Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes {fTe0Date-----Name --~---------------

UNIT IV: The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases:

We will study acids and bases in this unit. We will be introduced to 2 THEORIES. Thefirst theory is a basic theory but still valuable. It explains much of what we alreadyknow about acids and bases:

The Arrhenius T~eory of Acids and Bases:

An ACID is an ionic species whose formula starts with " rt "~ Substance that releases t\ -t . in water

A BASE is an ionic species whose formula ends with "0\-\"> Substance that releases 0tt- in water

A SALT is an ionic species whose formula does not start with t\ or end in 0 \-t~ Neither an acid or a base

- Examples N0. C \\<\'-SO~

Neutralization Reactions

Salts are produced in acid- base neutralization reactions.

+ WA-t~

\-\:2-0(\-\-o-\-\)

*these reactions are based on the fact that acid produce H+ and bases produce OH-

ACID+BASE-7 SAL \"Ex: HCI + NaOH -7 NCk c.,\ + ----.-----::::--

Whenever you see an acid and a base as the reactants ... you know that water(H20) will be a product. The salt will be made up of the remaining ions!

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Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes

Writing and BALANCING Neutralization Rxn Equations:2)U\ \t -r »s O-\{.,( "

HBr + Ca(OH)2 ~ ?

1. Check to see how many H's and OH's are in the formulae of acid! base:

HBr + Ca(OH)2 ~ ?

(acid supplies _\_H, base supplies :;l OH)

~ W~ f\~e£\ ~ \-\-'5 tD meA kh ~o H-\S .

2. Adjust your coefficients (to give you the same # ofH's and OH's)

~ HBr + _\_ Ca(OH)2 ~ ~ H20 +?

3. Now combine the left over ions ... write the formula of the salt:

d- HBr + _\_ Ca(OH)2 -7 ~ H20 + ~ ~ 6('a:

(*Make sure the ion charges balance for the salt.)

Hebden Questions - p. 110 #1 ,2

DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITIONS of ACIDS and BASES:

The W that is present in acids and the OH- present in bases accounts for some ofobservable properties.

Properties of ACIDS:- react with ba~.e5 .' "

electrolytes (conduct eJ .f.J..,~ Il ell (( t-- react with some metals to produce L S 0. S

o ZIl(s)+ 2HCl(~ -7 ZnClz(aq) + H2 (g)- Turn litmus paper e.D- Taste 00'V (

~ y.. :\J i{\~(J,( 2\-t;yYW()J'~\ «,

Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes

Properties of BASES:- react with (\c..\ &5- electrolytes- slippery (used in manufacture of soap)

Turn litmus paper k2 Lu6- Taste f2 \TI~

~

SOME COMMON ACIDS and BASES:COMMON ACIDS

Formula Chemical Name "Common" name USES:

~2

H2SO4 5\..\ \ \u ()'L \' paH--..(~ A-u &\ I·(J0D t:t C\ t"j0\ nH)jO-.!ttn-\- ('( -[ m l) if fJ

ClC\-o\ ,i{~J(~1bf~~Jcer,HCI ~ ~V1) Gh \O()'c.,

)J- C\-((Anl'~ me+a Ilr tv\uv" Cl n(.;CL 0d - 0- GtI >[ ~ -eVl '-d tl 1.t.S

£1c;t\ ~};~rli,1lPcoco, iHN03 rJ \'t-( \'c. 5aW\.0 - n,' tr cd-(5

- ~h lluv)) ey~10A-c:A (/\ ,v\l.s 'CH3COOH fk~HL 50J<:) : VI' r'\~ ar- - tn aK'.e acd-a k,

~- p(eS-l ntl,' 13 fob (. A-v\ c\ - ma Ki ntii '0) as- ~~

COMMON BASES v

Formula Chemical Name "Common" name USES:

NaOH 30 c\, l Vl rY\ \~e -e-: Na S a I +--5- sbuR

~V) ~ ro y: l tA G CCluoh"( Sodcc - ov-c (J L4 (\,..((.,- Y\..[ u fy-fA I , °21(1 V?

KOH Pbt-D 5~)'lA (Y) L tlU~\il.. ~ So u~ (l O\..L?~y

\rt1 ut (t)'X I' cl c. PDWSh. -Otb (b{ Lo'L- Ot\\~ \t'VJ-l ba~ ~

NH3A-mmD'(\{ UL \\ Ct VV1YY' oy\\'vuY) - rna \« H !tJV 3

~o\Y01\~G I, - e 'lCp 1oS)' "-lJ i ft: ( h;SlY Y\ ~ hL-S

.tJrt'3 LiU\) - ..fYl' J. .e ctS

c5

Ct.(j JJtv1(J)

e5

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Unit IV (Acid and Base) Notes

- Hebden Questions - p. 112 #3,4- Read pages 112 - 113 of Hebden ("Some Common Acids and Bases")- \VS4-1: Common Aeids-a-nd-Bas-es-

P\\q~5-~.

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