Unit 8: The New South

SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

Warm-up: CRCT Review1. According to the Charter of 1732, Georgia’s was

created for which 3 purposes?2. Who owed a trading post store and served as the

translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Chief Tomochichi?

3. Which crop were the colonists of Georgia expected to grow in order to feed silkworms?

4. Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony?

5. Who was the first royal governor of Georgia?

Section 1: Bourbon Democrats and Independents

• Essential Question–How did the Bourbon Democrats

control Georgia politics during this period?

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The New South Movement• Time period from 1877-1919• The New South Movement required 3 changes: 1. Expand industries (factories/businesses)2. Rely less on cash crops (cotton)3. Grow more food crops • Diversification = adding more industry + more

crops. Making money on more than just cotton.

The New South Movement• Few Southerners had enough money to start new

industries. • However, Northern banks and businessmen did have

money to invest in the South.• The South had great potential = Abundant natural

resources and raw materials (timber, coal, iron ore, & cotton) + Cheap labor + a good year-round climate.

The New South Movement• Georgians who opposed the New South

movement did not want:1. Larger cities2. Capitalism3. Mass production4. Anything to do with modernizing the South• They wanted to keep Georgia rural and

agricultural.

Henry Gradyhttp://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/henry_grady

• Known as the “Voice of the New South”• Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper• Grady traveled the USA informing people of

the New South: Industry, diversified farming, and better treatment of African Americans.

• He was able to attract new businesses, jobs, and investments to the state of Georgia from 1880-1889.

Henry Grady• Did you know the

following places were named in honor of Henry Grady?

1. Grady county was created in 1905.

2. Grady Hospital was opened on June 1, 1892

The First FiveMarch 14, 2014

Agenda Message: Use your class notes to answer the following homework questions… Due Tuesday, March 18th1. What was so new about the New South?2. What attracted Northern investors and businessmen to

the South?3. Why did some people not accept the idea of a New

South?4. Why did some Georgians want to keep Georgia rural

and keep its economy agricultural?STOP

Unit 8: The New South

SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

MONDAY, MARCH 17TH

The First Five March 17, 2014

Agenda Message: What are three present day businesses that were established in the 1800s?YOU MAY USE YOUR TECHNOLOGY (PHONE)

• Think about businesses that you see in your community or businesses that advertise on television, in magazines or newspapers, and or on the Internet.Western Union Wells Fargo Bank Kellogg Company Tiffany & Company

Levi Strauss & Company

R.H. Macy’s Department

Stores

Hershey Company

Kroger Grocer

Coca-Cola Sears, Roebuck, & Company

Kodak Barnes & Noble Bookstore

Warm-up: CRCT Review• List and explain the 4 Prehistoric Indian Periods

in chronological order.• Explain the meaning of God, Gold, & Glory.• Who is known as the “Founding Father” of

Georgia?• What is the highest mountain peak in Georgia?

Alonzo Herndonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alMl2Nj7Abw

• From 1883 to 1927, he was the wealthiest African American in the USA

• Owned the Crystal Palace Barbershop on Peachtree Street in Atlanta

• Created & owned the Atlanta Life Insurance Company-still opened today in 17 states

Bourbon Democrats and Independents

• The Democrats controlled Georgia by the end of Reconstruction in 1877.

• Politicians tried to control the African American vote with intimidation.

• These politicians wanted whites to support the Democratic Party and remain united. They did not want southern whites to lose their political and economic power.

• In the 1890s, the Populists called on white and black farmers to challenge the Democratic Party power structure.

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Bourbon Triumvirate• Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John B. Gordon were all past governors of

Georgia.• Their opponents called them “Bourbons,” a term that referred to a royal French

family that never learned from the past, but also never forgot the past.• They were called the Bourbon Triumvirate.These 3 leaders wanted:1. Stronger relationships with industries in the North to expand Georgia’s economy2. White supremacy (the belief that the white is superior to other racial groups)3. The Bourbon Triumvirate controlled Georgia. They supported “Lost Cause” ideas

(maintaining white supremacy and pre-Civil War states’ rights), but also supported business, the railroads, and other “New South” issues.

Bourbon TriumvirateJoseph E. Brown

1857-1865Alfred Colquitt

1876-1882John B. Gordon1886-1890

County Unit System• The Democratic Party dominated the state of

Georgia.• The Georgia Constitution of 1877 created the

county unit system.• Rural counties with small populations controlled

the outcomes of Georgia elections; thus people were elected to office without the majority of the state’s vote.

• This system ended in 1963, because it was unconstitutional.

3-2-1 Response • What were 3 changes that were necessary for

the New South Movement to take place?• What were the 2 changes that Henry Grady

traveled the USA encouraging southerners to do in the 1880s?

• What is 1 thing that was named in honor of Henry Grady in Georgia?

Unit 8: The New South

SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

Tuesday, MARCH 18TH

The First FiveMarch 13, 2014

Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on Monday, 3/17/14Today’s Warm-up: Read pp. 106-109 and answer #1-4 on p. 109, in the Georgia CRCT Coach workbook.

The First FiveMarch 18, 2014

Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on 04/04/14

Warm-up: CRCT Review• List and explain each of the five geographic

regions of Georgia.

Tom Watson & the Populists• Small farmers, sharecroppers, blacks, and poor whites

wanted a political party that would fight for their rights.• The Populist Party was created to cater to their needs.

This political party was known as “the people’s party.”• Tom Watson was the leader of the Populist Party.• While serving in the U.S. House of Representatives, he

was able to get the Rural Free Delivery (RFD) bill passed into law.

• The RFD law requires the post office to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge.

Tom Watson & the Populists

• Tom Watson & the Populist Party threaten the Democratic Party’s control in Georgia.

• Therefore, the Democrats were pleased when he lost several elections from 1892-1919.

• In 1920, Tom Watson was elected to the U.S. Senate, because he had changed his views and no longer supported the rights of blacks, Catholics, and Jews. stop

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/thomas_watson

The First FiveMarch 18, 2014

CRCT Review 1. Which statement BEST explains why the term Bourbon

Triumvirate was most appropriate for Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon?

A. They shared a strong belief in white supremacy.B. They ruled Georgia consecutively for a period of over 30

years as governors.C. They were political rulers drawn together by power and

political goals.D. They were known for excessive business practices and high

profit motives.

The First FiveMarch 18, 2014

CRCT Review Question2. Political leaders who dominated Georgia after Reconstruction, supported new industry and white supremacy were called what?A. Radical Republicans B. PopulistsC. Bourbon Triumvirate D. Alliance Democrats

CRCT Review In 1895, Atlanta was host to 800,000 visitors during the 3 month-long Cotton States and International Exposition. This exhibition was a way to:•Showcase the economic recovery of the South.•Highlight the region’s natural resources.•Lure northern investors. At the 6,000 exhibits of the exposition, visitors saw new machinery and learned how cotton was made into marketable products.

3. The main purpose of the International Cotton Exposition that was held in Atlanta was to…?

A. Showcase the industries of the New South.

B. Get ideas from foreign countries.

C. Showcase the cotton gin.

D. Bring visitors to Atlanta

STOP 3

Summarizer: Newspaper Headline

• You will create a newspaper headline that could have been written during the New South Era.

• The headline will capture the main idea of the New South, and it will serve as the title of your essay.

Unit 8: The New South

SS8H87: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

The First FiveMarch 19, 2014

Agenda Message: Study for Unit 8 CDA on Monday, 04/04/14Today’s Warm-up: Read pp. 110-111 and answer #1-4 on p. 113, in the Georgia CRCT Coach workbook.

The First FiveMarch 19, 2014

Agenda Message: CDA April 4th, 2014

Today’s Warm-up: Which piece of legislation allowed less populated counties in Georgia to have greater power in the General Assembly as the more populated counties? It ended in 1963 because it was unconstitutional.

Segregation & Discrimination

• Southern whites (Democratic Party from 1880s-1910s) wanted to keep African Americans from having political rights.

• People feared African Americans would rule Georgia politics and gain social equality.

• Different strategies were used to disenfranchise or deprive black men of their right to vote.

Disenfranchisement

• By 1908, Georgia used ways to prevent African American men from voting:

1. Poll Tax = fee paid before a person could vote.2. Literacy Test = test to see if people could read and

understand the Constitution.3. Grandfather Clause = a new law that said a man could

vote if a man’s father or grandfather could have voted in a Georgia election before 1867.

4. White Primary = elections only white men could vote in.

Jim Crow Laws

• Southern states passed Jim Crow Laws to separate the races.

• It segregated public places (restaurants, trains, water fountains, schools, hospitals, theaters, pools, etc.).

• In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson that separate but equal facilities were not unconstitutional.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

• http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=plessy+v+ferguson

• Jot down at least 7 to 10 facts from the two videos on your own paper

Black Leadershipin the New South

Booker T. Washington• Encouraged African

Americans to learn trade skills.

• Skills = job = Economic Strength

• Created Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

W.E.B DuBois• Disagreed with Booker T.

Washington• Believed African Americans

deserved equal access to political, social, & economic worlds of the South.

• Education = Success; Talented Tenth

• Atlanta University Professor

CRCT PRACTICE

1. The framers of the Constitution built the idea of “separation of powers” into the Constitution. What does that mean?a. A way to ensure that the three

branches worked together fairly.b. All citizens must obey the law.c. Basic government roles are

divided into branches; no one branch is given all of the power.

d. People exercise their power by voting for their political representatives

2. Why did the U. S. government want to move the Cherokee from their land?

a. To end Cherokee was warfareb. To take their land for settlers

to farm.c. To end Cherokee warfare and

to take their land for settlers to farm.

d. They didn’t. They agreed to share the land with the Cherokee.

CRCT PRACTICE

3. Who was credited with taking the first steps toward helping the Cherokee to read?

A. Elias BoudinotB. SequoyahC. John RossD. Alexander McGullvery

• 4. Parliament imposed a Stamp Act on the colonists in 1765. What was the purpose of the Act?

a. It reduced the tax on Dutch and French molasses.

b. It imposed a tax on all goods imported to the colonies.

c. It allowed news to pass form town to town.

d. It required that all legal and commercial documents carried a stamp that showed that the tax had been paid.

Lugenia Burns Hope

• Created different community programs in Atlanta to improve the living conditions of African Americans.

• Married John Hope, who was the President of Morehouse College in 1906.

Rebecca Latimer Felton• She was the 1st woman to serve in

the U.S. Senate.• She campaigned for the following

causes:1. Anti-lynching2. Prohibition (banning of alcohol)3. Suffrage (women’s right to vote)4. Anti-smoking5. Anti-drinking of Coca-Cola6. Child care7. Compulsory school attendance8. Admission of women to UGA

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/rebecca_latimer_felton

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906• In September 1906, both The Atlanta Journal &

The Atlanta Constitution newspapers reported several attacks on white women.

• These reports set off a race riot.• Angry white mobs of men went to African

American neighborhoods in Atlanta, attacking people, destroying homes, and burning down black owned businesses.

• There were reports that 15-30 African Americans were killed.

Leo Frank Case

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYNeAJPMX58

• Who do you think murdered Mary Phagen?

Ticket out the Door: 5Ws • Who was Tom Watson? • Where was he from? • What did he do during the Populist Movement? • When did he become a U.S. Senator? • Why did he no longer want blacks to vote for

him?

• STOP 4