“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 1 1
Deanna Beech, Ph.D.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Army
Medical Center
Child, Adolescent &Family Behavioral
Health Service
Unit Needs Assessment
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 2
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 3
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Continuing Education Details pt.2
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Physicians This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME). Professional Education Services Group is accredited by the ACCME as a provider of continuing medical education for physicians. This activity has been approved for a maximum of 1.5 hours of AMA PRA Category 1 Credits TM. Physicians should only claim credit to the extent of their participation. Nurses Nurse CE is provided for this program through collaboration between DCOE and Professional Education Services Group (PESG). Professional Education Services Group is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. This activity provides a maximum of 1.5 contact hours of nurse CE credit. Occupational Therapists (ACCME Non Physician CME Credit) For the purpose of recertification, The National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) accepts certificates of participation for educational activities certified for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM from organizations accredited by ACCME. Occupational Therapists may receive a maximum of 1.5 hours for completing this live program. Physical Therapists Physical Therapists will be provided a certificate of participation for educational activities certified for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM. Physical Therapists may receive a maximum of 1.5 hours for completing this live program. Psychologists This Conference is approved for up to 1.5 hours of continuing education. APA Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. APA Division 22 maintains responsibility for this program and its content.
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Continuing Education Details pt.3
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 7
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Continuing Education Details pt.4
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
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Continuing Education Details pt.5
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Learning Objectives
∎ At the conclusion of this session participants will be able to …
Identify informal and formal methods of obtaining information on unit needs.
Identify the differences and benefits between the various formal needs assessment tools.
Understand the process for administering and scoring the tools.
Be able to discuss the results with command and help them align available resources to address identified concerns.
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
∎ Dr. Deanna Beech is a Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience working with
children, adolescents, and adults.
∎ Dr. Beech is currently working with the soldiers and families stationed at Ft. Gordon, GA. Prior to
this she had the privilege to work with the 25th Infantry Division at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, as an
Embedded Psychologist with the 8th TSC. Before that she was Chief of Child Psychology at the US
Army Health Center in Vicenza, Italy, and developed regional initiatives for the Army's
Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program.
∎ Dr. Beech also served as an active duty Military Psychologist, worked for international aid
organizations in Bosnia and Kosovo, and organized several international conferences on the effects
of trauma
∎ Additionally, she has written and presented on a variety of topics such as Emotional Wellness,
Military Psychology, and Ethics in international aid.
∎ Presently, she aspires to put concrete tools for facilitating r resiliency in hands of parents and
teachers, because all of our children deserve this.
Deanna Beech, Ph.D.
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Deanna Beech, Ph.D.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Army
Medical Center
Child, Adolescent &Family Behavioral Health Service
Unit Needs
Assessment
12
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
• The views expressed in this presentation are those of Dr. Beech and
do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or the
U.S. Government.
• The description of programs in this presentation is for descriptive
purposes only and not intended to promote any individual program.
• The following lecture is for educational purposes.
• The speaker you are about to hear from, and the treatment, approach,
therapy technique, etc., you are about to learn about is not endorsed
above or beyond other speakers and treatments, approaches,
therapies, and techniques.
Disclosure
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But all of these are still focused on only one aspect of the distribution
∎ Reading the players – SM, 1SG, Commander
Through phone conversations
Meeting in person – face to face builds “street cred”
Walk abouts
∎ Noticing Trends
Such as a surge of SM’s from one company or platoon
∎ High risk meetings
Larger view to check for trends
Use of group dynamics to further understanding the players
Informal UNA
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∎ By default we see the portion of the group with the
greatest mental health difficulties.
∎ We expect that any where between 9 and 31% of
our total population needs MH care (Thomas et al, 2010).
∎ But - it is estimated that we see only about 30 to 40
% of those
that need us
the most (Brown et.al, 2011).
Informal UNA pt.2
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Informal UNA pt.3
∎ It has been thought that the other 60 to 70% of those that
should be coming to see us have been turned off by
stigma and barriers to care (Hoge et al., 2004).
∎ But recent evidence suggests that the SM’s own “negative
attitude towards treatment” and the belief that their
problems are “not severe enough” are more predictive of
not seeking treatment (Kim et al., 2011; Britt et al., 2011).
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∎ And, what about the
other 69 to 91 % of the
population?
∎ If they aren’t walking into
our offices should we
assume that all is fine?
Informal UNA pt.4
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Formal UNA’s
∎ The Unit Behavioral Health Needs Assessment – UBHNA
Takes 20 to 30 min’s to administer
Covers Risk and Unit functioning, minimal Resiliency
∎ The “Checking In” Survey
Takes less than 5 min’s to administer
Covers Risk, Resiliency, and Unit functioning
∎ The Unit Risk Assessment – URA
Takes about 10 min’s to administer
Covers Risk, minimal Unit Functioning & no Resiliency
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
UBHNA - methodology
∎ Developed by a panel of experts as a short form of the
much larger Land Combat Study
∎ Anonymous with voluntary participation
∎ Data is presented in aggregate
∎ Has comparison statistics for setting the “context” for
interpretation
∎ Takes 20 to 30 minutes to complete
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
UBHNA – areas covered
∎ Demographics
∎ Recent Deployments
∎ PTSD (PCL)
∎ Unit Cohesion
∎ Depression (PHQ9)
∎ Alcohol / Drug use
∎ Use of existing MH
resources
∎ Questions about stigma
and barriers
• Marital Satisfaction
– Separating/divorcing
– Spouse abuse
– Satisfaction
• Unit support to family
• Three things (good or
bad) that contribute to
your current state of well-
being.
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∎ cac controlled database
UBHNA – inputting data
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PHQ 4 Lowe et al., 2010
Grit / Hardiness Duckworth & Quinn, 2009
MacDermott, 2010
Socially Referenced Drinking
Optimistic
Disposition
Buffer Thomas et al., 2011
Sleep Physical Health
Financial Stress
The questions reflect the core DSM V features PTSD Intrusions
Avoidance
Hyperstartle
Negative Mood
General Mental Health
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Family status Avril & Magnini, 2007 Chaplains like to know
Social Supports Procidano & Heller, 1983
Hatch, 2013
Smith et al., 2013
Signficant
Relationship Hendrick, 1988
Rowe et al., 2013
Supports
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Perceived Combat Readiness Shamir et al., 2000
Work
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“Checking In” - methodology
∎ Developed by a team of clinician’s focused on providing actionable data to command and garrison to improve readiness and prevent bad outcomes
∎ Anonymous with voluntary participation
∎ Data is presented in aggregate
∎ A face valid measure with items from standard measure that showed the greatest correlation with the construct, where possible.
∎ Includes reverse scoring items to ensure that SM’s have read the questions.
∎ Takes less than 5 minutes to complete
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Command Climate*
Ready to fight
Confidence in leadership
Evasion of duties
Being part of a team
PHQ-4
Risk Factors Depression
Anxiety
PTSD
Alcohol
Anger
Finances
Resiliency Factors
Subjective Happiness*
Marital Satisfaction (also a risk)
Parent Satisfaction*
Social Supports
Health
Sleep
Grit*
Faith
“Checking In” – areas covered
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
“Checking In” – inputting data
∎ The good news…
It’s easy to administer so it’s easy to get buy in from
command groups.
∎ The bad news…
It requires comfort with Excel and/or SPSS
so it’s cumbersome to interpret.
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BH and Fusion Cell had been shut out. These results were the first step back into the 307th. Subsequent to briefing we were invited to give a training to the commanders on “What BH can do to support the mission.”
“Checking In” - output
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A Program of the… Risk Reduction Program Coordinator Army Substance Abuse Program (ASAP)
∎ Anonymous, but no statement of voluntary
∎ In reality it takes about 30 mins
∎ Local ASAP can do it on demand.
Command just has to ask - which means they have to
know it exists or someone has to offer.
URI - methodology
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Army Approved Command Climate Survey
Designed for use at the
Company level
Screens for high-risk behaviors
and attitudes that compromise unit readiness
No cost to Installation or Units
URI – areas covered
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∎ The person in charge at ASAP sends the surveys to the
mother ship and they get back a beautiful collated report
∎ No number crunching
∎ But, it really don’t get at
resiliency and has limited
command information
URI – inputting data
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∎ Find out more at
http://acsap.army.mil/sso/
pages/public/resources
/rr-uri1.jsp
URI - output
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
UNA – 173rd ABCT OEF ‘10
∎What can you do with data?
An example of how UNA’s can have a huge impact on readiness
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O’Leary’s prediction
∎ OEF ’07-’08 was a 15 mt deployment with extensive
losses, a mass casualty event at the end of the tour
(Wanat-27 WIA, 9 KIA), and many companies spent that tour
in what CNN called “the deadliest place on earth” – the
Korengal Valley (total loss 42 KIA).
∎ OEF ‘10 about 1/3rd of the soldiers where heading back
for their 2nd round with the 173rd
∎ The rules of engagement had changed.
10 seconds on context
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
UNA – to get visibility of the gp
We developed the “Checking In” with the intent of get a group level Mental Status.
6 months prior to deployment we gathered data from 554 soldiers
Results were presented to the 173rd HHC, the combat BTTNs (1st & 2nd of the 503rd), to each company commander, and garrison leadership .
1 mt prior to deployment we gathered a second round of data from 525 soldiers.
The results were again presented to the 173rd command.
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
What we found:
Risk Factors – 6 months out
Combat Stress
∎ 20% of those with prior deployments (PD)
reported increased intrusive ideation about
previous deployments
Reported greater hyper-startle response and
irritability than ND
Were significantly more likely to report they don’t get
along with others,
and a significant correlation was found with
number of deployments
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Risk Factors - 6 months out
General Risk
∎ 5% report their physical health as not at all good,
PD reported significantly decreased physical health
∎ 41% reported that they drink excessively,
and 8% reported that this was very true for them
∎ 41% reported they do not get 7/8 hours of sleep per night,
those with no deployments (ND) were getting significantly less sleep than the PD group
∎ ND group was significantly more likely to report financial problems
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Resiliency Factors – 6 months
out
∎ 59% reported feeling strongly that they work well under pressure (Grit),
and those with PD were significantly more likely to feel this was true about themselves.
∎ 59% describe themselves to be very happy,
4.4% report this is not at all true for them,
and there is a significant difference with PD showing less happiness than ND
∎ 52% report being in a committed relationship and,
of these, 66% describe the relationship as very satisfying
7% report their relationships to be not satisfying at all with no significant difference between PD and ND
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Resiliency Factors – 6 months
out pt.2
∎ 67% report their faith to be a source of support,
and, of these, 25% report it to be a very important
support,
33% report it to be not at all supportive,
PD were significantly less likely to find their faith
supportive
∎ 90% report their friendships to be supportive,
and, of these, 50% report that these relationships are
very supportive
PD were significantly less likely to describe their
relationships as supportive
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Family Supports – 6 months out
∎ Number of Children
70% do not have children
Of the 30% with kids
60% are in the 0-4 age range
∎ 93% describe themselves as good parents
and describe their kids as well behaved,
only 2.1% report they feel they are
not at all good at parenting
and a significant difference was found with
PD reporting their parenting is ‘not as good’
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Why? Because they are all new recruits fresh from home.
∎ 80% report having some concerns about the effects of deployment on children,
and of these, 61% were very concerned
INTERESTINGLY – a significant difference was found between those with one or more deployments and those with no deployments
Those with PD were less worried
Why? - our hypothesis was “I know this beast.”
∎ 63% report concerns with extended family,
and, of these, 25% report being very concerned, those who have never deployed showed greater concern
Family Supports - 6 months out
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Command’s response - they know what it’s
like - we need to show
them they have more skills than they feel
∎ 71% felt that their supervisors responded in a calm and fair
manner
and of these, 34% felt that was very true
20% felt this was not at all true
∎ 55% felt they were being well trained and mentored to
succeed at their mission
and 19% felt this was not true at all
there was a significant difference with PD feeling more
strongly that they were not being sufficiently well trained
Command Climate – 6 months
out
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Command Climate – 6 months
out pt.2
∎ 80% felt that they were an important part of the team
50% felt that was very true
12 % felt that was not true at all (In gp – Out gp)
∎ 66% felt that they were able to trust their chain of
command
32% felt this was very true
23% felt strongly that they could not
those with PD were significantly less likely to trust
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Putting It All Together:
Who needed to know what?
∎ Our “suck rate” could be estimated to be
between 4 - 8%
Command, TMC, Health Center & BH
Tasked to determine deployability
∎ We needed to get our Soldiers sleeping and
drinking less
Command, BH & ASAP
∎ We needed to reach out to single spouses (married without
children) and CONUS families
FRG & ACS
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Putting It All Together:
Who needed to know what? Pt.2
∎ We needed to get information and support to families who
were in their 1st deployment
ACS & Behavioral Health
∎ Needed to develop leadership in junior NCO’s
Command and BH
Field training and Leadership course
∎ Those with prior deployments were feeling rode hard and
hardened from it
Everyone needed to know
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Combat Stress
Intrusive ideation about previous deployments had
slightly but significantly gone down
Hyperstartle and Irritability
significantly reduced (?training as exposure tx)
PD still show significantly more difficulty getting along
with others,
and a significant correlation was still found with number of
deployments
Risk Factors - 1 month out
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Risk Factors - 1 month out pt.2
General Risk
Improved perception of physical health was found with 96%
feeling good, only 4 reporting that they feel they are in poor
health
No longer a significant difference between PD and ND
A slight increase in excessive drinking was found,
but not statistically significant and no adverse actions.
Still the young ND group over indulging
A significant increase in amount of sleep per night was found
No longer a difference between PD and ND
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81% reported feeling that they work well under pressure
(Grit),
and of these, 60% report feeling they work very well
under pressure
Significant improvement from the 59% 6 mts ago
Again, it was found that Soldiers with combat
experience who were redeploying reported a
significantly higher perceived level of Grit than those
who had not deployed.
∎ No significant change in Subjective Happiness, being in
a committed relationship, Faith, or Friendship support.
Resiliency Factors - 1 month out
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So 50% have Family of Origin
as their main support
∎ 47% report being in a committed relationship and,
of these, 75% describe the relationship
as very satisfying
8% report their relationships to be not satisfying at all
INTERESTING – when you look at the two separate
samples neither individually shows a significant
difference between PD and ND,
BUT when considered at a BDE level they separate
out with PD reporting less satisfaction in their
relationships than ND.
Resiliency Factors - 1 month out
pt.2
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Resiliency Factors - 1 month out
pt.3
∎ 94% report their friendships to be supportive, up from
90%
and of these, 57% report that these relationships are
very supportive – up from 50%
This shows a significant increase in reliance on social
support as the deployment approached
BUT those with PD were still significantly less likely
to find their relationships as supportive
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Family Supports - 1 month out
∎ Number of Children
68% do not have children
Of the 32% with kids most are in the 0-4 age range
These final numbers are consistent with the initial
sample
∎ 96% of the parents describe themselves as good
parents and describe their kids as well behaved
Only 4 % report they feel that they are not at all good
at this
The difference between PD and ND resolved
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Family Supports - 1 month out
pt.2
∎ 78% report having some concerns about the effects of deployment on
children,
And of these, 50% were very concerned
22% report that they are not worried at all
No difference at this point between the PD and ND groups
∎ Why was PD group less worried?
Hypothesis:
“My family has already been through this before, and
I feel we have good strategies for coping with the separation.”
Survey says – 68% feel this is true and 29% feel it is very true
32% feel that they do not have good strategies in place
PD families felt significantly more prepared
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Command Climate - 1 month out
∎ 94% felt that their supervisors responded
in a calm and fair manner (prior 71%)
Of these, 56% felt that was very true (prior 34%)
Only 6.3% felt this was not at all true
Shows significant improvement
No difference was found between the PD & ND
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Command Climate - 1 month out
pt.2
∎ 91% felt they were being well trained and mentored to
succeed at their mission (prior 55% )
And 57% felt this was very true
Only 8.6% felt that this was not true at all (prior 19%)
While this shows significant improvement from the first
data set (t=-7.55, p>.001),
There was still a significant difference with PD feeling
more strongly that they were not being sufficiently well
trained (t=-4.87, p=.004)
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Command Climate - 1 month out
pt.3
∎ 94% felt that they were an important part of the team,
compared to 80% prior
68% felt that this was very true (prior 50%)
6.4% felt that was not true at all (prior 12%)
Shows a significant increase in group cohesion (t=-
6.66, p>.001).
And, no difference was found between the PD and
ND perceptions
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
Command Climate - 1 month out
pt.4
∎ 92% felt that they were able to trust their chain of
command (prior 60%)
64% felt this was very true (prior 33%)
8% felt strongly that they could not (prior 23%)
Shows significant improvement (t=-11.35, p>.001)
But, those with PD continued to be significantly less
likely to trust (t=-5.22, p=.001).
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force”
In Summary
∎ By providing information to command and garrison direct
action was taken to increase resiliency pre-deployment.
∎ The data clarified differences between our community’s
needs and what would have been expected based on
the literature.
∎ Understanding these needs allowed our system to
respond more effectively and efficiently.
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 64
Deanna Beech, Ph.D.
Clinical Psychologist
DDEAMC, CAFBHS
Thanks for your time
Questions or Comments
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 65
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 66
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“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 67
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Psychologists – American Psychological Association (APA) Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology)
Occupational Therapists – ACCME Non-Physician CME
Physical Therapists – ACCME Non-Physician CME, Texas PT Association
Social Workers – National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
Case Managers – Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC)
Pharmacists – Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
Medical Coders – AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM
Enduring CE Opportunity
COMING SOON!
“Medically Ready Force . . . . Ready Medical Force” 69
Please join us for the next event in the MHS Speaker Series:
Brain Injury Awareness
March 16, 2016; 9-4:30 p.m. (ET)
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