UNIT I

1. What is the difference between plane surveying and geodetic surveying? [N/D-14,A/M-16]

Plane surveying Geodetic surveying

It is adopted for smaller areas It is adopted for larger areas

The curvature of the earth is not taken into account

The curvature of the earth is taken into account

2. What is meant by well conditioned triangle? [N/D-14]

A well conditioned triangle is in which no included angle less than 30° or greater than 120°. An

equilateral triangle is the best conditioned triangle or an ideal triangle.

3. Write any two principles of surveying [M/J-13,M/J-15]

The two basic principles of surveying are: a) To work from whole to the part b) To locate a new station by at least two processes

4. What is meant by reconaissance survey? [M/J-15]

Preliminary inspection of an area to be surveyed is reconnaissance or reconnoiters survey. A proper planning should be done during reconnaissance it such that the work will better and effectively executed.

5. What is meant by ranging [M/J-13,N/D-15]

Ranging is defined as the establishing an intermediate point between the two terminal stations in a

given straight line.

6. What are the different cumulative errors in chain surveying? [M/J-13,N/D-15]

The sources of error in chain surveying are:

a. Erroneous length of Chain or Tape b. Bad Ranging c. Bad straightening d. Sag in Chain e. Variation in temperature

7. What are the errors and corrections in chaining? [M/J-14,N/D-15]

I. Systematic Errors and Corrections

a) Correction for Absolute Length b) Slope Correction c) Correction for Temperature d) Correction for Tension e) Correction for Sag f) Correction for Incorrect Alignment g) Combined Correction h) Reduction to Mean Sea Level

II. Random Errors

8. What are the methods of surveying based on instrument? [N/D-14,N/D-16]

Following are the instruments used for chain surveying: a) Instruments for linear measurement: Chain, Tape b) Instruments for setting out right angles: Cross staff, optical square and prism square c) Other Accessories: Ranging rods, arrows, plumb bob, wooden pegs

PART – B

1. Explain the method of Reciprocal ranging. [M/J-13,N/D-14]

2. What are the different sources of error in chain surveying? Distinguish between

cumulative and compensating errors [N/D-14,M/J-16]

3. What are the basic principles of surveying? Explain them. [A/M-13,N/D-15]

4. What is well conditioned triangle? Explain its significance in

surveying [M/J-13,N/D-15]

5. Explain the methods of chaining with neat sketches. While you do chaining to overcome

obstacles for chaining and not for ranging [M/J-14,N-D-16]

6 . Explain the classification of surveying. [A/M-14,M/J-16]

7. Write the equation for the different tape corrections [A/M-14,N/D-

15]