Unit 9 - History of Florida (FINAL)

8/7/2019 Unit 9 - History of Florida (FINAL)

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Cornerstone Christian School Upper School History Mr. Henderson


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Ichetucknee Springs


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1565 1597 Florida Maps


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It has been said that thousands of years ago, Florida was much

larger in land than it is today. Animals migrated into Florida fromother parts of America.

The earliest Floridians were nomads, or people who move fromplace to place in search of food. These people made weapons ofstone and hunted Mammoths and Mastodons.

In Floridas pre-history, the rich variety of supported a large

number of plants and animals. The animal population includedmost mammals that we know today. In addition, many other

large mammals that are now extinct (such as the saber-tooth

tiger, mastodon, giant armadillo, and camel) roamed the land.


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By the 1500s Native Americans had developed a complexcivilization, and Florida was home to many Native Tribes.

Florida was home to the following tribes: Timucua and Apalachee who lived in North Florida and were farmers.

Jeagas who lived in Southeastern Florida and fished and hunted.

Tequesta who lived in Southern Florida and gathered food from the land aroundthem.


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ritten records about life in Florida began with the arrival of the

Spanish explorer and adventurer Juan Ponce de Len in 1513 possibly

near present-day St. Augustine. Sometime between April 2 and April 8, Ponce de Len waded ashore on the northeast coast of Florida.

He called the area la Florida, in honor ofPascua florida ("feast of the

flowers"), Spain's Eastertime celebration.Other Europeans may have reached

Florida earlier, but no firm evidence of

such achievement has been found.

On another voyage in 1521, Ponce de

Len landed on the southwestern coast of

the peninsula, accompanied by two-

hundred people, fifty horses, and

numerous beasts of burden. His

colonization attempt quickly failed

because of attacks by native people.

However, Ponce de Len's activities

served to identify Florida as a desirable

place for explorers, missionaries, and

treasure seekers.


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In 1539, Hernando de Soto began another expedition in search ofgold and silver, which took him on a long trek through Florida and

what is now the Southeastern United States.

For four years, de Soto's expedition wandered, in hopes of finding

the fabled wealth of the Indian people.

De Soto and his soldiers camped for five months in the area now

known as Tallahassee. De Soto died near the Mississippi River in

1542. Survivors of his expedition eventually reached Mexico.

No great treasure troves awaited the Spanish conquistadores who explored Florida. However,

their stories helped inform Europeans about Florida and its relationship to Cuba, Mexico, andCentral andSouth America, from which Spain regularly shipped gold, silver, and other

products. Groups of heavily-laden Spanish vessels, called plate fleets, usually sailed up the

GulfStream through the straits that parallel Florida's Keys. Aware of this route, pirates

preyed on the fleets. Hurricanes created additional hazards, sometimes wrecking the ships on

the reefs and shoals along Florida's eastern coast.


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O.I.A. Roche writes in his book The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots

that "Huguenot" is, "a combination of a Flemish and a German word. In the Flemish

corner of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study

secretly were called Huis Genooten ('housemates') while on the Swiss and German

borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or 'oath fellows,' that is, persons bound to

each other by an oath. Gallicized into 'Huguenot', often used deprecatingly, the

word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of

enduring honor and courage."

The Huguenots were French Protestants (most of whom eventually

came to follow the teachings of John Calvin) who, due to religious

persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries in the

1500s and 1600s. Some remained in France, practicing their Faith in secret.

SEE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOOOym_4t78


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St. Augustine These French adventurers promptedSpain to accelerate her plans for

colonization. Pedro Menndez de Avils hastened across the Atlantic, his sights

set on removing the French and creating a Spanish settlement.

Pedro Menndez de Avils arrived in 1565at a placehe called San Augustn (St. Augustine) andestablished the first permanent European settlementin what is now the United States.

The King of Spain ordered Aviles to destroy Ft.Caroline and remove the French from Florida, soAviles attacked the fort and killed all the Frenchliving there.


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St. Augustine Sir Francis Drake, a British privateer, or

legal pirate would frequently raid St.Augustine

Because of these raids, the Spanish built a fortnamed Castillo de San Marcos, in 1672, to protect

the citizens of St. Augustine from attack. These eventswould spark rivalry between the three nations over Florida, butSpainowned the territory.

The English, also eager to exploit the wealth of the Americas, increasingly

came into conflict with Spain's expanding empire. In 1586 the English captain

Sir Francis Drake looted and burned the tiny village ofSt. Augustine.

However,Spanish control of Florida was not diminished. In fact, as late as

1600, Spain's power over what is now the southeastern UnitedStates was

unquestioned. When English settlers came to America, they established their

first colonies well to the Northeast at Jamestown (in the present state ofVirginia) in 1607 and Plymouth (in the present state of Massachusetts) in

1620. English colonists wanted to take advantage of the continent's natural

resources and gradually pushed the borders ofSpanish power southward into

present-day southern Georgia. At the same time, French explorers were

moving down the Mississippi River valley and eastward along the Gulf Coast.


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The Castillo de San Marcos site is the oldest masonry fort in the UnitedStates. It is located in the city ofSt.

Augustine, Florida. Construction was begun in 1672 by the Spanish when Florida was a Spanish territory.

During the twenty year period of British possession from 1763 until 1784, the fort was renamedFort St. Mark,

and after Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821 the fort was again renamedFort Marion, in honor of

revolutionary war hero Francis Marion. In 1942 the original name, Castillo de San Marcos, was restored by

Congress.

Spain's adversaries moved even closer

when England founded Georgia in

1733, its southernmost continental

colony. Georgians attacked Florida in

1740, assaulting the Castillo de San

Marcos atSt. Augustine for almost a

month. While the attack was not

successful, it did point out the growing

weakness ofSpanish Florida.


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Britain and France were at war with one another in the Frenchand Indian War(the American counterpart of the Seven YearsWar) and the Spanish sided with the French (1756-1763). During this war, Britain captured the city of Havana, Cuba; which was a majorSpanish port.

At the end of the war, the Spanish traded the whole Florida territory to the British to get Havana back. TheBritish agreed to this, and took control of Florida.

Florida was split into two colonies West Florida and East Florida (the 14th and 15th colonies) These colonies did not rebel against Britain, and remained loyal throughout the Revolution

The British ruled Florida from this time to the end of the Revolutionary War

As part of the peace treaty to end the American RevolutionaryWar, Britain agreed to give Florida back

to the Spanish, and did so in 1784.

British surveyors mapped much of the landscape and coastline and

tried to develop relations with a group of Indian people who were

moving into the area from the North. The British called these people

of Creek Indian descentSeminolies, orSeminoles. Britain attempted

to attract white settlers by offering land on which to settle and help

for those who produced products for export. Given enough time, this

plan might have converted Florida into a flourishing colony, but

British rule lasted only twenty years.


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When the British evacuated Florida, Spanish colonists as well as settlers from the newly formedUnitedStates came pouring in. Many of the new residents were lured by favorable Spanish termsfor acquiring property, called land grants. Others who came were escaped slaves, trying to reach aplace where their U.S. masters had no authority and effectively could not reach them. Instead ofbecoming more Spanish, the two Floridas increasingly became more "American."

After several official and unofficial U.S. militaryexpeditions into the territory, Spain formallyceded Florida to the United States in 1821,according to terms of the Adams-Ons Treaty.

The treaty was negotiated by John Quincy Adams, the Secretary ofState under U.S. President JamesMonroe, and the Spanish foreign minister Luis de Ons.

On one of those military operations, in 1818, General Andrew Jackson (later our 7th President) made a

foray into Florida. Jackson's battles with Florida's Indian people later would be called the FirstS

eminoleWar.


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Florida as a US Territory The US took possession of the territory, and ran

into problems with the native people of Florida. TheSeminole Indians were an Indian tribe that was a mixture of other tribesand escaped slaves.

President Andrew Jackson wanted to get rid ofthe Seminole Indians in Florida, and took part inthree wars against them called The SeminoleWars. UnderPresident Andrew Jackson, the U.S. government spent $20million and the lives of many U.S. soldiers, Indian people, and U.S. citizens toforce the removal of the Seminoles. In the end, the outcome was not as thefederal government had planned. Some Indians migrated "voluntarily."Some were captured and sent west under military guard; and othersescaped into the Everglades, where they made a life for themselves awayfrom contact with whites.

Many of the Seminole were forced to move to

Oklahoma after he signed the Indian Removal Actof1830 .

In 1837 the territory of Florida was home to 48,000 people, these peoplestarted to petition the U.S. government to allow Florida to become a state.

Leader of the Seminole in the

S

eminole Wars

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nfo_LnuDJ1c&feature=related(Trail of Tears)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyFhnZi8eUA&feature=related (Andrew Jackson)

Andrew Jackson, 7th President

of the UnitedStates


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In 1763 following the Seven Years War, and the British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to

Georgia.

The Kings Road crossed the St. Johns at a narrow point which

became known to the Indians as Wacca Pilatka and to the British

as Cowford (or Cow Ford), both names referring to the fact that

cattle were brought across the river there.

In 1822, American settlers began using Jacksonville's current namein honor of the common mans President, AndrewJackson. Led byIsaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative

Council on February 9, 1832.

Jax in 1864


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Florida became the 27th state on March 3rd, 1845. William D. Moseley waselected the new state's first governor, and David Levy Yulee, one of Florida's leading proponents for statehood,

became a U.S. Senator.

Of around 88,000 people, more than half the population of the stateat that time were black slaves working on plantations. It was for thisreason that Florida joined the rest of the Southern Slave States andseceded from the Union when Abraham Lincoln was elected .

[TERM: To secede means to leave a government and become an

independent state.] There were many civil war battles throughout Florida including the Battle of Gainesville and the Battle of

Natural Bridge. During the Civil War, Florida was not ravaged as several other southern states were. Indeed, nodecisive battles were fought on Florida soil. While Union forces occupied many coastal towns and forts, theinterior of the state remained in Confederate hands.

After the war, Florida entered Reconstruction, or the reorganizationand rebuilding of the Southern States.

Like most of theS

outh at that time, Florida had laws which required segregation, or the separation or isolationof a race.Beginning in 1868, the federal government instituted a congressional

program of "reconstruction" in Florida and the other southern states. During

this period, Republican officeholders tried to enact sweeping changes, many

of which were aimed at improving conditions for African Americans.


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With the invention of the Railroad, Florida

became one of the most populartouristdestinations in all of the United States. Henry Flagler built railroads from Jacksonville to

Miami, and also built hotels along the routes

Henry Plant built railroads and hotels from

Jacksonville to Tampa This stimulated business in Western Florida

These railroads would bring tourists and transplants into Florida until thedevelopment of the automobile

In the 1930s Florida would see its first theme park:Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven.

Walt Disney World opened in Central Florida in 1971. This would make Florida a popular tourism destination and spur a billion

dollar industry

Today tourism is the largest industry in Florida and it generates $3 billion instate sales tax revenue, or incoming money


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Unit 9 - History of Florida (FINAL)

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