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Unit 6 Review & ContinuationUnit 6 Review & Continuation
• This review will help you remember what you learned about the Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt.
• It will cover the region, the countries, and the major landforms.
• It will also review the major religions, historical & current events.
• If time permits, it will introduce new material.
• This review will help you remember what you learned about the Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt.
• It will cover the region, the countries, and the major landforms.
• It will also review the major religions, historical & current events.
• If time permits, it will introduce new material.
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North/South HemispheresNorthernHemisphereNorthernHemisphere
SouthernHemisphereSouthernHemisphere
EquatorEquator
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East/West Hemispheres
EasternHemisphere
EasternHemisphere
WesternHemisphere
WesternHemisphere
Prime MeridianPrime Meridian
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What region are we studying?What region are we studying?
Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt
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Countries
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TurkeyTurkey
LebanonLebanon
IsraelIsrael
JordanJordan
EgyptEgypt
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
YemenYemenOmanOman United Arab
EmiratesUnited Arab
Emirates
QatarQatar
BahrainBahrain
KuwaitKuwait
IranIran
AfghanistanAfghanistanIraqIraqSyriaSyria
The countries are….
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1415Black SeaBlack Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Dead SeaDead Sea
Nile RiverNile River
Gulf of SuezGulf of Suez
Red SeaRed Sea
Gulf of AdenGulf of Aden Arabian SeaArabian Sea
Gulf of OmanGulf of Oman
Strait of HormuzStrait of Hormuz
Persian GulfPersian Gulf
Shat al ArabShat al Arab
Tigris RiverTigris River
Euphrates RiverEuphrates RiverCaspian SeaCaspian Sea
The waterways are…
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Middle East Map
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Sahara facts:• “Sahara” means “desert”
• 2nd largest desert in the world
• Hottest desert in the world
• Almost same size as continental U.S.
• 25% is covered with sand
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Sahara Map: Satellite
The Sahara
What is an “oasis”?What is a “wadi”?What is “desertification”?Answer these questions…
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Arabian Desert
What mountains?
What desert?Rub al Khali
Zagros Mountains
. .
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The Persian Gulf
What strait is this?
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Strait of Hormuz
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U.A.E.
United Arab Emirates
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Qatar & Bahrain: Satellite
Qatar
Bahrain
. .
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Kuwait
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Sinai: Satellite
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Dead Sea: Satellite
• 2nd Saltiest body of water• 1300’ below sea level• Fed by Jordan River• Part of Great Rift Valley
Jordan River
The Dead Sea
. . . . . .
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Black Sea: Satellite
The Black Sea
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Caspian Sea
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Bosporus Strait Istanbul, Turkey
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Turkey: Satellite
What are these mountains?The Taurus Mountains!!
. . .
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Turkey Snow: Satellite
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Marmara: SatelliteWhat sea?What sea?
What sea?What sea?
Okay…what sea?Okay…what sea?
Aegean SeaAegean Sea
Black SeaBlack Sea
Sea of MarmaraSea of Marmara
Alright…for a “Smartie”:What strait is this?Alright…for a “Smartie”:What strait is this?
Bosporus StraitBosporus Strait
One more chance…What’s this strait?One more chance…What’s this strait?
DardanellesDardanelles
. . . . .
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Mt. Ararat & Little Ararat
Mount Ararat Little Ararat
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Sinai & Near East Satellite
Gulf of Aqaba
Mediterranean Sea
Dead Sea
Suez Canal
Red Sea
Nile RiverGulf of Suez
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Can you name these places….?
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Nile: Satellite
The Nile River….lifeblood of Egypt.
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Blue & White Nile: Map
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Muslim Distribution
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OasesSmall Oasis: 400 yards by 1 mile.
Large Oasis: 12 miles by 50 miles!
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Wadi
Wadi: A dry, riverbed that fills after rain.
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Aral SeaThe
Aral Sea
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Aral Sea (Lake)
The death of a sea…
….once the 4th largest lake in the world in 1957…
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The Aral Sea…why is it dying?
2003
1982
Biological weapons facility.
. . . .
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Dead Sea Salt
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Desertification is…
• Turning productive land into unproductive land.
• Caused by…
• The “Dust Bowl” in the U.S. during the 1930’s• The Aral Sea• Rural China
- Overgrazing of livestock- Excessive cultivation of crops- Poor water management- Overpopulation
• Examples:
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The Dust Bowl
The U.S. Great Plains during the 1930’s…
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Aswan High Dam 3
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Aswan High Dam 2
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Aswan & Egypt Map
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Aswan High Dam: The Good & the Bad
• Hydroelectric power (15% of Egyptian needs)• Prevents floods (floods occurred every year)• Provide water for agriculture
• Reduced water flow = more salt in river
Pros:
Cons:
• Nutrients stopped at the dam– Poor soil along the lower Nile = more
fertilizers = contamination– Poor fishing in the Mediterranean
. . . . . Cairo
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End of Part I
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Ancient Egypt
• One of the great civilizations and one of the 5 “cultural hearths”.
• Recorded history from 5000 BC
• Home of the Great Pyramids & the Sphinx
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Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile
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The Nile
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What were the rulers ofEgypt called?
Pharaohs
Pharaoh is Greek for “great house” which meantthe temple and the ruler inside.
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The Pharaohs:
More than 170 rulers of Egypt for over 3000 years.
Akhenaten: Son of Amenhotep III. Told his people only he would talk to God. Kicked out the priests.
Amenhotep III: Ruled for 39 years (died at age 50).
King Tut: The boy king and son of Akhenaten. Became pharaoh at age 8 or 9. Died at 18 or 19. Married with 2 still-born children.Cleopatra: The last Pharaoh: she was the famous Queen that loved a Roman General: Mark Antony (he killed himself when he heard (falsely) that Cleopatra was dead. Cleopatra then killed herself by a snake bite).
Khufu: (Cheops) Built the biggest pyramid.
Ramses II: The warrior-king. Became pharaoh at age 20 and ruled for 67 years.
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King Tut’s death mask
MEPKing Tut’s coffin….solid gold.
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King Tut wrapped up
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King Tut unwrapped
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King Tut’s chair….covered with gold.Shows a picture of him and his wife.
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Cheops Pyramid 1The Great Pyramid of Cheops
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Cheops 2• Built for Cheops…ruler of Egypt in 2500 B.C. (Ruled for only 23 years)
• 480 feet high
• 6.8 million tons of limestone (2 million blocks)
• Originally flat with white sides!
• Built by skilled workers as part of their “taxes”
• Construction took 80 years
• Each side faces a cardinal direction (North, South, etc.)
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Sphinx & Pyramid 1
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Sphinx & Pyramid 2
Egyptians believed the sphinx guarded the temple gates and the “underworld”.
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Sphinx & Pyramid 3
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AbuSimbel 1
Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel
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Temple of Hathor
Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel
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The Nile
Why was it important to the ancient Egyptians?
Which direction does it flow? …to the north.
1. Earliest gathering place of nomads.
2. Source of fresh water for all their basic needs.
3. Source of “alluvial soil” for their crops.
Trivia: What was a “nilometer”?
A device to measure water flow on the Nile.
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Two Nilometers used in ancient Egypt
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Cairo & Nile 1
The Nile runs through Cairo
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Cairo & Nile 2
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Cairo & Nile 3
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Cairo & hajib
Cairo street withMuslim womanwearing a “hajib”.
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Luxor Avenue
Avenue to temple lined with Ramses II and an obelisk.
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Ramses II
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More Luxor ruins
More ruins at Luxor
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Luxor again
They worshipped snakes!
Egypt
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Colossi at Hemnon
The Collosi of Memnon • Stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple
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Buildings at LuxorRuins at Luxor
hiero
The sun god: Ra
Notice the hieroglypics
These ancient Egyptianhieroglyphics couldn’tbe read prior to the early1800’s!
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…in a pyramid!
There are more than 100 pyramids in Egypt…
….but only a few are famous.
Where did they find King Tut?
Pyramids
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Step Pyramid 1
Step Pyramid 1
The “Step” pyramid wasthe first of all the pyramids.
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What does it remind you of?
The Aztecs:
Temple of the Moon
…In Mexico!!
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Maidum Pyramid 2Maidum Pyramid 2
Pyramids
The Maidum pyramid was the 2nd pyramid built. This picture only shows a portion since the bottom is covered with tons of sand.
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Bent Pyramid 3Bent Pyramid 3
The “Bent” Pyramid was the 3rd pyramid built. Pyramids
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Red Pyramid 4Red Pyramid 4
The 1st “true” pyramid is the “Red” Pyramid.
The pyramid was made of red limestone.
Egyptologists have found the names of the work gangs on some of the stones.
Pyramids
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Giza Pyramids 5
Pyramids
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Hieroglyphics
Spider pig, spider pig, Spider pig, spider pig,
Does whatever a
Spider pig does.
does whatever a
spider pig does.
The following was found on the walls of thetomb of Pharaoh Homeratu, near the
ancient city: Field of the Springs:
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Okay…how did they figure out what all those pictures were?
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The Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone
Written in 196 B.C.
Written in three languages.
Written by the priests to honor the pharaoh and toproclaim all the good things he had done
Found in 1799 by theFrench while building afort.
Translated, primarily, bya French scholar thatcould read Greek & Coptic
Now it can be seen in theBritish museum.
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Rosetta Stone 2
Hieroglypics (Language of the religion)
Demotic(Common language)
Greek(Language of the Rulers)
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How to read hieroglyphics:
• Hieroglyphics are pictures that equal sounds. • It is phonetic…no unnecessary letters!• It uses almost NO vowels. • Combine pictures to make words.
• Water = W T R = W T R
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Now it’s your turn!
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