Unit 8

The novel Dracula (1897) by the British writer Bram Stoker tells the story of the Transylvanian vampire Count Dracula, who became one of the most popular subjects of horror films.

Bram Stoker’s Dracula, motion picture about the vampire Dracula, based on a novel by Bram Stoker. Released in 1992, the film won Academy Awards for makeup, sound effects, and costume design.

SCENAREO OF FILM

After he returns from the Crusades and finds his wife dead, Count Vlad Dracula becomes a vampire and resolves to spend eternity waiting for her return.

When young English lawyer Jonathan Harker visits Dracula’s town in Transylvannia sever

al centuries later, Dracula sees a picture of the lawyer’s fiancé Mina and believes she is a reincarnation of his dead wife.

Dracula charms and terrorizes Harker, Mina, and their friends.

Vampire

Vampire, in folklore, a corpse that rises from the grave during the night, often in the form of a bat, and, for nourishment, sucks the blood of sleeping humans. Belief in vampires originated in ancient times and was especially widespread among the Slavs.

Various talismans( 护身符 )and herbs supposedly avert vampires, but, according to tradition, they can be destroyed only by cremation or by stakes driven through their hearts.

Environment

surroundings, setting, situation,atmosphere, milieu, environs,

beliefBuddhism IslamChristianityJudaismTaoismConfucianism --- Confucius(you should be loyal

to your family, friends, and rulers and treat others as you would like to be treated.)

HinduismCultism

conflict

InflictAfflict

regardless ofThe law requires equal

treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.

You get a lot of criticism, but you just have to carry on regardless.

Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism, an American conservative movement among Protestants ， which was rooted in revivalism and insisted on the inerrancy of the Bible movement

began in the late 19th century

absolutely basic to Christianity the following beliefs:

1. the infallibility of the Bible,2. the virgin birth and the divinity of Jesus

Christ, 3. the sacrifice of Christ on the cross as

atonement for the sins of all people, 4. the physical resurrection 5. second coming of Christ,6. the bodily resurrection of believers.

Combatant MilitantMutant

Pollutant

Duct

DuctAqueduct ProductSeduceSeductionInduceDeductDeduce

consequence

Your opinion is of little consequence to me.

a consequential decisionredundancy and the consequential

loss of earnings

Cancer tumor

BenignMalignant

Man-centered

Self-centeredEgo-centeredStudent-centered

Humanism advocated since Renaissance

worship

In aweAwesomePay\do homage to

current

ACDC (alternating current and direct current)LesbianGayQueenHomosexualHeterosexual

excess

AccessRecessProcess

conserve

ConservatoryConservatoireWater conservancySoil conservation

deny

Boycott

Bind and bound

a yard bounded by a wooden fence The US is bounded in the north by

Canada and in the south by Mexico.

lesser

1) the lesser of two evilsalso the lesser evil the less unpleasant or harmful of

two unpleasant choices2) This was true in Madrid, and to a

lesser extent, Valencia and Seville.

1.Population Growth2.Global Warming3.Depletion of the Ozone Layer 4.Air Pollution5.Water Pollution6.Groundwater Depletion7.Habitat Destruction and Species Extinction8.Chemical Risks9.Energy Production

Gaia hypothesis

In the 1970s the British scientist James Lovelock formulated the Gaia hypothesis, which has attracted many followers. According to this theory, named after the Greek goddess of the earth, the planet behaves like a single living organism. Lovelock postulated that the earth, like many organisms, can regulate its temperature, dispose of its wastes, and fight off disease. Although the Gaia hypothesis serves as a convenient metaphor for the interconnections among living beings, it does not have any particular scientific merit.

1.Jim is averse to using chemicals in the garden

2.Despite his aversion to publicity, Arnold was persuaded to talk to the press.

1.The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.

2.He showed his courage in the face of adversity.

law

Legislative----LegislationJudicial----JurisdictionCompliance with the lawEnforcement of the law

Court-related words

JuryProsecutorPlaintiffDefendant Litigant: Plaintiff or DefendantChargeVerdictAppeal: losing party (appellant) for an

appellate court

Investigation Search warrant Indictment Plea Settlement Bail\ bond ----parole ( 假释） , ---- probatio

n （缓刑） Evidence Burden of proof

Beyond a reasonable doubtTrial JuryCounts (charges)Criminal historySentence/sanctionDetentionHearingsTestimonyWitness

ExtraditionAcquittalAlibi ： The explanation offered by a

person accused of a crime to demonstrate that he or she was somewhere other than where the crime took place at the time the crime happened.

Bench trial ： A trial where the judge decides the outcome and there is no jury

Common law Constitution Felony Injunction 强制令 Jurisdiction Lien 扣押权 , 留置权 Misdemeanor Pleading Precedent

AttorneyLawyerBarristerCounselsolicitorlegal representative

Protagoras (480?-411?bc), 普罗塔哥拉

The basis of his speculation was the doctrine that nothing is absolutely good or bad, true or false, and that each individual is therefore his or her own final authority; this belief is summed up in his saying: “Man is the measure of all things.” Charged with impiety, Protagoras fled into exile; he drowned on his way to Sicily.

Cynicism:n. 犬儒主义 , 玩世不恭 , 冷嘲热讽 distrustful of human nature

Hedonism: n. 快乐论 , 快乐主义 instant personal pleasure

Epicureanism: n. 伊比鸠鲁学说 intellectual pleasure

Stoicism: abstinence and self-controln. 斯多葛哲学，斯多葛学派

bill

approve/pass/veto a bill

The House of Representatives passed a new gun-control bill.

The senator introduced a bill that would increase the minimum wage

Veto & Override

Congress has the power to override the President's veto.

Can you override the automatic locking system?

bill of lading bill of rightsDouble bill: especially a consecutive

presentation of two moviesTricia topped the bill (=was the most

important performer) at the Children's Variety Show.

billboard

substantial

Substantive Substantial Substantiated

We have the support of a ______number of parents.

Katzen’ little evidence to his claims is not ______.

The State Department reported that ______ discussions had taken place with Beijing.

We have the support of a substantial number of parents.

Katzen’ little evidence to his claims is not substantiated.

The State Department reported that substantive discussions had taken place with Beijing.

Could you give us a guesstimate of the numbers involved?

The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate.

Some estimates put the number of deaths at several hundred.

Rumsfeld Visits Abu Ghraib, Eye of Abuse StormThu, May 13, 2004

ABU GHRAIB, Iraq (Reuters) - Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld visited Baghdad's Abu Ghraib prison Thursday, flying into the eye of the storm over Americans torturing prisoners that has shredded Washington's credibility in Iraq.

Hours after U.S. lawmakers viewed "sadistic" new photographs of abuse, Rumsfeld arrived at what was Saddam Hussein 's most notorious prison, where seven U.S. military police reservists are charged with sexually and physically tormenting detainees.

A boat lies abandoned in sand that once formed the bed of the Aral Sea. The Aral supported a major fishing industry until reduced water volumes and increased salinity killed the majority of native fish species. Commercial fishing in the Aral ceased in the early 1980s.

as the next man/person

as any other man or personI am as keen to do well as the next

man.After a while, everybody will have

the technology to make a movie look as cool as the next person.

He knows next to nothing about antiques.

white goodselectrical goods that provide

entertainment at home, such as televisions and computers

no more… than

He's no more fit to be a priest than I am!

used to emphasize that someone or something does not have a particular quality or would not do something

He resented Michael Banks, but no more than he resented anyone else more famous than he was.

The moon still hung in the sky but was no more now than a white stain.

Cue . Omitting unnecessary “There be”.

1.There are a lot of small huts that dot the hillside.

2.There are few students like dancing. ( 典型错误）

3.There were once many mule deer throughout North America, but they are now almost extinct.

Mule deer, once common throughout North America, are now almost extinct.

I think a brief summary of the situation may be in order.

When we are pulled over by a traffic cop , a license check and a ticket are to be in order.

livelihood

Bates says he will lose his livelihood if his driving licence is taken away.

speculative

Speculate ----speculation

speculative investmentsUntil further research has been

done, any figures that I can give you are highly speculative.

Until I saw this move I suspected that Kasparov's attack might be somewhat speculative.

Chiasmus (antimetabole)

We live to eat, not eat to live.

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable man persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.

He was an angel on the surface, but at heart a knave. (Chiasmus)

In short, the BMW 528e is a practical choice for those seeking a thrilling car. And a thrilling choice for those seeking a practical car.

六十岁的人，三十岁的心脏三十岁的人， 六十岁的心脏

Homeoteleuton Instead of rivets there came an invasion,

an infliction, a visitation. (Joseph Conrad; Heart of Darkness)

To me, Bertie is as incomprehensible as he is indispensable.

Loyalty is seen largely as a relic of the 50s, replaced by a corporate Darwinism that leaves little room for commitment and none for sentiment.

Assonance (resemblance of vowel sounds)

And they stand still and watch the potat

oes float by, listen to the screaming pigs being killed in a ditch and covered with quicklime. (John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath)