Unit I: Part I

Coming of AgeRhetorical concepts

Bellringers

• http://mreldridge.net/dailyExercises.aspx– Syntax, diction, imagery, details, tone

Diction/Syntax Prezi: Extra practice (Bellringer)

• http://prezi.com/bvagnihmfxjl/diction-and-syntax/

Rhetoric

• the study of writing or speaking as a means of communication or persuasion.

Voice

• A writer’s or speaker’s unique personality expressed using imagery, syntax, diction, and tone.

Voice• Syntax• Diction• Imagery• Tone

Syntax• Sentence structure• Etymology: –Syn: together•Ex. Synthesis, synonym, synchronize

–Tax: arrangement/order•Ex. Taxonomy, taxidermy

Examples of syntax choices

• Sentence length: long, short, mid-length• Kinds of sentences: simple, compound,

complex, compound-complex (p 10)• Quotations: direct, indirect (p15)• Periodic sentence: p 43• Cumulative sentence: p45• Balanced sentence: p46

Diction•Word choice

Diction ScaleThe four types of diction with a range of formality are in this order:• Formal– Please exit the edifice and decamp to your abode.

• Casual– Get out of here, and go home!

• Colloquial– Y’all head on home now, y’hear?

• Slang (Least Formal)– Dude, totally, like, go chill at your, like, crib.

Examples

• agree – concur• begin – commence • end – terminate• think – cogitate• skinny—slim • building—edifice

Ways to talk about diction• Artificial false Literal apparent, word for word • Bombastic high sounding, pompous, • ostentatious • Moralistic puritanical, righteous• Colloquial vernacular (slang) Obscure unclear • Concrete actual, specific, particular Obtuse dull-witted, undiscerning • Connotative alludes to; suggestive Ordinary everyday, common • Cultured cultivated, refined, finished Pedantic didactic, scholastic, bookish • Detached cut-off, removed, separated Plain clear, obvious • Emotional expressive of emotions Poetic lyric, melodious, romantic • Esoteric understood by a chosen few Precise exact, accurate, decisive • Euphemistic insincere, affected Pretentious pompous, gaudy, inflated • Exact verbatim, precise Provincial rural, rustic, unpolished • Figurative serving as illustration Scholarly intellectual, academic • Formal academic, conventional Sensuous passionate, luscious • Grotesque hideous, deformed Simple clear, intelligible • Homespun folksy, homey, native, rustic Slang lingo, colloquialism • Idiomatic Peculiar, vernacular Symbolic representative, metaphorical • Insipid uninteresting, tame, dull Trite common, banal, stereotyped • Jargon vocabulary for a profession Informal casual, relaxed, unofficial

• Learned educated, experienced Vulgar coarse, indecent, tasteless

Abhorrent abrupt accusing accusatory admonitory bantering bitter boring brash bucolic calm cautious

childish coarse cold colloquial concerned despairing desperate disdainful disgusted ecstatic effusive elated

elegiac eloquent embittered eruditeexuberant foreboding gloomy harsh haughty hopeful

humbleindignant inflammatory irreverent irritated ironic

joking joyful light loving miserable melancholicnervous nostalgic optimistic outraged paranoid

passionate patronizing pedantic peaceful pessimistic pitiful pleasant playful proud pompous pretentious questioning

reflective reminiscent resigned romantic sadsanctimonious sarcastic sardonic scornful sentimental

serene serious sharp shocked silly solemn somber soothing snobbish snooty sympathetic taunting turgid vexed

vibrant whimsical angry anxious appreciative apologetic arrogant audacious condemning dark condescendingcontemptuous dreamy mocking moralistic mournful persuasive

piquant cynical compassionate confidant

More words to describe diction

Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans.

Bouncing – lit – joyous – glow – fiancé - wedding

What kind of words are these?

Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

Cheerful diction contributes to the euphoric tone.

Or uplifting diction contributes to the joyful tone.

Harvard accepted her, allowing this child the opportunity to study in the same halls as the many famous scholars before her, giving her the chance to excel in her field in the best college in the United States.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

Harvard accepted her, allowing this child the opportunity to study in the same halls as the many famous scholars before her, giving her the chance to excel in her field in the best college in the United States.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone. lofty diction contributes to the elevated tone.

Drawing the attention of his classmates, as well as his teacher, the student dared to experiment with his professor’s intelligence by interrogating him about the Bible.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

Drawing the attention of his classmates, as well as his teacher, the student dared to experiment with his professor’s intelligence by interrogating him about the Bible.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

challenging diction contributes to the confrontational tone.

Gently smiling, her mother tenderly tucked the covers up around the child’s neck, and carefully, quietly, left the room, making sure to leave a comforting ray of light shining through the opened door should the child awake.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

loving diction contributes to the serene tone.

The laughing wind skipped through the village, teasing the trees until they danced with anger and cajoling the grass into fighting itself, blade slapping blade, as the silly dog with golfball eyes and flopping, tongue bounded across the lawn.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

The laughing wind skipped through the village, teasing the trees until they danced with anger and cajoling the grass into fighting itself, blade slapping blade, as the silly dog with golfball eyes and flopping, tongue bounded across the lawn.

____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

humorous diction contributes to the happy-go-lucky tone.

Remember………………………What kind of words are there?

And how do they make you feel?

Imagery: 2 kinds• Words and phrases that appeal to

your five senses:–Sight–Taste–Smell–Hearing–Touch

Figurative Language

• Metaphor• Simile

Imagery Examples• Touch: chill, clammy, cold, grainy, gritty, jarring, knobby, moist,

numb, rough, smooth, sting, tingle• Taste: bland, bitter, brackish, metallic, minty, peppery, salty, sour,

spicy, sweet• Smell: acrid, fetid, greasy, musky, musty, pungent, putrid, rancid,

rank, reek, refreshing, airy, flowery• Sound: bellow, blare, buzz, chime, clang, clatter, clink, crackle,

crash, creak, gurgle, hiss, hum, murmur, pop, purr, rattle, rustle, screech, snap, squeak, whine, whisper

• Sight: blaze, bleary, bloody, chalky, ebony, florid, foggy, gaudy, grimy, haze, muddy, pallid, smudged

Imagery and Word Choice

Imagery

• Use of words to paint a picture that allows a creative image to form in the reader’s mind. The writer chooses words carefully so that the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feelings they are describing form a vivid image for the reader

• EXAMPLES:– The smell of cookies filled the room with pungent

cinnamon and tangy ginger. – She walked into the room and all fell silent as she

swayed through the crowd in all of her glory.

Word Choice

• Makes the writing more attractive to the reader. Uses precise, vibrant language to create sentences that paint pictures for the reader. Word Choice is what helps the writer with imagery!

Imagery Activity

• Expand on each of these sentences to make them more vivid and alive.– The house looked run down.– The tree had new buds.– The cookies were burned.– The couch was comfortable.

Word Choice Activity• Using a thesaurus,

find words to describe these common every day, over used words with words that sound “better”

– Good– Happy– Sad– Tired– Hate– Love– Stupid– Fat– Bad

Writing your own!

• Think of your three favorite colors. How would you describe what those colors looks like to someone else?

Color Poem

• Now answer these questions in reference to your favorite color:

• List 1: What things LOOK (color)?List 2: What things SOUND (color)?List 3: What things SMELL (color)?List 4: How does (color) FEEL?List 5: What makes YOU FEEL (color)?List 6: What things TASTE (color)?List 7: What EXPERIENCES or IDEAS seem (color)?List 8: Can you think of any (color) PLACES?

Create a Color Poem as a class:

• What things LOOK_______________?

• What things SOUND ______________?

• What things SMELL_______________?

• How does ____________FEEL?

• What makes YOU FEEL ___________?

• What things TASTE____________?

• What EXPERIENCES or IDEAS seem__________?

• Can you think of any ____________ PLACES?

Tone• The attitude a writer has towards

his subject and/or characters

Tone Examples

• I don’t care! Leave me alone!• Sure, you look great. Yeah, right.• Aw, shucks…Do you really mean it? • I can’t wait to get up in the morning and start

my day!• Ummm…I’m not sure; I mean, can you explain

what you mean again?

Terms for Test Review

Unit I Rhetorical Terms: Communication

• Voice• Diction• Syntax• Imagery• Tone• Gloss• Analogy

Unit I Rhetorical Terms: Persuasion

• Ad hominem• Advertising techniques: bandwagon, avant-

garde, testimonials, facts and figures, transfer• Rhetorical appeals– Pathos– Ethos– Logos

Unit I Literary Terms

• Protagonist• Hyperbole• Simile• Metaphor• Prose• Point of View

Unit I Grammar Concepts

• Compound/Complex sentence• Direct quote• Indirect quote• Subjunctive verbs• Reciprocal pronouns• Periodic sentence• Cumulative sentence• Balanced sentence• Restrictive/nonrestrictive clauses

Unit I Word Etymologies

• Pathos– Path

• Syntax– syn– Tax

• Protagonist– proto– Agon

• Lesson On voice or mood• http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-pl

an/adding-strong-voice-your-writing•