equipment.

2) to show clearly and deliberately; to 2) to show clearly and deliberately; to manifestmanifest

He demonstrated affection by hugging.He demonstrated affection by hugging. 3) to participate in a public display of 3) to participate in a public display of

opinionopinionPeople went on the street to demonstrate People went on the street to demonstrate

against the tax hikes.against the tax hikes.

10. 10. tonetonen.n. 1) a sound of distinct pitch, quality, and 1) a sound of distinct pitch, quality, and

duration; a note duration; a note Don’t ask me to sing—I’m tone-deaf.Don’t ask me to sing—I’m tone-deaf. 2) manner of expression in speech or 2) manner of expression in speech or

writingwritingHe was in a very bad moon when he He was in a very bad moon when he

arrived, and that set the tone for the arrived, and that set the tone for the meeting.meeting.

tune:tune: n.n. a melody a melodyin tune/out of tune with the pianoin tune/out of tune with the piano

11. 11. clearclearadj.adj. 1) free from clouds, mist, or haze 1) free from clouds, mist, or hazea clear daya clear day 一个晴天一个晴天2) free from what dims, obscures, or darkens 2) free from what dims, obscures, or darkens clear waterclear water 清澈的水清澈的水3) free from flaw, blemish, or impurity 3) free from flaw, blemish, or impurity a clear, perfect diamonda clear, perfect diamond 完美无瑕的钻石完美无瑕的钻石a clear record with the policea clear record with the police 没有前科没有前科4) free from impediment, obstruction, or hindrance4) free from impediment, obstruction, or hindrancea clear path to victorya clear path to victory 通往胜利坦途通往胜利坦途 5) plain or evident to the mind; unmistakable5) plain or evident to the mind; unmistakablea clear case of cheatinga clear case of cheating 一桩明显的诈骗案一桩明显的诈骗案

12. 12. pitch inpitch into set to work vigorously; to join forces with others; to to set to work vigorously; to join forces with others; to

help or cooperatehelp or cooperateE.g. If we all pitch in, it shouldn’t take too long.E.g. If we all pitch in, it shouldn’t take too long.After we had seen the video everyone started pitching After we had seen the video everyone started pitching

in with comments on its fault.in with comments on its fault.

13. t13. take one’s word for it = take sb. for his wordake one’s word for it = take sb. for his wordto believe what sb. says is trueto believe what sb. says is trueE.g. If he says there’s $500 in the envelop then, I’ll tE.g. If he says there’s $500 in the envelop then, I’ll t

ake his word for it.ake his word for it.He said he would give me a job and I just took him for He said he would give me a job and I just took him for

his word. his word.

14. 14. resort toresort toto use sth. for help, because you cannot find any othto use sth. for help, because you cannot find any oth

er way of actinger way of actingE.g. I had to resort to violence to get my money.E.g. I had to resort to violence to get my money.

15. 15. come to one’s aidcome to one’s aidto help or supportto help or supportE.g. An anonymous millionaire has come to the comE.g. An anonymous millionaire has come to the com

pany’s aid by lending it the money it needs to kepany’s aid by lending it the money it needs to keep it in business.ep it in business.

He gets about with the aid of a walking stick.He gets about with the aid of a walking stick.She went to the aid of a man trapped in his car.She went to the aid of a man trapped in his car.The concern was in aid of famine relief. The concern was in aid of famine relief.

16. 16. for one’s sake = for the sake offor one’s sake = for the sake of1) because of 1) because of Let’s not disagree for the sake of a few pounds.Let’s not disagree for the sake of a few pounds.2) for the purpose of2) for the purpose ofLet’s say, just for the sake of argument/ for Let’s say, just for the sake of argument/ for

argument’s sake, that prices rise by 3% this argument’s sake, that prices rise by 3% this year.year.

3) used to emphasize requests or orders and 3) used to emphasize requests or orders and when you are angry or have lost patiencewhen you are angry or have lost patience

For God’s/Christ’s sake, turn that music off. For God’s/Christ’s sake, turn that music off. For Goodness’s/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake For Goodness’s/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake

don’t let her know what I told you.don’t let her know what I told you.

17. 17. feel corneredfeel corneredto feel forced into a situation where it’s hard to feel forced into a situation where it’s hard

to escapeto escapeE.g. I felt cornered at the party when he bore E.g. I felt cornered at the party when he bore

me to death about his difficult childhood. me to death about his difficult childhood.

18. 18. have no choice but to dohave no choice but to doto the only choice we have is to to the only choice we have is to E.g. We have no choice but to close the E.g. We have no choice but to close the

hospital.hospital.

19. 19. make it up to sb.make it up to sb.1) make it up to: to give sb. sth. or do sth. for (esp. sb. 1) make it up to: to give sb. sth. or do sth. for (esp. sb.

for whom you have caused trouble)for whom you have caused trouble)E.g. I’m sorry we cannot take you with us but I promE.g. I’m sorry we cannot take you with us but I prom

ise I’ll make it up to you somehow.ise I’ll make it up to you somehow.2) make it up with sb.: to forgive and become friends 2) make it up with sb.: to forgive and become friends

again after argumentagain after argumentWe often quarrel but we always make it up with each We often quarrel but we always make it up with each

other soon after.other soon after.

20. 20. come up withcome up withto bring forth or discoverto bring forth or discoverE.g. He came up with a cure for the disease.E.g. He came up with a cure for the disease.

21. 21. on one’s part = on the part ofon one’s part = on the part ofregarding or with respect to the one specifiedregarding or with respect to the one specifiedE.g. Brilliant strategy on the part of E.g. Brilliant strategy on the part of

Confederate forces ensured their victory at Confederate forces ensured their victory at Chancellors Ville.Chancellors Ville.

22. 22. break upbreak up1) to separate into pieces; to divide1) to separate into pieces; to dividebreak up a chocolate barbreak up a chocolate bar2) to scatter; to disperse2) to scatter; to disperseThe crowd broke up after the game.The crowd broke up after the game.3) to bring or come to an end3) to bring or come to an endThe marriage broke up.The marriage broke up.