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UnitUnit9: Antebellum America9: Antebellum America
1840 - 18611840 - 1861
ANTE means BEFORE
BELLUM means WAR
This is the time period BEFORE the
CIVIL WAR
BIG ISSUES DURING THE BIG ISSUES DURING THE ANTEBELLUM PERIODANTEBELLUM PERIOD
• Immigration Immigration
• Industrial GrowthIndustrial Growth
• The Reform MovementThe Reform Movement
• Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny– Texas and MexicoTexas and Mexico
– OregonOregon
• SlaverySlavery
• North vs. SouthNorth vs. South
IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION
• America was considered the “LAND OF America was considered the “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY” WHY?OPPORTUNITY” WHY?
• Cheap LandCheap Land
• JobsJobs
• FreedomFreedom
Two groups come over in HUGE numbers:Two groups come over in HUGE numbers:
• IRISHIRISH
• GERMANSGERMANS
THE IRISHTHE IRISH• TODAY we love the IrishTODAY we love the Irish
• They used to be HATED!!!!!They used to be HATED!!!!!
• WHY?WHY?– POOR POOR – CATHOLIC (“Papists” = followed the POPE)CATHOLIC (“Papists” = followed the POPE)– So MANY (Huge Families)So MANY (Huge Families)– IRISH considered a DIFFERENT RACE than IRISH considered a DIFFERENT RACE than
American PROTESTANTSAmerican PROTESTANTS
IRISH settle mostly in NORTHERN CITIES:IRISH settle mostly in NORTHERN CITIES:
BOSTON and NEW YORKBOSTON and NEW YORK
PAPISTSPAPISTS• Alligators orAlligators or
BISHOPS BISHOPS FROM THE FROM THE ROMAN ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHOLIC CHURCH CHURCH INVADING INVADING AMERICA???AMERICA???????????
Irish immigrant portrayed as an ape carves up democracy with the Irish immigrant portrayed as an ape carves up democracy with the Parish PriestParish Priest
Frequent addition Frequent addition to job postingsto job postings
• Irish in New EnglandIrish in New England
The Fighting Irish: an insult to Irish The Fighting Irish: an insult to Irish Americans?Americans?
• Fighting Irish The “Paddy Wagon”Fighting Irish The “Paddy Wagon”
Blacks and Irish Blacks and Irish • Blacks and Irish competed for jobsBlacks and Irish competed for jobs
• Both were considered a lesser raceBoth were considered a lesser race
German Immigration
• Most Germans who came to America came for economic and political reasons
• Most were farmers• Religiously most were Protestants• They were not as poor as the Irish immigrants• They settled mostly in the Midwest in cities like
Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Louis• They brought with them traditions from home:
– Brewing– Kindergarten (Child’s Garden)
Nativists attack all immigrants
Nativists: Those who favor NATIVE-BORN citizens over IMMIGRANTS. Ironically all Americans were at one time IMMIGRANTS.
The Know-Nothing Party FlagThe Know-Nothing Party Flag
KNOW NOTHINGS: HATED CATHOLICS and
foreigners in general
Self Test
• How did little tiny England become a GLOBAL POWERHOUSE?
• Why does INDUSTRY attract immigrants?
• What is the value of a good idea?
England: Industrial PowerhouseEngland: Industrial PowerhouseEngland Industrializes 18th Century
Industry + Naval Power =Global Powerhouse
England can now mass produce goods and use their
Navy to ship them around the world
The American Factory System is The American Factory System is bornborn
Samuel Slater: British MechanicBrings industrial secrets to US
F
First Factory in US
NEW ENGLAND IS PERFECT FOR FACTORIES:HARBORS, PEOPLE, RIVERS FOR POWER
Rhode Island
MemorizedFactory plans
TECHNOLOGY: TECHNOLOGY: American InventorsAmerican Inventors
ELI WHITNEY:1. The Cotton Engine
“Gin”Revolutionized Cotton
Production50 times more
efficient
2. Interchangeable Parts: efficientManufacturing through
Standardization
The Sewing MachineThe Sewing Machine All clothing had to be hand stitched before this machine
was invented
Elias Howe
Issac Singer
Mechanical ReaperMechanical Reaper“You reap what you sow”“You reap what you sow”
Farmers used to cut all wheat by hand. It took hours and was
hard labor.Mechanical Reaper did it in
minutes
Cyrus McCormack
Turnpikes: Turnpikes: People built their own roads People built their own roads and then charged people to use themand then charged people to use them
Then and NOWThen and NOW
•Robert Fulton: Perfects the STEAMBOAT
•Now boats can go “up the river” against the Tide and
current
•First used in the Hudson River in New York
Canal Mania: Canals allowed for the mass Transportation of bulk products. The most
successful Canal = Erie Canal in New York. Dug by hand
by Irish Immigrants
New Jersey’s D&R Canal connected
NYC to Philadelphia
R.R.’sRailroads KILL THE
CANALSWHY?
1.All weather2.More efficient
3.Faster4.Cheaper
RAILROADS ARE THE TRANSPORTATION
POWERHOUSE UNTIL THE
AIRPLANE KILLS THEM
Railroads were built by cheap Chinese and Irish
labor. Both groups faced
Hatred from NATIVISTS
1. Slavery slowly fades away in the North1. Slavery slowly fades away in the North2. Slavery was banned in the Northwest Territory2. Slavery was banned in the Northwest Territory3. NEW JERSEY is the last northern state to abolish 3. NEW JERSEY is the last northern state to abolish slaveryslavery
SLAVERY IN THE NORTH: