Page 1 of 1 Unit 7 Objectives.docx

Unit 7 Organic Chem

At the end of this unit, you’ll be able to…

� Identify organic compounds versus inorganic compounds based on structure, name, or

characteristics of an unknown compound

� Recognize the characteristics of organic compounds

� Differentiate between aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, and unsaturated compounds

� Name organic compounds based on IUPAC rules, with the help of table P and Q

� Draw organic compounds from a IUPAC name

� Distinguish between alkynes, alkenes, and alkanes

� Name and identify isomers

� Identify various functional groups of organic compounds using Table R:

o Halide (halocarbon)

o Alcohol

o Ether

o Aldehyde

o Ketone

o Organic Acid

o Ester

o Amine

o Amide

� Categorize various organic reactions properly including addition, substitution,

� polymerization, esterification, fermentation, saponification, and combustion.

7-1

Unit 7 Organic Chem

Term Definition

Addition rxna halogen atom (or atoms) replaces a double or triple bond within

an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Alcohol

an organic molecule that contains at least one –OH (hydroxyl)

group attached to the carbon chain. Ex: CH3OH (methanol),

CH3CH2OH (ethanol)

Aldehyde

an organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to a

primary/terminal carbon. Ex: HCHO (methanal), CH3CHO

(ethanal)

Alkanea saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon containing all single

bonds; a hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds

Alkene an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond

Alkyne an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one triple bond

Amide

an organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to a

nitrogen within the carbon chain. Ex: HCONH2 (methanamide),

CH3CONH2 (ethanamide)

Amine

an organic molecule that contains a nitrogen which is attached to

only carbon or hydrogen. Ex: CH3NH2 (methylamine),

CH3NHCH3 (dimethylamine)

Amino acid

an organic molecule that contains one carboxyl group bonded to a

primary/terminal carbon and at least one amine group bonded to

either a primary or secondary carbon.Condensation

polymerization

a chemical reaction that involves linking two molecules together by

eliminating a molecule of water

Dehydration synthesis (see condensation polymerization)

Esteran organic molecule containing a carboxyl group attached to a

secondary/interior carbon

Esterification

a dehydration synthesis reaction that joins an organic acid and

alcohol; a reaction that involves the removal of water to join an

organic acid and an alcohol

Etheran organic compound consisting of two hydrocarbon chains joined

together by a single oxygen atom

Fermentation

a chemical reaction that involves breaking down glucose (sugar) in

the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and

water

Functional groupa substructure that determines the chemical properties of a

molecule (Ex: carboxylic acid group)

Halide (halocarbon)an organic molecule containing one or more halogens (F, Cl,Br, I,

At)

Hydrocarbon an organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen

Isomermolecules that have the same molecular formula and different

structural formulas

Ketonean organic molecule with a carbonyl group attached to a

secondary/interior carbon

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7-2

Unit 7 Organic Chem

Term Definition

Monomer a single molecule or subunit

Organic acid/Carboxylic

acid

an organic molecule containing a carboxyl group bonded to a

primary/terminal carbon

Organic chemistry the study of molecules containing carbon AND hydrogen

Polymer two or more monomers/molecules/subunits chemically combined

Polymerizationthe joining together of monomer units by addition reactions or

dehydration synthesis to form polymers

Primarypositional description referring to a carbon at the end of a

hydrocarbon chain; terminal

Saponificationthe process of making soap from the hydrolysis of an ester by a

strong base (glycerol is also a byproduct)

Saturated hydrocarbonan alkane; a hydrocarbon containing all single bonds; a

hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds

Secondarypositional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded

to exactly two other carbons

Substitution rxnhalogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms on an alkane/saturated

hydrocarbon

Tertiarypositional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded

to exactly three other carbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbonalkene or alkyne; an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least

one double and/or triple bond

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Page 1 of 2 7.1 W-1 Organic Chem.docx

Intro to Organic Chem

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Page 2 of 2 7.1 W-1 Organic Chem.docx

7-5

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Page 1 of 3 7.2 W-1 Hydrocarbon Review.docx

Hydrocarbon Review

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Page 2 of 3 7.2 W-1 Hydrocarbon Review.docx

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Page 3 of 3 7.2 W-1 Hydrocarbon Review.docx

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Page 1 of 4 7.3 W-1 Naming Hydrocarbions.docx

Naming Hydrocarbons

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Page 2 of 4 7.3 W-1 Naming Hydrocarbions.docx

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Page 4 of 4 7.3 W-1 Naming Hydrocarbions.docx

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Page 1 of 2 7.4 w-1 Isomers.docx

Isomers

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Page 2 of 2 7.4 w-1 Isomers.docx

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Page 1 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Functional Groups Halides

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Page 2 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Alcohols

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Page 3 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Ethers and Aldehydes

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Page 4 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Ketones and Organic Acids

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Page 5 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Esters and Amines

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Page 6 of 6 7.5 W-1 Functional Groups.docx

Amides and Amino Acids

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Page 1 of 2 7.5 W-2 Functional Group Practice.docx

Functional Group Practice

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Page 2 of 2 7.5 W-2 Functional Group Practice.docx

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Page 1 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx

Organic Reactions

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Page 2 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx

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Page 3 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx

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Page 4 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx

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Page 5 of 5 7.6 W-1 Organic Reactions.docx

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