Unit 6 ConsumerCredit. Unit 6 Vocabulary Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Average Daily Balance Balance...

Unit 6

ConsumerConsumer

CreditCredit

Unit 6 Vocabulary Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Average Daily Balance Balance Due Billing (Closing) Date Borrower Capital Collateral Credit Credit Bureau Credit Card Credit Card Statement Credit History Creditor Down Payment

Due Date Finance (Handling) Charge Five C’s of Credit Installment Loan Installment Purchase (Sales)

Contract Line of Credit New Balance Principal Prorate Secured Loan Service (Carrying) Charge Simple Interest Unpaid Balance

What are the history, advantages, disadvantages, laws, costs, and consumer responsibilities of credit?

Unit Essential QuestionUnit Essential Question

The Vernacular of CreditThe Vernacular of Credit

CreditCredit:: The privilege of buying something now, with the agreement to pay later, or borrowing money with the promise to pay it back later.

Balance DueBalance Due: : The amount that remains due on a loan, including both principal and interest.


Billing (Closing) DateBilling (Closing) Date:: The last date of the month that any purchase you made with your credit card or any payment made on your account is recorded.

BorrowerBorrower: : The person who borrows money or uses credit.

CapitalCapital: : The property you possess that is worth more than your debts.


CollateralCollateral:: Personal property (bonds, stocks, automobiles, livestock, proceeds from an insurance policy, and so on) pledged to a lender to secure a loan.

CreditorCreditor: : Person or company to whom one owes money or goods.

Due DateDue Date:: The date on or before which payment is due.


Financing (Handling) ChargeFinancing (Handling) Charge:: The amount a borrower must pay for the use of credit, including interest and service charges.

Installment Purchase (Sales) Installment Purchase (Sales) ContractContract: : A written agreement to make regular payments on a specific purchase.


PrincipalPrincipal: : Amount of money borrowed or the unpaid balance of a revolving credit account

ProrateProrate:: To divide proportionately over a period of time.

Secured LoanSecured Loan: : A loan wherein the borrower pledges property or other assets to assure the creditor of repayment.


Service (Carrying) ChargeService (Carrying) Charge:: Amount charged to borrowers or customers by merchants or banks for servicing an account or loan.

Credit CardCredit Card:: A card that allows the person to whom it is issued to receive purchases and service, but pay for them later.

Credit Card StatementCredit Card Statement:: Monthly statement received from the credit card company. It contains all the pertinent information regarding your account for that month.

Line of CreditLine of Credit:: A pre-established amount that can be borrowed on demand.


What is the history of credit in America?

Essential Question 1Essential Question 1CreditCredit

The need for credit arose when America changed from a bartering economy to a currency exchange economy.

Pre 1900 Credit was rare General Stores offered farmers credit “on

account” with no interest to be paid in full after the harvest.

Money borrowed from a bank usually had a very high interest rate of 25 – 50 percent.

History of CreditHistory of Credit

Early 1900s Lenders began to understand the advantages of

credit and interest rates dropped. As the United States shifted from an agricultural

economy to an industrial economy, lending institutions started asking for collateral to secure loans.

The expanded use of credit lead to job creation and economic growth.


1920 – 1980 Buying on credit became the American way. The overuse of credit, especially in the stock

market, helped cause the great depression when the market crashed in 1929.

World War II pulled the United States out of the depression and into thirty years of economic growth and revitalization of credit-mania.

Again, the ramped use of credit helped put the United States into a deep recession with the oil crisis of the mid-70s.


With double digit inflation and double digit interest, Americans could not afford to buy a house or automobile, even on credit.

Major and powerful consumer protection legislation was passed and private and government agencies formed to enforce the laws and protect the consumer form fraudulent and excessive interest rates.

The late-70s saw the economy start to recover and a new occupation emerge – credit counseling.


The 1980s The recession and slow recovery that followed claimed

many people and businesses as a record number declared bankruptcy.

A better understanding of credit developed and it was seen as the villain for the great depression and great recession.

Tax laws changed to discourage the use of credit and encourage savings.

Along with this change came a new occupational cluster – Financial and Investment Planners and Advisors


Credit Today Over 80 percent of all purchases made in the

United States are made through the use of credit. Major industries such as automobiles use credit as

a major marketing tool. Certain types of credit are easy to get such as

credit cards. Other types of credit, such as mortgages, are harder to get.

The United States is again facing a credit crisis similar to that of 1929 and 1976. It is just a matter of time.


What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit in today’s changing economy?


Advantages of Credit Increases buying power Increases standard of living Provides emergency funds Assists with budgeting Get better service, preferred status Have better receipts (proof of purchase) More convenient, faster, and safer than cash.

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of CreditDisadvantages of Credit

Disadvantages of Credit Financial cost of credit make it more expensive

than cash. Decreases amount of comparison shopping by

limiting customers to stores that accept credit. Future income is tied up in paying off credit. Can lead to overspending.

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of CreditDisadvantages of Credit

What are the five C’s of credit and how do they impact your credit rating or creditworthiness?


Establishing Credit Determining creditworthiness ((the five C’s of the five C’s of

creditcredit))Character: Will you repay the debt? A person who is

stable and has a responsible attitude toward paying bills and meeting obligations.

Capacity: Can you repay the debt? You need to have enough money left over each month after paying fixed expenses to meet the debt obligation.

CreditworthinessCreditworthiness

Establishing Credit Determining creditworthiness (the five C’s of

credit)Capital: Is the creditor fully protected if you fail to

repay? Your net worth (assets minus liabilities) must be greater than the debt to ensure it can be paid back in full.

Conditions: What economic conditions can affect your repayment of debt? Employment history, job security, employer, whether or not you’re married, legal history, etc. are all examples of things considered by a creditor.


Establishing Credit Determining creditworthiness (the five C’s of

credit)Collateral: If your capacity to pay suddenly changes,

what can you sell to give creditors their money? Property or possessions you own that can be used to secure the debt. If the debt is not paid as agreed, the collateral is repossessed and sold to pay the debt.


Establishing Credit Any time you go into debt, you establish credit. Credit HistoryCredit History:: A complete record of your credit

performance. Credit BureauCredit Bureau:: A company that accumulates,

stores and distributes credit information. There are three major Credit Bureaus in the U.S.

EquifaxTRW Credit DataTransUnion


Establishing Credithttp://www.creditratings101.com/credit-sco

res/fico-score/ Credit ratings:

Excellent or A rating: Excellent or A rating: • Pays bills before the due date.

• Has used credit successfully for many years.

• Has not missed any payments.

• Pays greater than the minimum amount required.

• Pays debts off early.


Establishing Credit Credit ratings:

Good or B rating: Good or B rating: • Pays bills on time or during the ten day grace period.

• Has not missed any payments.

Fair rating:Fair rating:• Usually pays bills within the grace period, but occasionally

takes longer.

• Late charges are necessary, but normally no reminder is needed.

• Person is described as slow in paying, but fairly reliable.


Establishing Credit Credit ratings:

Poor rating: Poor rating: • Payments are not regular.

• Months are often missed.

• Reminders are frequently sent.

• This person has failed entirely to pay back a debt, has filed bankruptcy, or has other wise shown he or she is not a good credit risk.

• Is usually denied credit.


What provisions of the major credit laws affect you the most?


Consumer Credit Protection ActConsumer Credit Protection Act Also known as the Truth-in-Lending Act Requires the creditor to disclose the following facts

to the debtor in writing:Cash priceDown paymentTrade-in priceAmount financedFinance chargeAnnual percentage rate Insurance costs, filing fees, other miscellaneous added

costs of any kind

Credit LawsCredit Laws

Amount(s) and date(s) of paymentMethod of calculating unearned interest in case of

early payoffAny other information that may be applicable

Three day grace period in which the purchaser is allowed to change his or her mind.

Limited liability to $50 after a credit card has been lost or stolen.

No liability if the card is reported lost prior to any fraudulent charges being incurred.


Fair Credit Reporting ActFair Credit Reporting Act You have a right to your credit report. You have to know who has accessed your credit

report over the last two years. You have a right to know why you have been

denied credit.


Fair Credit Billing ActFair Credit Billing Act The consumer must report billing errors within 60

days of receipt of the statement. The statement must showed an itemized list of

transactions. The creditor must acknowledge your complaint

within 30 days. The creditor must correct the error or explain why

the bill is correct with in 90 days of receipt of the letter.


Equal Credit Opportunity ActEqual Credit Opportunity Act Credit cannot be denied based on discriminatory

reasons (race, sex, religion, marital status, age, national origin, if you receive public assistance, unemployed, etc.)

Husbands and wives are considered co-borrowers and are equally responsible for the payment of debt and receive equal credit for the payment of that debt.


Fair Debt Collection Practices ActFair Debt Collection Practices Act Designed to eliminate abusive collection

practices. Intimidation is prohibited when there is a

legitimate reason for nonpayment. Very restricted on when debt collectors are

allowed to make telephone calls or visits to a place of employment.

Debt collectors must verify the accuracy of the bill and give the consumer the opportunity to clarify and dispute it.


What are your responsibilities to yourself, responsibilities to creditors, and the creditor’s responsibilities to you?


Your Responsibilities to YourselfYour Responsibilities to Yourself Use credit wisely Have the right attitude – good faith and reputation

Your Responsibilities to CreditorsYour Responsibilities to Creditors Limit your spending to what you can afford to pay Read and understand the agreements Contact the creditor when there is a problem

Responsibilities of Responsibilities of Consumer CreditConsumer Credit

Creditors’ Responsibilities to YouCreditors’ Responsibilities to You Truthful and informative – represents their goods

and services honestly Sound lending and credit policies

Uses established credit reporting agenciesDoes not allow a customer to over-extend themselves

Applies fair and reasonable credit charges

Responsibilities of Responsibilities of Consumer CreditConsumer Credit

What are the costs associated with credit and how do you calculate them under varying conditions?


The Cost of CreditThe Cost of Credit

The cost of credit can be determined by using the simple interest formula, APR formula, previous balance method, adjusted balance method, or the average daily balance method.

Computing Simple InterestComputing Simple Interest Computed using the formula I = PRT.

I - InterestP - PrincipalR - RateT – Time

Finance ChargeFinance Charge:: The amount you pay if the last balance has not been paid in full. Is calculated using the simple interest formula. The principal is the unpaid balance. Time is always equal to one.


Unpaid BalanceUnpaid Balance:: Any of the last balance that was not paid. Is calculated by:

Unpaid Balance = Last Balance – Payment

New BalanceNew Balance:: The amount owed after adding the finance charge and new purchases to the unpaid balance. Is calculated by:

New Balance = Unpaid Balance + Finance Charge + New Charges


Examples: Find the unpaid balance, finance charge, and new balance.

Last Balance: $1,043.23 Payments: $180 Finance Rate: 1.5% New Charges: $137.21

Find the unpaid balance, finance charge, and new balance. Last Balance: $80.45 Payments: $0 Finance Rate: 1% New Charges: $99.85

Find the unpaid balance, finance charge, and new balance. Last Balance: $1,643.87 Payments: $250 Finance Rate: 1.25% New Charges: $37.75


Adjusted Balance MethodAdjusted Balance Method:: The finance charge is applied only to the amount owed after you’ve paid your bill each month.



Adjusted Balance MethodAdjusted Balance Method (APR = 18%)

Previous Balance MethodPrevious Balance Method:: The finance charge is imposed on the entire amount owed from the previous month.


Previous Balance MethodPrevious Balance Method (APR = 18%)


Average Daily Balance MethodAverage Daily Balance Method:: The finance charge is based on the balance of each day of the billing cycle added together then divided by the number of days of the billing cycle.


Installment LoanInstallment Loan:: A loan to be repaid in fixed payments including principle and interest.

Down PaymentDown Payment:: An amount given as security for a loan to ensure that other remaining payments will be made.


Annual Percentage Rate FormulaAnnual Percentage Rate Formula:: Used in determining payments and interest with installment credit.

1 N P

fn 2 APR


APRAPR:: Annual percentage rate.nn:: Number of payment periods in one year. ff:: Total dollar cost of credit (Finance

Charge).PP:: Principal or net amount borrowed.NN:: Total number of payments to pay off the

amount borrowed.


The Kramers are buying a new sofa. The cash price is $800. Instead, they can put down $100 and pay the balance in 12 monthly payments of just $66 each. What is their total finance charge? What is the APR?

(12 x $66) = $792 + $100 = $892 Total price paid$892 – $800 = $92 Finance chargeAPR = (2 x 12 x $92) / ($700 x [12 + 1])

APR = 2208 / 9100

APR = 0.242 = 24.3%


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Unit 6 ConsumerCredit. Unit 6 Vocabulary Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Average Daily Balance Balance...

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