Sensitivity to Punishment & Rewards Punishment Score= Add
all of your Yes responses for each ODD number Youll have a range
from 0-24 Reward Score= Add all of your Yes responses for each EVEN
number Youll have a range from 0-24 High punishment score you are
likely vulnerable to anxiety High reward score you are likely
vulnerable to impulsivity
Slide 4
Objective 4: Applications of Classical Conditioning John Watson
and Baby Albert http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE Little
Albert
Slide 5
Objective 5: Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER
Slide 6
Classical Conditioning behavior that occurs as an automatic
response to some stimulus (you have no control) Operant
conditioning Associate your own actions with consequences (you have
control over behavior) What determines your behavior? When does
this happen? stimulus BEFORE your response consequence AFTER your
response
Slide 7
Do you care about future consequences? -reverse
#s3,4,5,9,10,11,&12 - Total all 12 - Range from 12-60 - Higher
numbers indicate greater concern for future consequences -
Optimistic, hopeful, recycle, internal locus of control, concern
for health, dont smoke - Lower numbers tend to be very passionate
about things currently going on in life - Tend to live in the
here-and-now http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=x3S0xS2hdi4
Marshmallow Test
Slide 8
1.How would you classically condition a preschool child who is
afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbors friendly dog? Be
sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. 2.Mr.
Bryne cant understand why scolding his 7 th grade students for
disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr.
Brynes predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles.
Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce
disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors.
3.Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. 4. Some
people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of
alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their
desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a
classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to
decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: US
URCSCRExtinction
Slide 9
What are the basic types of reinforcers? Reinforcer Anything
that strengthens the behavior it follows Positive reinforcement
adds a positive to continue your behavior Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement removes a negative Negative reinforcement
Not punishment Removes a punishing event / gets rid of something
annoying 1.Another term for negative reinforcement: correction,
reprimand, punishment 2.When you supply negative reinforcement it
usually results in: weakening a behavior / strengthening a behavior
3.Do people look forward to negative reinforcement: yes / no
Slide 10
Which type of reinforcement 1. A mother gives her son praise
for doing homework 2. Taking aspirin to relieve headache 3. Putting
mittens on because it is cold 4. The little boy receives $5.00 for
every A he earns on his report card. 5. Giving in to a whining
child 6. Fanning oneself to escape the heat 7. Leaving a movie
theater if the movie is bad 8. Smoking in order to relieve anxiety
9. A father gives his daughter candy for cleaning up toys. 10.
Feigning stomachache to avoid school 11. Putting up umbrellas to
escape the rain 12. You get yelled at for having your music too
loud by your mom who usually ignores you so you can continue + + +
- - - - - - - - +
Slide 11
Punishment Stops the behavior Negative Reinforcement encourages
behavior. When something unpleasant stops, the behavior that caused
it to stop is reinforced
Slide 12
Skinners Experiments Punishment Negatives of using punishment
Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten Punishment teaches
discrimination did child learn not to curse or just not to curse in
house? Punishment can teach fear Physical punishment may increase
aggression
Slide 13
Punishment tells you what not to do; reinforcement tells you
what to do
Slide 14
Schedules of Reinforcement 1. Continuous Reinforcment reward
after every behavior 2. Schedules of Reinforcment 4 types of
partial schedules
Skinners Experiments Reinforcement Schedules Ratio (2)
dependent on the behavior itself; a certain number of responses are
needed before reinforcement will occur FIXED RATIO reinforce
behavior after set # of responses VARIABLE-RATIO reinforce behavior
after unpredictable # of responsesslot machine Interval (2)
involves a TIME element; time must pass before reinforcement will
occur FIXED INTERVAL reinforce 1 st response after set timeproduces
stop-start behavior (more as reward draws near) VARIABLE-INTERVAL
reinforce 1 st response after varying time intervals
Slide 17
Skinners Experiments Reinforcement Schedules
Slide 18
Slide 19
slot machine
Slide 20
Skinners Experiments Reinforcement Schedules
Slide 21
Reinforcement Schedules Interval: subject must be behaving at
the right time to get reinforcement
Slide 22
Reinforcement Schedules: Practice 1. VR 2. FR 3. VI 4. FI 5. VI
6. VR 7. FI 8. FR 9. VR 10. VI 11. FR 12. FI
Slide 23
1.How would you classically condition a preschool child who is
afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbors friendly dog? Be
sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. 2.Mr.
Bryne cant understand why scolding his 7 th grade students for
disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr.
Brynes predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles.
Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce
disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors.
3.Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. 4. Some
people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of
alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their
desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a
classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to
decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: US
URCSCRExtinction
Slide 24
Sensitivity to Punishment & Reward Questionnaire Are some
of us more sensitive to punishment? Are some of us more sensitive
to reward? Sensitivity to Punishment Assign 1 point for each yes
answer for odd #s 0-24 range Sensitivity to Reward Assign 1 point
for each yes answer for even #s High punish. Score vulnerable to
anxiety. High reward score = impulsivity.