Unit: Ancient RomeUnit: Ancient Rome

ITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUSITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUS

CITIESBari Venice MilanBologna Genoa Rome

Turin Florence Palermo Reggio de Calabria

LANDFORMS/NATIONS Sicily Switzerland Sardinia Slovenia San Marino

PHYSICAL FEATURES/BODIES OF WATER Gulf of Taranto Gulf of Venice Gulf of Genoa Ionian Sea Ligurian Sea

Strait of Sicily Adriatic Sea Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Strait of Messina

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The EtruscansThe Etruscans• Dominated central

and northern Italian Peninsula

• Confederation of city-states

• Flourishing trade with the East

• Alphabet based on Greek- not totally decipherable

• Great respect for women

The EtruscansThe Etruscans

• Influences on Influences on RomeRome The ArchThe Arch The VaultThe Vault Gladiator combat Gladiator combat

(funeral rite)(funeral rite) Studying animal Studying animal

entrailsentrails

GeographyGeography

• Few natural resources

• Although coastline extensive, few natural harbors – limited seafaring skills

• Predominantly agricultural – Plains of Latium

• Land open to invasion / farmer-soldiers

Early Greek InfluencesEarly Greek Influences

• Greek colonies on Greek colonies on peninsula / Sicilypeninsula / Sicily

• Influences include:Influences include: ReligionReligion AlphabetAlphabet Crops- grapes and Crops- grapes and

olives olives

Origin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the EtruscansOrigin of the Etruscans

Z Between 900 and 500 BCE

Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans.

Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor.

Z Their land was called Etruria.

Z Between 900 and 500 BCE

Z Called themselves the Rasenna; >the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; >the Romans called them the Etruscans.

Z Came from eastern Mediterranean, possibly Asia Minor.

Z Their land was called Etruria.

TheThe

LandLand

of theof the

EtruscanEtruscanss

TheThe

LandLand

of theof the

EtruscanEtruscanss

EtruscansEtruscansEtruscansEtruscans

Etruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemEtruscan Political SystemZ Independent, fortified city-states.

Z Formed small confederacies.

Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples.

Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.

Z Independent, fortified city-states.

Z Formed small confederacies.

Z Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples.

Z By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian peninsula,including Rome and the island of Corsica.

Etruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan MilitaryEtruscan Military

Bronze WarriorBronze Warrior6c BCE Chariot6c BCE Chariot

Etruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan WritingEtruscan Writing

Z Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.

Z We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.

Z Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

Z Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors.

Z We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but wehave no clue about their meaning.

Z Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.

Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCELemnos Stelae – 6c BCE

The Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan AlphabetThe Etruscan Alphabet

Etruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing TabletEtruscan Writing Tablet

Etruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan ReligionEtruscan Religion

Z Polytheistic.

Z Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.

Z Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by augurs.

Z Believed in predestination.

Z Polytheistic.

Z Believed that the destiny of manwas determined by the whims of the gods.

Z Believed in prophecy and readingthe signs of nature by augurs.

Z Believed in predestination.

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Reconstruction of anReconstruction of anEtruscan TempleEtruscan Temple

Etruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan CemeteryEtruscan Cemetery

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Etruscan Etruscan FuneralFuneral& Tomb& Tomb

Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &

Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco

Etruscan Etruscan Tomb Tomb Wall &Wall &

Tomb FrescoTomb Fresco

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

Interior of an Etruscan Interior of an Etruscan TombTomb

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Sarcophagus of an Sarcophagus of an Etruscan CoupleEtruscan Couple

Etruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold JewelryEtruscan Gold Jewelry

Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in

Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes

Life-Size Statue of an Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby in Etruscan Baby in

Swaddling ClothesSwaddling Clothes

Etruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan ArtEtruscan ArtZ Art created for religious or utilitarian

purposes.

Z Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.

Z Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.

Z Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.

Z Pottery at first copies of Greek works.

Later, created their own bronze pottery.

Z Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

Z Art created for religious or utilitarianpurposes.

Z Most famous pieces created out ofterracotta.

Z Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.

Z Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,music, and feasting.

Z Pottery at first copies of Greek works.

Later, created their own bronze pottery.

Z Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].

DanceDanceDanceDance

Double FlutistDouble Flutist

An Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan BanquetAn Etruscan Banquet

Etruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan WrestlersEtruscan Wrestlers

Etruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & VasesEtruscan Jars & Vases

Etruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan BronzesEtruscan Bronzes

The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in

History!History!

The Gate of Volterra:The Gate of Volterra:First known Archway in First known Archway in

History!History!

Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome

Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of RomeRome

Reign of RomulusReign of Romulus 753-716 BCE753-716 BCE

Numa PompiliusNuma Pompilius 715-674 BCE715-674 BCE

Tullius HostilliusTullius Hostillius 673-642 BCE673-642 BCE

Anchus MarciusAnchus Marcius 642-617 BCE642-617 BCE

Lucius Tarquinian PriscusLucius Tarquinian Priscus 616-579 BCE616-579 BCE

Servius TulliusServius Tullius 578-535 BCE578-535 BCE

Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusLucius Tarquinius Superbus 535-510 BCE535-510 BCE

509 BCE509 BCE Roman Revolt Roman Revolt Republic Republic Established!Established!

The Origins of Rome

• Indo-Indo-Europeans Europeans 2,000-1,000 2,000-1,000 BCEBCE

• City-state of City-state of Rome founded Rome founded 753 753 BCEBCE

• Tiber River / Tiber River / Seven Hills of Seven Hills of RomeRome

• Strategic Strategic importanceimportance

Tiber River / Seven Hills of RomeTiber River / Seven Hills of Rome

The Origins of Rome

• Romulus and Remus

• Rape of the Sabine Women

Romulus and Remus

Romulus and Remus

Rome's twin founders

Foundation myth

Descendants of the Trojan prince and refugee Aeneas

Fathered by Mars <or the demi-god Hercules> and Rhea Silvia

Uncle exposes them to die in wild.

Found by a she-wolf who suckles and cares for them.

Twins are eventually restored to their regal birthright,

Acquire many followers

Decide to found a new city.

Romulus and Remus given shelter by Pietro-da-Cortona

Romulus wishes new city on Palatine Hill;

Remus prefers Aventine Hill.

Agree to determine the site through augury.

Romulus appears to receive the sign, but each claims the truth.

Tiber River / Seven Hills of RomeTiber River / Seven Hills of Rome

Disputes follow, Remus is killed.

Romulus names the new city Rome, after himself

Creates the Roman Legions and the Roman Senate.

Adds citizens to his new city by abducting the women of the neighboring Sabine tribes,

Result = combination of Sabines and Romans as one Roman people.

Rome rapidly expands

Rape of the Sabine Women

Dominant force, due to: Divine guidance and Inspired administrative, military and political leadership of Romulus.

Romulus increasingly autocratic

Disappears in mysterious circumstances

Deified as the god Quirinus Divine persona of the Roman people.

The History of Rome

• Roman history in three major political phases:The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally,

rule by seven kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus

The Republic (507-31)- Rule by Senate, Consuls, Assemblies, and dictators

The Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE)- Rule by emperors