UNIT 7CHAPTER 26 – THE COLD WARCHAPTER 29 – THE KENNEDY & JOHNSON YEARS

THE COLD WAR

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

• George Washington; Federalist (1788)• John Adams; Federalist (1796)• Thomas Jefferson (1800)• James Madison (1808)• James Monroe (1816)• John Quincy Adams (1824)• Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)• Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)• William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)• John Tyler; Whig (1841)• James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)• Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)• Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)• Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)• James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)• Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)• Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)• Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)• Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)• James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945)Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952)John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960)Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)

America: Pathways to the PresentAmerica: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: Origins of the Cold War

Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up

Section 3: The Korean War

Section 4: The Continuing Cold War

Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960)

OBJECTIVES•CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the

Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold War.

• Objective 10.3: Explain the Causes and effects of the Korean War.

• Objective 10.4: Describe characteristics of the McCarthy Era.

• Objective 10.5: Describe the domestic programs pursued by President Kennedy.

• Objective 10.6: Describe the foreign policy Cold War crises that occurred during Kennedy’s presidency.

• Objective 10.7: Explain the goals and effects of President Johnson’s domestic programs.

CHAPTER 26 SECTION 3 –

THE KOREAN WARPresident Roosevelt sought to end the Great

Depression through the federal programs of the New Deal.

COMMUNIST EXPANSION IN ASIA

The Chinese Civil War• Civil war began in the mid-

1920s and intensified after World War II.• Mao Zedong won support for

the Communists by redistributing land and offering schooling and healthcare.

• Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party lost support because of harsh treatment of the population, high taxes, and corruption.

• When the Communists took power in 1949, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan.

The Division of Korea• World War II ended before a

plan could be made for Korean independence from Japan.

• Korea was temporarily divided at the thirty-eighth parallel, the latitude line running through approximately the midpoint of the peninsula.

• A pro-American government formed in South Korea, while a Communist government formed in North Korea.

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THE KOREAN CONFLICT• In June 1950, the Korean War broke out when North Korean

troops invaded South Korea, aiming to reunite the nation by force.

• A UN resolution, which passed because the Soviets were not there to veto it, called on member states to defend South Korea and restore peace. • Roughly 80 percent of the troops who served in the resulting UN

police action were American.

• By attacking North Korean supply lines, General Douglas MacArthur was able to gain an advantage and push north. • However, a stalemate developed after China helped the North

Koreans push the UN forces back into South Korea.

• A truce signed in 1953 left Korea again divided near the thirty eighth parallel.

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GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR

• was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s • played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. • He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the 

Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr., the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the U.S. Army, and the only man ever to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army.

MacArthur was valedictorian at the West Texas Military Academy, and First Captain at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the class of 1903In the fighting on the Western Front during World War I, he rose to the rank of brigadier general, was again nominated for a Medal of Honor, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times.was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. As such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D.C. in 1932. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. After more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines. He officially accepted Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945, and oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. As the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951. He later became Chairman of the Board of Remington Rand.

THE EFFECTS OF THE KOREAN WAR

Post-Korean War Changes in America• Warfare — Limited war, limited victory

• Integration of the Military — First war in which white Americans and African Americans served in the same units

• Increased Power of the Military — A military-industrial complex developed as the military established links with the corporate and scientific communities.

• Foreign Policy in Asia — September 1951 peace treaty signed with Japan; relations worsen with Communist China WRITE

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TRUMAN• Harry Truman retires in 1952 and Republican war hero

Dwight Eisenhower wins the 1952 election

Truman in Review:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYmpHyG6blM

• Eisenhower Highlights:• From Abilene, KS• WWII hero, 5 star general, D-Day Commander• Nixon was his VP• Ended war in Korea• Enforced desegregation in Little Rock• Early 1950’s economic prosperity• Hawaii & Alaska statehood• NASA is created during his administration

THE KOREAN WAR—ASSESSMENT

What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.

Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?(A) To support South Korea and restore peace(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (C) To help China defend its border(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea

THE KOREAN WAR—ASSESSMENT

What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and

South.(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.

Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?(A) To support South Korea and restore peace(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (C) To help China defend its border(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea