Unit 7 Seminar - Thought Unit 7 Seminar - Thought Patterns: Cause/Effect, Patterns: Cause/Effect,

Generalization/Example, Generalization/Example,

DefinitionDefinition

~Dr. Lavine~Dr. Lavine

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Understanding the structure of cause and Understanding the structure of cause and effect relationships is essential in our effect relationships is essential in our everyday lives everyday lives

The definition pattern is used to introduce The definition pattern is used to introduce vocabulary or explain a topic vocabulary or explain a topic

Unit OutcomesUnit Outcomes

Identify Cause/Effect, Identify Cause/Effect, Generalization/Example, and Definition Generalization/Example, and Definition Patterns Patterns

Apply graphic organizers to a reading Apply graphic organizers to a reading passage to identify the main idea and passage to identify the main idea and supporting detailssupporting details

To-Do ListTo-Do List

Respond to Discussion Board QuestionRespond to Discussion Board Question30 points30 points                    

Attend synchronous seminar or submit Attend synchronous seminar or submit seminar option 2 assignmentseminar option 2 assignment5 points5 points              

Take Diagnostic Skills TestTake Diagnostic Skills Test50 points50 points

ReadingReading

Reading 1 Reading 1 Read pages 306–324 in Chapter 7 of your text, Read pages 306–324 in Chapter 7 of your text,

The Effective Reader. The Effective Reader.

   Reading 2 Reading 2 Learning about the Cause and Effect Thought Learning about the Cause and Effect Thought

Pattern Pattern

   

Discussion Unit 7Discussion Unit 7

1. Provide your cause and effect sentences. Feel free to 1. Provide your cause and effect sentences. Feel free to create a chain of effects. create a chain of effects.

2. If your cause/effect was positive, how could it have 2. If your cause/effect was positive, how could it have been negative? If your cause/effect was negative, how been negative? If your cause/effect was negative, how could it have been positive? could it have been positive?

Last names beginning with: A, B, C, D, ELast names beginning with: A, B, C, D, ECause: It was 102 degrees outside.Cause: It was 102 degrees outside.Effect:_______________________Effect:_______________________

Last names beginning with: F, G, H, I, J,Last names beginning with: F, G, H, I, J, Cause: I packed a delicious lunch for work.Cause: I packed a delicious lunch for work.Effect:_______________________Effect:_______________________

DiscussionDiscussion Last names beginning with: K, L, M, N, OLast names beginning with: K, L, M, N, O

Cause: I woke up two hours early this morning.Cause: I woke up two hours early this morning.Effect:_______________________Effect:_______________________

Last names beginning with: P, Q, R, S, TLast names beginning with: P, Q, R, S, TCause:______________________Cause:______________________Effect: I was sick all weekend long.Effect: I was sick all weekend long.

Last names beginning with: U, V, W, X, Y, ZLast names beginning with: U, V, W, X, Y, ZCause:______________________Cause:______________________Effect: I got fired from work.Effect: I got fired from work.

Cause-and-EffectCause-and-Effect A A cause cause states why something happens. states why something happens. An An effecteffect states a result or outcome. states a result or outcome.• ““BecauseBecause Selena memorized the algebra formulas and Selena memorized the algebra formulas and

practiced using them, she did well on the test.”practiced using them, she did well on the test.”• ““Due toDue to the amount of snow on the streets and the amount of snow on the streets and

highways, schools and businesses have shut down.”highways, schools and businesses have shut down.”

Cause-and-Effect WordsCause-and-Effect Words

BecauseBecause ConsequentlyConsequently AccordinglyAccordingly Because ofBecause of Leads toLeads to Results inResults in As a resultAs a result

Due toDue to If-thenIf-then SinceSince SoSo ThereforeTherefore ThusThus

Some Verbs Frequently Some Verbs Frequently Used in Cause/EffectUsed in Cause/Effect

AffectAffect BeginBegin Bring aboutBring about CauseCause ChangeChange CreateCreate FosterFoster GenerateGenerate

Tips for Taking Notes Tips for Taking Notes on Cause/Effecton Cause/Effect

Notes should include:Notes should include:

1. The general cause and effect relationship 1. The general cause and effect relationship described by the topic sentence.described by the topic sentence.

2. The specific causes and/or effects mentioned 2. The specific causes and/or effects mentioned in the paragraph.in the paragraph.

Cause/Effect ChartCause/Effect Chart

Effect Effect

Effect

Cause

EffectEffect

Read this Passage…Read this Passage…There are at least two different reasons why people There are at least two different reasons why people decide to join groups. In some cases, the group offers decide to join groups. In some cases, the group offers a chance to fulfill civic or religious obligations we a chance to fulfill civic or religious obligations we consider valuable. Thus, a person concerned about consider valuable. Thus, a person concerned about the plight of the homeless may decide to participate the plight of the homeless may decide to participate in a local soup kitchen. Then, too, we may also join a in a local soup kitchen. Then, too, we may also join a group because we care more about the group’s group because we care more about the group’s member than their goals. For example, someone may member than their goals. For example, someone may join a bowling group to socialize with friend rather join a bowling group to socialize with friend rather than to win a bowling tournament.than to win a bowling tournament.

What is the Main Idea?What is the Main Idea?

Effect Effect

Effect

Cause

EffectEffect

Main Idea (cause):Main Idea (cause): People join groups for two reasons. People join groups for two reasons.

Groups include people we like.

Group provide people with fulfillment.

People join groups.

Please Read….Please Read….The causes for the dinosaurs’ extinction The causes for the dinosaurs’ extinction remain one of science’s great mysteries. Only remain one of science’s great mysteries. Only one theory seems truly sound. According to one theory seems truly sound. According to this theory, dinosaurs became extinct because this theory, dinosaurs became extinct because a comet or asteroid crashed into Earth, a comet or asteroid crashed into Earth, producing huge quantities of dust, which producing huge quantities of dust, which blocked out sunlight for many months. This blocked out sunlight for many months. This killed vegetation and caused temperatures to killed vegetation and caused temperatures to drop sharply. Dinosaurs were then subject to drop sharply. Dinosaurs were then subject to two forces of destruction – freezing and two forces of destruction – freezing and starvation.starvation.

Cause/Effect ChartCause/Effect Chart

Effect Effect

Effect

Cause

EffectEffect

Main Idea:Main Idea: One theory as to why dinos are One theory as to why dinos are extinct seems to be very sound. extinct seems to be very sound.

Dinos starved

Comet hit earth

Dinosaurs are extinct from an asteroidFalling to earth,

Dust blanket - No light

More people in more cities could read.

Generalization-and-Example Generalization-and-Example PatternPattern

In this pattern, the author makes a general In this pattern, the author makes a general statement and then offers an example or a statement and then offers an example or a series of examples to clarify the series of examples to clarify the generalization. generalization.

““As technology evolves, it saves time; As technology evolves, it saves time; for examplefor example,, broadband Internet access cuts down on the time broadband Internet access cuts down on the time needed to access information on the World Wide needed to access information on the World Wide Web.”Web.”

Words that Introduce ExamplesWords that Introduce Examples

an illustrationan illustration for examplefor example for instancefor instance includingincluding

onceonce such assuch as to illustrateto illustrate typicallytypically

Definition Pattern in TextbooksDefinition Pattern in Textbooks

Often a textbook will define new words and Often a textbook will define new words and special terms and then give examples.special terms and then give examples.

The pattern is often:The pattern is often: Term and DefinitionTerm and Definition

ExampleExample ExampleExample

Definition PatternDefinition Pattern Definition signal words:Definition signal words:

IsIs AreAre MeansMeans

““Emblems Emblems areare body body gestures that directly gestures that directly translate into words or translate into words or phrases.”phrases.”

Example signal words:Example signal words: For exampleFor example Such asSuch as

““For exampleFor example,, a person a person may give up a high-may give up a high-paying job in the city paying job in the city to take a lower-paying to take a lower-paying job in a small town.”job in a small town.”

Which pattern is it?Which pattern is it?

““When stock prices fully reflect information that is When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”information, the stock market is inefficient.”

__cause-and-effect__cause-and-effect

__comparison-and-contrast__comparison-and-contrast

__definition-and-example__definition-and-example

Which pattern is it?Which pattern is it?

““When stock prices fully reflect information that is When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”information, the stock market is inefficient.”

__cause-and-effect__cause-and-effect

X comparison-and-contrastX comparison-and-contrast

__definition-and-example__definition-and-example

Let’s Write Let’s Write

1. I will choose a line to begin a story!1. I will choose a line to begin a story!

2. I will ask students, in order of the seminar roster, to 2. I will ask students, in order of the seminar roster, to write a sentence that demonstrates an effect to write a sentence that demonstrates an effect to follow this story starter. follow this story starter.

We will subsequently go back and forth with the story We will subsequently go back and forth with the story between cause and effect. Be sure to pause upon my between cause and effect. Be sure to pause upon my cue to discuss the cause and effect relationship. cue to discuss the cause and effect relationship.

Let’s Write Let’s Write

Madison went to the turkey farm.Madison went to the turkey farm.