Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Pasteurellosis• Affects cattle, sheep, swine

• Cause• Various Pasteurella spcs.

• Responsible for shipping fever, pneumonia, etc.

• Livestock can become extremely sick and septic

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex• Involves bacteria, environmental, and viral

factors

• Can affect upper and/or lower respiratory tract

• Cause• Often seen after significant period of stress

• Weaning, commingling, shipping, parturition, etc.

• Morbidity can be >50%, mortality >10%

• Can be caused by one agent, or several in combination

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Causative agents

• IBR

• Fever

• Interferes w/ antibody function

• BVD

• immunosuppression

• BRSV

• Colonization of lung tissue

• immunosuppression

• PI3

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Pasteurella spcs. & Haemophilus spcs.

• Clinical Signs

• 5-10d

• Usual morbidity outbreak ~20%

• May be closer to 40% if body temps are monitored

• Mortality may be 5% through the outbreak

• Temp of 104° or higher

• Eye and nasal discharge

• Increased respiration rate and distress

• Can have permanent damage to respiratory mucosa

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Prevention• Reduce stress

• Don’t multiply stressful operations

• Increase immunity

• Vaccinate before stress period

• Factors to consider

• Animal age

• Younger animals may not respond to vaccinations as well due to colostrum immunity

• Nutritional status

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• May use live or killed vaccines, depending on situation

• Treatment• May mass treat group w/ antibiotics before clinical

signs

• Penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, etc.

• Many are IM, or SQ

• May add a fever reducer

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

PI3

• Cause• Viral infection of the respiratory tract

• Spread by airborne transmission, or contact w/ infected animals, contaminated feed/water, equipment, shoes, clothes

• Usually appears shortly after stress

• Clinical signs• Gaunt

• Depressed

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Snotty nose

• Cough

• Temp 104-106

• Prevention• Vaccination

• Both for this and IBR

• Provides cross immunity to other respiratory problems

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)• Acute viral infection of respiratory and

reproductive tract

• Cause• Herpes related virus

• Can be found in respiratory, reproductive, eye, brain areas

• Also in aborted fetus of infected dams

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Spread by:

• Contact w/ infected animals

• Air

• Contaminated equipment, carriers, etc.

• Incubation time ~20d

• Clinical Signs• Respiratory Form

• Incubation 2-14d

• Gaunt, depression, high fever, snotty nose

• White, stringy nasal discharge

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Course of disease is about 5 - 7d

• Severe drop in milk production

• Reproductive Tract

• Known as IPV

• Pustules that will become ulcerated within the vagina, or on male reproductive tract

• Abortion & Neonatal Disease

• Abortion 3-5 wks after infection of IBR

• Abortion rate may be 25%

• >5.5 mos pg may be >60%

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Prevention• Vaccination

• Same basic program as PI3

Tuberculosis• Chronic infectious disease

• Can affect, cattle, swine, & humans

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Cause• 3 types are infectious

• All Mycobacterium spcs

• Spread by air, contaminated feed/water

• Clinical Signs• Spread is rare, but rapid

• May be expressed in the respiratory or mammary gland

• Swine usually slaughtered before disease can manifest

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Prevention• No recommended vaccine

• Test positive animals are slaughtered

• Treatment• No treatment options

Strangles• Bacterial disease

• Inhibits breathing by lymph node swelling, nasal discharges

• Affects horses

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Cause• Contagious disease of upper respiratory tract

• Spreads by contact w/ infected horses and/or environmental contamination

• Young horses most susceptible (<5 yrs old)

• Most common in training or boarding stables where many horses come and go

• Clinical Signs• High fever 104-106

• Watery to yellow nasal discharge

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Swelling of lymph nodes under jaw & throat

• May abscess and drain in 7-14d

• Prevention• Quarantine of new animals 4-6 wks

• Vaccination

• Recovered horses can still shed

• Treatment• Isolation

• Soft, palatable feed to keep up energy

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Antibiotics

• Flushing/draining of abscesses

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex• Experienced by virtually every swine producer

• Viral, bacterial, parasitic, causes

• Included pathogens (12 known)• Pseudorabies

• Haemophilus

• Swine Influenza virus

• Mycoplasma

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Clinical Signs• Detection is difficult

• Eye, ear, nasal discharge, sneezing

• Cough, increased respiration rate

• Loss of appetite

• Increased cull rate

• Contributing Factors• Environmental and management factors can

influence

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• All-in/all-out has helped to decrease

• Thermal• Maintain proper temp zone, not too hot or cold

• Gases• Excess ammonia concentration allows for deep

penetration of inhaled particles into the lungs

• Moisture• Avoid excessive moisture

• Particles• Feed dust and animal dander is a common disease

carrier

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

• Microorganisms

• Minimize incubation and multiplication of disease-causing pathogens

• Cause effectively decrease rates of gain

• Increases other disease susceptibility